Meditations — Page 3
Ceionius Commodus, whom Antoninus had adopted as a younger son at the same time with Marcus, giving him the name of Lucius Aurelius Verus.
Ceionius Commodus, que Antonino havia adotado como filho mais novo ao mesmo tempo que Marco, dando-lhe o nome de Lúcio Aurélio Vero.
Henceforth the two are colleagues in the empire, the junior being trained as it were to succeed.
A partir de então, os dois são colegas no império, sendo o mais jovem treinado como se fosse para suceder.
No sooner was Marcus settled upon the throne than wars broke out on all sides.
Mal Marco se estabeleceu no trono, guerras eclodiram em todos os lados.
In the east, Vologeses III. of Parthia began a long-meditated revolt by destroying a whole Roman Legion and invading Syria (162).
No oriente, Vologeses III da Pártia iniciou uma revolta longamente meditada, destruindo uma legião romana inteira e invadindo a Síria (162).
Verus was sent off in hot haste to quell this rising; and he fulfilled his trust by plunging into drunkenness and debauchery, while the war was left to his officers.
Vero foi enviado às pressas para sufocar essa revolta; e cumpriu sua missão mergulhando na embriaguez e na devassidão, enquanto a guerra foi deixada a cargo de seus oficiais.
Soon after Marcus had to face a more serious danger at home in the coalition of several powerful tribes on the northern frontier.
Logo depois, Marco teve de enfrentar um perigo mais grave em casa, na coalizão de várias tribos poderosas na fronteira norte.
Chief among those were the Marcomanni or Marchmen, the Quadi (mentioned in this book), the Sarmatians, the Catti, the Jazyges.
Entre elas, as principais eram os Marcomanos ou Homens da Marca, os Quados (mencionados neste livro), os Sármatas, os Catos e os Jazigas.
In Rome itself there was pestilence and starvation, the one brought from the east by Verus's legions, the other caused by floods which had destroyed vast quantities of grain.
Na própria Roma havia pestilência e fome, a primeira trazida do oriente pelas legiões de Vero, a segunda causada por inundações que haviam destruído vastas quantidades de grãos.
After all had been done possible to allay famine and to supply pressing needs--Marcus being forced even to sell the imperial jewels to find money--both emperors set forth to a struggle which was to continue more or less during the rest of Marcus's reign.
Depois de se ter feito tudo o possível para aliviar a fome e suprir as necessidades urgentes — sendo Marco obrigado até mesmo a vender as joias imperiais para obter dinheiro —, ambos os imperadores partiram para uma luta que haveria de continuar, de certa forma, durante o restante do reinado de Marco.
During these wars, in 169, Verus died.
Durante essas guerras, em 169, Vero morreu.
Vocabulary
- que
- Conjunction meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'who.'
- havia
- Past tense of 'haver,' meaning 'had' or 'there was.'
- adotado
- Past participle of 'adotar,' meaning 'adopted.'
- como
- Preposition or conjunction meaning 'as' or 'like.'
- filho
- Noun meaning 'son' or 'child.'
- mais
- Adverb or adjective meaning 'more' or 'most.'
- novo
- Adjective meaning 'new' or 'young.'
- ao
- Contraction of 'a' and 'o,' meaning 'to the.'
- mesmo
- Adjective or pronoun meaning 'same' or 'even.'
- tempo
- Noun meaning 'time' or 'weather.'
- dando-lhe
- Gerund with pronoun, meaning 'giving him/her.'
- o
- Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine nouns.
- nome
- Noun meaning 'name.'
- de
- Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about.'
- A
- Preposition or article meaning 'to' or 'the.'
- partir
- Verb meaning 'to depart,' 'to leave,' or 'to start.'
- então
- Adverb meaning 'then,' 'so,' or 'at that time.'
- os
- Definite article meaning 'the' for masculine plural nouns.
- dois
- Numeral meaning 'two.'
- são
- Third person plural of 'ser,' meaning 'are.'
- colegas
- Noun meaning 'colleagues' or 'partners.'
- no
- Contraction of 'em' and 'o,' meaning 'in the.'
- império
- Noun meaning 'empire.'
