Meditations — Page 4

Vocabulary

စစ်ပွဲများ

sit pwè myá — Wars or military battles, plural form

၏

è — Possessive or genitive grammatical particle

အသေးစိတ်

a thè hsait — Detailed information or specific particulars

အချက်အလက်

a hkyat a lɛt — Facts, data, or information

များကို

myá gò — Plural object marker particle combination

နောက်လိုက်

nout lite — Follower, attendant, or supporter

လေ့လာရန်

lèh la yan — In order to study or learn

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kyunò tò — We, us; formal first-person plural pronoun

တွင်

twìn — In, at, within; locative particle

နည်းလမ်း

nè lán — Method, way, or approach to something

မရှိ

ma shì — Does not exist, there is none

သို့သော်

tho thò — However, but; concessive conjunction

ဤမျှ

ì myá — This much, to this extent

တော့

tò — Particle indicating contrast or topic shift

သေချာ

thè ja — Certain, sure, definite

သည်မှာ

thì hmà — As for; topic-marking copular phrase

နောက်ဆုံး

nout hsóun — Last, final, most recent

ရောမ

yàwma — Rome; the ancient city and empire

တို့သည်

tò thì — They are; plural subject marker

တောရိုင်း

tò yaín — Wild, savage, uncivilized; relating to wilderness

လူမျိုးစု

lù myó zu — Ethnic group or tribe

တိုက်ဖျက်

tite hpyet — To attack and destroy, demolish

ရာတွင်

yà twìn — In the matter of, in doing so

အောင်မြင်

àun myìn — Successful, victorious, to succeed

ကာ

kà — Gerundive particle linking clauses

နိုင်ငံတော်

nàin ngàn dò — The state, nation; formal term for country

ကို

gò — Object marker or directional particle

ပို၍

pò yway — More, even more, increasingly

ခိုင်မြဲ

khaín myè — Firm, stable, solid, steadfast

စေသော

sè thò — Causative relative clause marker, causing

ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး

nyèin chán yè — Peace; the state of being at peace

စီမံချက်

sì mán hkyat — Plan, program, or scheme

တစ်ရပ်

tit yat — One plan or one particular matter

ဖြစ်ပေါ်

hpyit pò — To arise, occur, come into being

စေခဲ့

sè gɛ̀ — Caused to happen; past causative verb

သည်

thì — Present tense or topic marker particle

ကိုယ်တိုင်

kò daín — Oneself, personally, by oneself

စစ်ဦးစီးချုပ်

sit ú sí choat — Commander-in-chief of military forces

ဖြစ်ပြီး

hpyit pì — Being, having become; sequential connector

အောင်ပွဲ

àun pwè — Victory celebration or triumph

ဗိုလ်မှူး

bò hmú — Military commander, major or captain

များ

myá — Plural marker; many, numerous

ရွေးချယ်

ywè chɛ̀ — To choose, select, pick

ပြသ

pyà tha — To show, demonstrate, display

သော

thò — Relative clause marker particle

သူ၏

thú è — His, belonging to him; possessive

ဉာဏ်ပညာ

nyán pyìñà — Wisdom, intelligence, knowledge

ကြောင့်

kyàun — Because of, due to; causal particle

သာမဟုတ်

thà ma hote — Not only; used in not only...but constructions

ဘဲ

bɛ̀ — Without doing; negative manner particle

ကိစ္စ

keiʔsa — Matter, affair, issue, case

ထင်ရှား

htìn shá — Famous, prominent, distinguished, notable

စွာ

swà — Adverbial suffix meaning in a manner

ဖော်ပြ

hpò pyà — To show, reveal, express, indicate

သည့်

thì — Relative clause particle modifying nouns

အတိုင်း

a taín — According to, as, in accordance with

ကိုယ်ပိုင်

kò paín — Own, personal, one's own

စွမ်းရည်

swún yè — Ability, capability, skill, capacity

ပါ

pà — Polite or inclusive sentence particle

ဖြစ်သည်

hpyit thì — Is, to be; copular verb

ဤ

ì — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby

စစ်ပွဲ

sit pwè — War, battle, military conflict

များတွင်

myá twìn — Among, within several things

အရေးကြီး

a yè kí — Important, significant, crucial

တိုက်ပွဲ

tite pwè — Battle, combat, fight

များစွာ

myá swà — Many, a great number of, numerous

ဖြစ်ပွား

hpyit pwá — To occur, happen, take place

ခဲ့

gɛ̀ — Past tense auxiliary verb marker

ပြီး

pì — After completing; sequential or perfective marker

၎င်းတို့

thìnjí tò — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

အနက်

a nat — Among, out of; meaning or significance

တစ်ပွဲ

tit pwè — One battle or one event

မိုးကြိုး

mó kyo — Lightning, thunderbolt

တပ်သား

tat thá — Soldier, military enlisted person

တပ်ရင်း

tat yìn — Military battalion or regiment

နှင့်

hnìn — And, with; conjunctive particle

ပတ်သက်

pat thɛt — Related to, connected with, concerning

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dàndàyì — Legend, myth, folklore

နာမည်ကြီး

nàmè kí — Famous, well-known, renowned

လာခဲ့

là gɛ̀ — Came; past tense of to come

ခုနှစ်

khu hnit — Year; used after numbers for years

တို့

tò — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One thing, a single item

