Meditations — Page 11

Vocabulary

論理学

ronrigaku — The study of logic and reasoning principles.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding a particular context or place.

ストア

sutoa — Stoic; referring to the Stoic philosophical school.

派

ha — School, faction, or sect of thought.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

体系

taikei — System or organized framework of ideas.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence subject.

真理

shinri — Truth; an ultimate or fundamental reality.

試金石

shikinseki — Touchstone; a standard for testing or judging.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words.

基準

kijun — Standard, criterion, or basis for judgment.

クリテリオン

kuriterion — Criterion; standard of judgment (loanword from Greek).

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

関する

kan suru — To relate to; to concern; to be about.

理論

riron — Theory; a systematic explanation of a concept.

注目

chuumoku — Attention; worthy of notice or interest.

値する

atai suru — To be worth; to deserve; to merit something.

彼ら

karera — They; them; referring to a group of people.

生まれたばかり

umareta bakari — Newborn; just having been born recently.

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; the inner essence of a person.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

書き込み

kakikomi — Writing in; an entry or inscription on something.

準備

junbi — Preparation; readiness for an action or event.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle highlighting the grammatical subject.

整った

totonotta — Ready; prepared; in a well-organized state.

一枚

ichimai — One flat object, such as one sheet.

紙

kami — Paper; a sheet used for writing or printing.

例えた

tatoeta — Compared; likened; used as a metaphor or analogy.

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

上

ue — Above; on top of; upon a surface.

感覚

kankaku — Sensation; sense perception of the external world.

印象

inshou — Impression; an image or mark left on the mind.

書き記し

kakinagashi — Recording in writing; noting down something.

それら

sorera — Those; referring to previously mentioned items.

数多く

kazuooku — Numerous; a great many in quantity.

経験

keiken — Experience; knowledge gained through practice or events.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action or activity.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through; due to a cause.

無意識

muishiki — Unconscious; without awareness or conscious intention.

うち

uchi — Within; among; in the course of something.

一般的

ippanteki — General; common; widely applicable to many cases.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

概念

gainen — Concept; abstract idea or general notion.

予期

yoki — Anticipation; expectation of a future event.

形成

keisei — Formation; the process of creating or shaping something.

抗いがたい

aragaigatai — Irresistible; hard to resist or go against.

もの

mono — Thing; object; used to nominalize or describe something.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or reason.

ある

aru — To be; to exist; copula for non-living things.

とき

toki — Time; moment; when a condition occurs.

それ

sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

把握的

haakuteki — Apprehensive; pertaining to firm cognitive grasp.

確固

kakko — Firm; steadfast; unwavering in conviction or stance.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; functioning as.

捉える

toraeru — To grasp; to catch; to comprehend something firmly.

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; expressing another possibility.

説明

setsumei — Explanation; a clarification of something complex.

よれば

yoreba — According to; based on a source or account.

から

kara — From; because of; indicating origin or cause.

生じる

shoujiru — To arise; to occur; to come into being.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting clauses.

呼ばれた

yobareta — Was called; was named or referred to as.

演繹

en'eki — Deduction; reasoning from general principles to specifics.

など

nado — Etc.; and so on; listing examples among others.

人為的

jin'iteki — Artificial; man-made; produced by human effort.

生み出された

umidasa reta — Was produced; was created or generated by someone.

観念

kannen — Idea; notion; a mental concept or representation.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting multiple items loosely.

推論

suiron — Inference; reasoning from evidence to a conclusion.

知覚

chikaku — Perception; awareness of the world through senses.

検証

kenshou — Verification; testing to confirm truth or accuracy.

された

sareta — Was done; passive past form of suru.

倫理学

rinrigaku — Ethics; the philosophical study of moral principles.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle indicating destination.

応用

ouyou — Application; practical use of a theory or skill.

について

ni tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; at a prior point in time.

述べた

nobeta — Stated; described; expressed in words previously.

最高善

saikouzen — The highest good; the ultimate moral value.

徳

toku — Virtue; moral excellence and ethical character.

生活

seikatsu — Life; daily living; one's way of living.

あった

atta — Was; existed; past tense of aru.

のみ

nomi — Only; solely; exclusively limited to one thing.

幸福

koufuku — Happiness; a state of well-being and contentment.

あり

ari — Is; exists; conjunctive form of aru.

悪徳

akutoku — Vice; immoral conduct; moral corruption or wickedness.

不幸

fukou — Unhappiness; misfortune; a state of suffering.

極限

kyokugen — Extreme limit; the furthest boundary of something.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a point.

推し進めて

oshisusumete — Pushing forward; advancing something to its conclusion.

間

aida / ma — Between; interval; a gap or period of time.

段階

dankai — Stage; step; a level in a process.

得ない

enai — Cannot obtain; impossible to achieve or acquire.

主張

shuchou — Claim; assertion; strongly stating one's position.

した

shita — Did; past tense of suru indicating completed action.

もちろん

mochiron — Of course; naturally; without doubt or question.

それぞれ

sorezore — Each; respectively; every one individually.

固有

koyuu — Unique; inherent; belonging exclusively to something.

現れ方

araware kata — Manner of appearing; way something manifests itself.

だ

da — Is; informal copula asserting a state or identity.

さらに

sarani — Furthermore; moreover; in addition to that.

以外

igai — Other than; except for; excluding something.

善い

yoi — Good; morally virtuous or beneficial in nature.

なく

naku — Without; not being; connective negative form.

悪い

warui — Bad; wrong; morally or qualitatively negative.

ない

nai — Not; does not exist; negation of existence.

健康

kenkou — Health; a state of physical well-being.

病気

byouki — Illness; disease; a state of poor health.

富

tomi — Wealth; riches; abundance of material possessions.

貧困

hinkon — Poverty; a state of lacking material resources.

快楽

kairaku — Pleasure; enjoyment; a sense of sensory delight.

苦痛

kutsuu — Pain; suffering; physical or mental distress.

一般

ippan — General; common; typical among the wider public.

善

zen — Good; virtue; moral goodness as a concept.

または

mata wa — Or; alternatively; presenting another option.

悪

aku — Evil; badness; moral or ethical wrongness.

呼ばれる

yobareru — To be called; to be referred to by name.

外的

gaiteki — External; relating to outside conditions or factors.

賢者

kenja — Wise person; sage; one possessing great wisdom.

にとって

ni totte — For; from the perspective of a person.

無差別

musabetsu — Indifferent; making no distinction; without discrimination.

これら

korera — These; referring to nearby or just mentioned items.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.

働きうる

hataraki uru — Can function; able to operate or act within.

領域

ryouiki — Domain; territory; a field or sphere of activity.

過ぎない

suginai — Nothing more than; merely; only to that extent.

理想的

risouteki — Ideal; perfect; conforming to the highest standard.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all possible; without exception.

点

ten — Point; aspect; a particular feature or regard.

自足

jisoku — Self-sufficiency; being content with what one has.

している

shite iru — Is doing; ongoing action or current state.

そして

soshite — And; then; connecting sentences or continuing thought.

知る

shiru — To know; to be aware of or informed about.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does or possesses something.

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; emphasizing an extreme case.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue; to keep doing something without stopping.

あろう

arou — Would be; volitional or presumptive form of aru.