Meditations — Page 8

Vocabulary

Mas

Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing a contrast.

pelo

Contraction of 'por' and 'o', meaning 'by the'.

seu

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'your'.

próprio

Adjective meaning 'own' or 'proper', emphasizing identity.

tom

Noun meaning 'tone', referring to manner of expression.

ao

Contraction of 'a' and 'o', meaning 'to the' or 'upon'.

falar

Verb meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'.

dos

Contraction of 'de' and 'os', meaning 'of the' (plural).

cristãos

Noun meaning 'Christians', followers of Christianity.

fica

Verb 'ficar' conjugated, meaning 'it becomes' or 'it is clear'.

claro

Adjective meaning 'clear' or 'evident', obvious to understand.

que

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that' or 'which'.

ele

Personal pronoun meaning 'he', referring to a male subject.

os

Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'them' (masculine plural).

conhecia

Verb 'conhecer' in imperfect, meaning 'he knew' or 'was acquainted with'.

apenas

Adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', limiting a statement.

por

Preposition meaning 'by', 'through', or 'for'.

calúnia

Noun meaning 'slander' or 'false accusation against someone.

e

Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

não

Adverb meaning 'not' or 'no', expressing negation.

ouvimos

Verb 'ouvir' conjugated, meaning 'we heard' or 'we hear'.

de

Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'.

nenhuma

Pronoun/adjective meaning 'none' or 'no' (feminine singular).

medida

Noun meaning 'measure' or 'step taken' to address something.

tomada

Past participle of 'tomar', meaning 'taken', as in action taken.

sequer

Adverb meaning 'even' or 'so much as', used in negation.

para

Preposition meaning 'for', 'to', or 'in order to'.

garantir

Verb meaning 'to guarantee' or 'to ensure' something happens.

eles

Personal pronoun meaning 'they', referring to a group.

tivessem

Subjunctive past of 'ter', meaning 'they had' (hypothetically).

uma

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine singular).

audiência

Noun meaning 'hearing' or 'audience' in a legal context.

justa

Adjective meaning 'fair' or 'just', describing equitable treatment.

Nesse

Demonstrative contraction meaning 'in that' (masculine singular).

aspecto

Noun meaning 'aspect' or 'respect', referring to a particular point.

foi

Verb 'ser/ir' in past, meaning 'was' or 'went'.

melhor

Adjective/adverb meaning 'better', comparative of 'bom/bem'.

do

Contraction of 'de' and 'o', meaning 'of the' (masculine singular).

Para

Preposition meaning 'for' or 'to', indicating purpose or direction.

mente

Noun meaning 'mind', referring to the faculty of thought.

reflexiva

Adjective meaning 'reflective' or 'contemplative', prone to deep thinking.

religião

Noun meaning 'religion', organized system of spiritual belief.

como

Conjunction/adverb meaning 'as', 'like', or 'how'.

a

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).

proporcionaria

Conditional of 'proporcionar', meaning 'would provide' or 'would offer'.

escassa

Adjective meaning 'scarce' or 'little', indicating insufficient amount.

satisfação

Noun meaning 'satisfaction', feeling of fulfillment or contentment.

As

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine plural).

suas

Possessive pronoun meaning 'their', 'her', or 'your' (feminine plural).

lendas

Noun meaning 'legends' or 'myths', traditional stories often unverified.

eram

Imperfect of 'ser', meaning 'were', describing past states.

frequentemente

Adverb meaning 'frequently' or 'often', indicating regularity.

pueris

Adjective meaning 'childish' or 'puerile', immature and trivial.

ou

Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative option.

impossíveis

Adjective meaning 'impossible', not able to occur or exist.

seus

Possessive pronoun meaning 'their', 'his', or 'your' (masculine plural).

ensinamentos

Noun meaning 'teachings' or 'doctrines' passed down as instruction.

tinham

Imperfect of 'ter', meaning 'they had' in past continuous sense.

pouco

Adjective/adverb meaning 'little' or 'few', indicating small quantity.

ver

Verb meaning 'to see' or 'to do with', relating to something.

com

Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment or association.

moralidade

Noun meaning 'morality', principles distinguishing right from wrong.

A

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).

romana

Adjective meaning 'Roman', relating to Rome or its culture.

era

Imperfect of 'ser', meaning 'was', describing a past state.

facto

Noun meaning 'fact', something known to be true or real.

da

Contraction of 'de' and 'a', meaning 'of the' (feminine singular).

natureza

Noun meaning 'nature', the natural world or essential character.

um

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine singular).

negócio

Noun meaning 'business' or 'deal', a commercial or practical transaction.

homens

Noun meaning 'men' or 'people', referring to human beings.

pagavam

Imperfect of 'pagar', meaning 'they paid' or 'used to pay'.

certos

Adjective meaning 'certain' or 'specific', referring to particular things.

sacrifícios

Noun meaning 'sacrifices', offerings made to deities in ritual worship.

ritos

Noun meaning 'rites' or 'rituals', formal religious ceremonies.

deuses

Noun meaning 'gods', divine beings worshipped in polytheistic religions.

concediam

Imperfect of 'conceder', meaning 'they granted' or 'used to grant'.

o

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).

favor

Noun meaning 'favor', goodwill or approval granted by someone.

independentemente

Adverb meaning 'independently' or 'regardless of' any other factor.

certo

Adjective meaning 'right' or 'correct', morally or factually accurate.

errado

Adjective meaning 'wrong' or 'incorrect', morally or factually mistaken.