ရန်သူ

yan thù — Enemy, foe, adversary

ဘက်

bɛt — Side, direction, faction

အားသာ

á thà — To have an advantage, be superior

နေသည်

nè thì — Is staying, currently doing; continuative verb

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning said or that

ထင်ရ

htìn ya — Appears to be, seems, is perceived

အချိန်

a chéin — Time, period, moment

မိုး

mó — Rain, sky, heavens

သည်းထန်

thìn htan — Severe, intense, heavy, violent

မုန်တိုင်း

mon taín — Storm, tempest, violent weather

ကြီး

kí — Big, large, great; intensifier

ရုတ်တရက်

yoat ta yat — Suddenly, abruptly, all at once

ပေါ်ပေါက်

pò pout — To appear, emerge, arise suddenly

လာကာ

là kà — Came and; sequential clause connector

မိုးပြက်စီး

mó pyat sí — Lightning strike hitting something

သူများကို

thù myá gò — Those people; plural object reference

ဆန့်ကျင်

sàn chìn — To oppose, resist, go against

ကြောက်ရွံ့

kyout ywùn — Afraid, frightened, scared

စေပြီး

sè pì — Caused and then; causative sequential

သူတို့

thú tò — They, them; third-person plural

ထွက်ပြေး

htwet pyé — To flee, run away, escape

သွားကြ

thwá kyà — They went; plural past action verb

နောင်

nòun — Future, later, afterward

ကာလ

kàla — Period, era, time span

ခရစ်ယာန်

khayit yán — Christian; relating to Christianity

ပါဝင်

pà wìn — To participate, include, be part of

တစ်ရင်း

tit yìn — One unit or battalion; together

ဆုတောင်း

hsù tàun — To pray, make a wish or prayer

ခြင်း

chìn — Nominalizer particle forming verbal nouns

ဖြေကြား

hpyè kyá — To answer, respond, reply

အားဖြင့်

á hpyìn — By means of, through, by way of

ပေးပို့

pè po — To send, deliver, transmit

ဆိုကြ

hsò kyà — They say; plural saying verb

၎င်း

thìnjí — It, that; third-person formal pronoun

ဟူသော

hú thò — Which is called, known as

အမည်

a mì — Name, title of a person or thing

အား

á — Object or emphasis particle; strength

ပေးသင့်

pè thìn — Should give; obligation verb combination

ဘွဲ့

bwɛ̀ — Title, degree, honor, epithet

ယင်း

yìn — That, those; demonstrative pronoun

ထက်

htat — Than, more than; comparative particle

ပို

pò — More, to a greater degree

စောသော

sò thò — Earlier, sooner; relative clause form

ကတည်းက

ga dè ga — Since, from that time onward

သိရှိ

thì shì — To know, be aware of, understand

နှင့်ပြီး

hnìn pì — And having done; connective sequential

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be, become, occur

သောကြောင့်

thò kyàun — Because, therefore; causal connector

ဇာတ်လမ်း

zat lán — Story, narrative, tale, plot

အပိုင်း

a paín — Part, section, portion

အနည်းဆုံး

a nè hsóun — At least, minimum

မှန်ကန်

hmàn kan — Correct, accurate, right, proper

နိုင်မည်

naín mì — Will be able to, can; future ability

မဟုတ်

ma hote — Is not, not; negation of to be

အကူအညီ

a kú a nyì — Help, assistance, support, aid

အထိမ်းအမှတ်

a htéin a hmat — Commemoration, memorial, mark of remembrance

ပြုသော

pyù thò — Which does or makes; relative clause form

ရောမမြို့

yàwma myò — The city of Rome

ရှိ

shì — To exist, have, be present

ကျောက်တိုင်

kyout taín — Stone pillar, column, stele

ပေါ်

pò — On top of, upon, above; on surface

တင်ဆောင်

tìn sàun — To carry, transport, convey, bear

ထားသော

htá thò — Which has been placed; resultative relative

မြင်ကွင်း

myìn kwín — Scene, view, visual field, scenery

၌

hnìt — At, in, within; formal locative particle

ထားသည်

htá thì — Has been placed or kept; resultative

အသိအမှတ်

a thì a hmat — Recognition, acknowledgment, official acceptance

ပြု

pyù — To do, make, perform, act

ပြဿနာ

pyathnà — Problem, issue, difficulty, trouble

ပြီးနောက်

pì nout — After, following, subsequent to

ပြုလုပ်

pyù loat — To do, perform, carry out, make

ခဲ့သော

gɛ̀ thò — Past relative clause marker, which happened

အရှေ့ဘက်

a shè bɛt — Eastern side, east direction

မမျှော်လင့်

ma myò lìn — Unexpected, not anticipated, unforeseen

အုံကြွ

òun kyù — Uprising, rebellion, revolt

မှု

hmù — Nominalizer suffix creating abstract nouns

မပေါ်ပေါက်

ma pò pout — Did not appear or occur; negative

ခဲ့ပါက

gɛ̀ pà ga — If it had happened; past conditional

မို၍

mò yway — Because of, owing to; causal particle

ကျေနပ်ဖွယ်

kyè nat hpwè — Satisfactory, pleasing, worthy of satisfaction

ကောင်း

káun — Good, fine, excellent, well

နိုင်ခဲ့

naín gɛ̀ — Was able to, managed to; past ability