- sendo
- Gerund of 'ser,' meaning 'being.'
- jovem
- Adjective or noun meaning 'young' or 'youth.'
- treinado
- Past participle of 'treinar,' meaning 'trained.'
- se
- Reflexive pronoun or conjunction meaning 'if' or 'oneself.'
- fosse
- Imperfect subjunctive of 'ser/ir,' meaning 'were' or 'went.'
- para
- Preposition meaning 'for,' 'to,' or 'in order to.'
- suceder
- Verb meaning 'to succeed' or 'to follow after.'
- Mal
- Adverb meaning 'hardly,' 'scarcely,' or 'barely.'
- estabeleceu
- Past tense of 'estabelecer,' meaning 'established.'
- trono
- Noun meaning 'throne.'
- guerras
- Plural noun meaning 'wars.'
- eclodiram
- Past tense of 'eclodir,' meaning 'broke out.'
- em
- Preposition meaning 'in,' 'at,' or 'on.'
- todos
- Pronoun or adjective meaning 'all' or 'every.'
- lados
- Plural noun meaning 'sides' or 'directions.'
- No
- Contraction of 'em' and 'o,' meaning 'in the.'
- oriente
- Noun meaning 'east' or 'orient.'
- da
- Contraction of 'de' and 'a,' meaning 'of the.'
- iniciou
- Past tense of 'iniciar,' meaning 'began' or 'started.'
- uma
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one' feminine.
- revolta
- Noun meaning 'revolt' or 'uprising.'
- longamente
- Adverb meaning 'for a long time' or 'at length.'
- meditada
- Past participle of 'meditar,' meaning 'pondered' or 'planned.
- destruindo
- Gerund of 'destruir,' meaning 'destroying.'
- legião
- Noun meaning 'legion,' a Roman military unit.
- romana
- Adjective meaning 'Roman,' relating to Rome.
- inteira
- Adjective meaning 'entire' or 'whole.'
- e
- Conjunction meaning 'and.'
- invadindo
- Gerund of 'invadir,' meaning 'invading.'
- a
- Definite article or preposition meaning 'the' or 'to.'
- foi
- Past tense of 'ser/ir,' meaning 'was' or 'went.'
- enviado
- Past participle of 'enviar,' meaning 'sent.'
- às
- Contraction of 'a' and 'as,' meaning 'to the' feminine plural.
- pressas
- Noun meaning 'haste'; 'às pressas' means 'in a hurry.'
- sufocar
- Verb meaning 'to suppress,' 'to stifle,' or 'to crush.'
- essa
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' feminine singular.
- cumpriu
- Past tense of 'cumprir,' meaning 'fulfilled' or 'carried out.'
- sua
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its.'
- missão
- Noun meaning 'mission' or 'assignment.'
- mergulhando
- Gerund of 'mergulhar,' meaning 'plunging into' or 'diving.
- na
- Contraction of 'em' and 'a,' meaning 'in the.'
- embriaguez
- Noun meaning 'drunkenness' or 'intoxication.'
- devassidão
- Noun meaning 'debauchery' or 'licentiousness.'
- enquanto
- Conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas.'
- guerra
- Noun meaning 'war.'
- deixada
- Past participle of 'deixar,' meaning 'left' or 'abandoned.'
- cargo
- Noun meaning 'charge,' 'responsibility,' or 'office.'
- seus
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'their' plural.
- oficiais
- Plural noun meaning 'officers' or 'officials.'
- Logo
- Adverb meaning 'soon,' 'then,' or 'right away.'
- depois
- Adverb meaning 'after' or 'afterwards.'
- teve
- Past tense of 'ter,' meaning 'had' or 'had to.'
- enfrentar
- Verb meaning 'to face' or 'to confront.'
- um
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one' masculine.
- perigo
- Noun meaning 'danger' or 'peril.'
- grave
- Adjective meaning 'serious,' 'severe,' or 'grave.'
- casa
- Noun meaning 'house' or 'home.'
- coalizão
- Noun meaning 'coalition' or 'alliance.'
- várias
- Adjective meaning 'various' or 'several' feminine plural.
- tribos
- Plural noun meaning 'tribes.'