Neste

Demonstrative contraction meaning 'in this' (masculine singular).

caso

Noun meaning 'case' or 'situation', a particular instance or circumstance.

todas

Adjective/pronoun meaning 'all' (feminine plural), every one included.

as

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine plural).

almas

Noun meaning 'souls', the spiritual or inner essence of beings.

devotas

Adjective meaning 'devout' or 'pious', deeply committed to religion.

remetidas

Past participle of 'remeter', meaning 'referred' or 'directed' elsewhere.

filosofia

Noun meaning 'philosophy', study of fundamental questions about existence.

tal

Adjective/pronoun meaning 'such' or 'that', indicating a similar thing.

sido

Past participle of 'ser', meaning 'been', used in perfect tenses.

embora

Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though', introducing concession.

em

Preposition meaning 'in', 'at', or 'on', indicating location or time.

menor

Adjective meaning 'lesser' or 'smaller', comparative of 'pequeno'.

grau

Noun meaning 'degree' or 'extent', indicating level or measure.

na

Contraction of 'em' and 'a', meaning 'in the' (feminine singular).

No

Contraction of 'em' and 'o', meaning 'in the' (masculine singular).

início

Noun meaning 'beginning' or 'start', the early phase of something.

império

Noun meaning 'empire', a large dominion ruled by an emperor.

existiam

Imperfect of 'existir', meaning 'there existed' or 'they used to exist'.

duas

Numeral meaning 'two' (feminine form), indicating a pair.

escolas

Noun meaning 'schools', here referring to schools of philosophical thought.

rivais

Adjective/noun meaning 'rival', competing against each other.

dividiam

Imperfect of 'dividir', meaning 'they divided' or 'used to divide'.

praticamente

Adverb meaning 'practically' or 'almost entirely', nearly completely.

campo

Noun meaning 'field', here referring to a domain or sphere of activity.

entre

Preposition meaning 'between' or 'among', indicating a relation.

si

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'each other'.

Estoicismo

Noun meaning 'Stoicism', ancient philosophy emphasizing reason and virtue.

Epicurismo

Noun meaning 'Epicureanism', philosophy valuing pleasure and tranquility.

O

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).

ideal

Noun/adjective meaning 'ideal', a standard or model of perfection.

proposto

Past participle of 'propor', meaning 'proposed' or 'put forward'.

cada

Adjective meaning 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items.

nominalmente

Adverb meaning 'nominally', in name or appearance but not in reality.

muito

Adverb/adjective meaning 'very' or 'much', indicating great degree.

semelhante

Adjective meaning 'similar' or 'alike', sharing common characteristics.

Os

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine plural).

estóicos

Noun meaning 'Stoics', followers of Stoic philosophy emphasizing virtue.

aspiravam

Imperfect of 'aspirar', meaning 'they aspired to' or 'aimed for'.

à

Contraction of 'a' and 'a', meaning 'to the' (feminine singular).

repressão

Noun meaning 'repression' or 'suppression' of feelings or actions.

toda

Adjective meaning 'all' or 'every' (feminine singular), entirely.

emoção

Noun meaning 'emotion', a feeling or affective state of mind.

epicuristas

Noun meaning 'Epicureans', followers of Epicurus seeking tranquility.

liberdade

Noun meaning 'freedom' or 'liberty', absence of constraint or restriction.

perturbação

Noun meaning 'disturbance' or 'agitation', disruption of calm state.

contudo

Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'nevertheless', introducing a contrast.

no

Contraction of 'em' and 'o', meaning 'in the' (masculine singular).

fim

Noun meaning 'end' or 'conclusion', the final point of something.

tornou-se

Reflexive past of 'tornar', meaning 'it became' or 'turned into'.

sinónimo

Noun meaning 'synonym', a word with a meaning identical to another.

resistência

Noun meaning 'resistance', the act of opposing or withstanding force.

obstinada

Adjective meaning 'stubborn' or 'obstinate', refusing to change.

outro

Pronoun/adjective meaning 'other' or 'another', a different one.

licença

Noun meaning 'license' or 'indulgence', permission or moral laxity.

desenfreada

Adjective meaning 'unbridled' or 'unrestrained', lacking moral control.

Com

Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment or association.

temos

Present of 'ter', meaning 'we have', indicating possession or existence.

nada

Pronoun/adverb meaning 'nothing' or 'not at all'.

agora

Adverb meaning 'now', referring to the present moment.

mas

Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing contrast or exception.

valerá

Future of 'valer', meaning 'it will be worth' doing something.

pena

Noun meaning 'worth' or 'trouble'; 'vale a pena' means 'it is worthwhile'.

esboçar

Verb meaning 'to sketch' or 'to outline', giving a brief overview.

história

Noun meaning 'history' or 'story', a narrative of past events.

princípios

Noun meaning 'principles', fundamental beliefs or rules guiding behavior.

seita

Noun meaning 'sect', a group with distinct philosophical or religious beliefs.

estóica

Adjective meaning 'Stoic', relating to the Stoic school of philosophy.

fundador

Noun meaning 'founder', one who establishes an organization or school.

nasceu

Past tense of 'nascer', meaning 'was born', indicating origin.

numa

Contraction of 'em' and 'uma', meaning 'in a' (feminine singular).

data

Noun meaning 'date', a specific point or period in time.

desconhecida

Adjective meaning 'unknown', not identified or not yet discovered.

sua

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'your' (feminine singular).

vida

Noun meaning 'life', the existence and experiences of a person.

pode

Present of 'poder', meaning 'can' or 'is able to'.

ser

Verb meaning 'to be', expressing identity or inherent characteristics.

dita

Past participle of 'dizer', meaning 'said' or 'stated'.

aproximadamente

Adverb meaning 'approximately' or 'roughly', not precisely exact.

anos

Noun meaning 'years', units of time each lasting twelve months.

a.C

Abbreviation for 'antes de Cristo', meaning 'BC' (Before Christ).