Meditations — Page 12

Vocabulary

ストア

sutoa — Stoic (philosophy school of ancient Greece/Rome)

派

ha — faction, school of thought, sect

の

no — possessive or nominalizing particle

哲学者

tetsugakusha — philosopher, one who studies philosophy

中

naka — inside, among, in the middle of

で

de — particle indicating location, means, or context

自分

jibun — oneself, one's own self

こそ

koso — emphatic particle meaning 'precisely' or 'indeed'

が

ga — subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

この

kono — this (referring to nearby noun)

賢者

kenja — wise person, sage, philosopher

ある

aru — to exist, to be (for inanimate things)

と

to — quotation particle; also means 'and', 'with'

主張

shuchō — claim, assertion, argument, insistence

し

shi — conjunctive form of suru (to do)

た

ta — past tense auxiliary verb

者

mono / sha — person, one who does something

は

wa — topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar

おそらく

osoraku — probably, perhaps, most likely

一人

hitori — one person, alone

も

mo — also, even, not even (with negatives)

い

i — stem of iru (to exist, for animate beings)

なかった

nakatta — did not exist, was not (past negative)

それぞれ

sorezore — each, respectively, individually

キリスト

kirisuto — Christ; refers to Jesus Christ

教徒

kyōto — religious believer, follower of a religion

へ

e — directional particle meaning toward or to

類似

ruiji — resemblance, similarity, likeness

を

wo — object-marking particle in Japanese grammar

目指す

mezasu — to aim for, to target, to aspire toward

同じ

onaji — same, identical, equal

よう

yō — manner, way; appears like, seems

に

ni — particle indicating direction, time, purpose

それ

sore — that (thing), it

理想

risō — ideal, perfect standard to strive toward

て

te — conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

追い求め

oimotome — to pursue, to chase after (a goal)

しかし

shikashi — however, but, nevertheless

における

ni okeru — in, within, pertaining to (formal usage)

誇張

kochō — exaggeration, overstatement, hyperbole

あまりにも

amari ni mo — too much, excessively, overly so

明白

meihaku — obvious, evident, clear, manifest

あった

atta — there was, existed (past tense of aru)

ため

tame — because of, for the sake of, due to

後期

kōki — later period, latter stage, second half

無関心

mukanshin — indifference, apathy, lack of concern

な

na — adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

もの

mono — thing, object, matter; nominalization suffix

さらに

sara ni — furthermore, additionally, even more

望ましい

nozomashii — desirable, preferable, wished for

望ましく

nozomashiku — adverbial form of desirable; not desirable (with ない)

ない

nai — not, does not exist, negative ending

細分化

saibunka — subdivision, classification into finer categories

せ

se — causative stem form of suru (to make do)

ざる

zaru — archaic negative form; combined as ざるを得ない

得

e — can, able to; in ざるを得ない: cannot avoid

なく

naku — without, not having (conjunctive negative form)

なった

natta — became, turned into (past tense of naru)

彼ら

karera — they, them (third person plural)

また

mata — also, again, moreover

完全

kanzen — complete, perfect, flawless

知恵

chie — wisdom, intelligence, wit

達し

tasshi — to reach, to attain, to achieve (conjunctive form)

にとって

ni totte — for, from the perspective of, to (someone)

種

shurui / tane — kind, type, sort, species

行為

kōi — act, action, deed, conduct

適切

tekisetsu — appropriate, suitable, proper, fitting

これら

korera — these (plural demonstrative pronoun)

徳

toku — virtue, moral excellence, good character

わけ

wake — reason, meaning; indicates logical consequence

でも

demo — but, however; even (particle)

悪徳

akutoku — vice, immorality, wickedness

同様

dōyō — same, similar, likewise, in the same way

中間

chūkan — middle, intermediate, in between

位置

ichi — position, location, place, rank

占め

shime — to occupy, to hold (a position or place)