- poderosas
- Adjective meaning 'powerful' or 'mighty' feminine plural.
- fronteira
- Noun meaning 'border' or 'frontier.'
- norte
- Noun meaning 'north.'
- Entre
- Preposition meaning 'between' or 'among.'
- elas
- Personal pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them' feminine.
- as
- Definite article meaning 'the' for feminine plural nouns.
- principais
- Adjective meaning 'main,' 'principal,' or 'chief.'
- eram
- Imperfect past of 'ser,' meaning 'were.'
- ou
- Conjunction meaning 'or.'
- Homens
- Plural noun meaning 'men' or 'people.'
- Marca
- Noun meaning 'mark,' 'border,' or 'march.'
- mencionados
- Past participle of 'mencionar,' meaning 'mentioned.'
- neste
- Contraction of 'em' and 'este,' meaning 'in this.'
- livro
- Noun meaning 'book.'
- Na
- Contraction of 'em' and 'a,' meaning 'in the.'
- própria
- Adjective meaning 'own,' 'very,' or 'itself' feminine.
- pestilência
- Noun meaning 'pestilence' or 'plague.'
- fome
- Noun meaning 'hunger' or 'famine.'
- primeira
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'first' feminine.
- trazida
- Past participle of 'trazer,' meaning 'brought.'
- do
- Contraction of 'de' and 'o,' meaning 'from the' or 'of the.'
- pelas
- Contraction of 'por' and 'as,' meaning 'by the' feminine plural.
- legiões
- Plural noun meaning 'legions,' Roman military units.
- segunda
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'second' feminine.
- causada
- Past participle of 'causar,' meaning 'caused.'
- por
- Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through.'
- inundações
- Plural noun meaning 'floods' or 'inundations.'
- haviam
- Past tense of 'haver,' meaning 'had' third person plural.
- destruído
- Past participle of 'destruir,' meaning 'destroyed.'
- vastas
- Adjective meaning 'vast' or 'enormous' feminine plural.
- quantidades
- Plural noun meaning 'quantities' or 'amounts.'
- grãos
- Plural noun meaning 'grains' or 'cereals.'
- Depois
- Adverb or preposition meaning 'after' or 'afterwards.'
- ter
- Verb meaning 'to have.'
- feito
- Past participle of 'fazer,' meaning 'done' or 'made.'
- tudo
- Pronoun meaning 'everything' or 'all.'
- possível
- Adjective meaning 'possible.'
- aliviar
- Verb meaning 'to relieve' or 'to alleviate.'
- suprir
- Verb meaning 'to supply,' 'to provide,' or 'to meet.'
- necessidades
- Plural noun meaning 'needs' or 'necessities.'
- urgentes
- Adjective meaning 'urgent' or 'pressing' plural.
- obrigado
- Adjective meaning 'obliged' or 'forced'; also 'thank you.'
- até
- Preposition or adverb meaning 'until,' 'even,' or 'up to.'
- vender
- Verb meaning 'to sell.'
- joias
- Plural noun meaning 'jewels' or 'jewelry.'
- imperiais
- Adjective meaning 'imperial' plural.
- obter
- Verb meaning 'to obtain' or 'to get.'
- dinheiro
- Noun meaning 'money.'
- ambos
- Pronoun or adjective meaning 'both.'
- imperadores
- Plural noun meaning 'emperors.'
- partiram
- Past tense of 'partir,' meaning 'departed' or 'left.'
- luta
- Noun meaning 'fight,' 'struggle,' or 'battle.'
- haveria
- Conditional of 'haver,' meaning 'there would be.'
- continuar
- Verb meaning 'to continue' or 'to carry on.'
- certa
- Adjective meaning 'certain' or 'some' feminine.
- forma
- Noun meaning 'form,' 'way,' or 'manner.'
- durante
- Preposition meaning 'during' or 'throughout.'
- restante
- Adjective or noun meaning 'remaining' or 'the rest.'
- reinado
- Noun meaning 'reign' or 'rule.'
- Durante
- Preposition meaning 'during' or 'throughout.'
- essas
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those' feminine plural.
- morreu
- Past tense of 'morrer,' meaning 'died.'
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