哲学

tetsugaku — philosophy, the study of fundamental questions

体系

taikei — system, structure, organized framework

において

ni oite — in, at, regarding (formal written expression)

特に

toku ni — especially, particularly, in particular

言及

genkyū — mention, reference, bringing up a topic

値する

atai suru — to be worth, to deserve, to merit

二つ

futatsu — two (things), a pair

点

ten — point, aspect, dot, score

一つ

hitotsu — one (thing), one of something

我々

wareware — we, us (formal first person plural)

力

chikara — power, strength, ability, force

及ぶ

oyobu — to reach, to extend, to amount to

こと

koto — thing, matter, fact (nominalizer)

及ば

oyoba — does not reach; negative stem of oyobu

間

aida / ma — interval, between, during, space

慎重

shinchō — careful, cautious, prudent, discreet

区別

kubetsu — distinction, difference, differentiation

欲望

yokubō — desire, craving, appetite, lust

嫌悪

ken'o — disgust, aversion, hatred, loathing

意見

iken — opinion, view, thought on a matter

愛情

aijō — love, affection, tender feelings for someone

意志

ishi — will, volition, determination, intention

範囲内

han'i nai — within the range, scope, or boundaries

健康

kenkō — health, good physical condition, wellness

富

tomi — wealth, riches, fortune, abundance

名誉

meiyo — honor, glory, prestige, reputation

その他

sono ta — other, the rest, et cetera

そのような

sono yōna — such, that kind of, like that

一般的

ippanteki — general, common, typical, universal

そう

sō — so, that way, like that, indeed

自ら

mizukara — oneself, by oneself, personally

制御

seigyo — control, regulation, command, management

導く

michibiku — to guide, to lead, to direct someone

宇宙

uchū — universe, cosmos, outer space

神

kami — god, deity, divine being, spirit

摂理

setsuri — providence, divine order, natural law

によって

ni yotte — by means of, due to, depending on

導か

michibika — passive/causative stem of michibiku (to lead)

れ

re — passive auxiliary verb form

支配

shihai — rule, control, domination, governance

さ

sa — nominalizer suffix; passive auxiliary element

れる

reru — passive or potential auxiliary verb

または

mata wa — or, either, alternatively

主導

shudō — leadership, initiative, taking the lead

原理

genri — principle, fundamental law, basic theory

もと

moto — basis, foundation, under (the principle of)

自己

jiko — self, oneself, ego (formal)

全

zen — all, entire, whole, total

存在

sonzai — existence, being, presence

もたらす

motarasu — to bring about, to cause, to produce

求め

motome — to seek, to request, to desire (stem form)

られ

rare — passive/potential auxiliary conjugation form

これ

kore — this (thing), this here

ギリシャ

girisha — Greece, the country in southeastern Europe

人

hito / jin — person, human being, people

好ん

kokon — liked, favored (conjunctive stem of 好む)

だ

da — copula meaning 'is', 'are' (plain form)

節制

sessei — moderation, temperance, self-restraint

特別

tokubetsu — special, particular, extraordinary

応用

ōyō — application, practical use, applied study

あり

ari — there is, exists (conjunctive form of ある)

教

kyō — religion, teaching, doctrine, faith

倫理

rinri — ethics, morality, moral principles

にも

ni mo — also in, even in (combination particle)

概念

gainen — concept, notion, abstract idea

見

mi — to see, to look; stem form of miru

られる

rareru — can be seen; passive/potential verb form

第二

daini — second, number two, the second one

統一性

tōitsusei — unity, uniformity, coherence, oneness

および

oyobi — and, as well as (formal conjunction)

偉大

idai — great, grand, magnificent, eminent

全体

zentai — whole, entirety, the whole thing

一部

ichibu — a part, a portion, one section

として

to shite — as, in the capacity of, as a role

人間

ningen — human being, person, humanity

義務

gimu — duty, obligation, responsibility

対する

tai suru — toward, against, in relation to

強い

tsuyoi — strong, powerful, intense, robust