Meditations — Page 9

Vocabulary

Chipre

SHEE-preh — Cyprus, an island nation in the eastern Mediterranean

tem

teng — has; third person singular present of ter

sido

SEE-doo — been; past participle of ser

desde

DEZ-deh — since; from a particular point in time

tempos

TEM-poosh — times; periods or eras in history

imemoriais

ee-meh-moo-ree-AH-eesh — immemorial; beyond the reach of memory

um

oong — a, an; indefinite article, masculine singular

ponto

PON-too — point; a specific place or location

de

deh — of, from; common preposition indicating origin or possession

encontro

en-KON-troo — meeting, encounter; a coming together of people

entre

EN-treh — between, among; preposition indicating a middle position

o

oo — the; definite article, masculine singular

Oriente

oh-ree-EN-teh — the East; eastern regions or cultures

e

eh — and; basic coordinating conjunction

Ocidente

oh-see-DEN-teh — the West; western regions or cultures

embora

em-BOH-rah — although, even though; concessive conjunction

não

nowng — no, not; basic negation word

possamos

poh-SAH-moosh — we may; first person plural present subjunctive of poder

atribuir

ah-tree-boo-EER — to attribute; to assign a quality or cause to something

qualquer

kwahl-KEHR — any, whatever; indefinite pronoun or adjective

importância

eem-por-TAN-see-ah — importance; the quality of being significant or valuable

a

ah — to, at; preposition or feminine definite article

uma

OO-mah — a, an; indefinite article, feminine singular

possível

poh-SEE-vehl — possible; able to happen or exist

linhagem

lee-NYAH-zheng — lineage; ancestral line or descent

sangue

SAN-geh — blood; the fluid circulating in the body

nele

NEH-leh — in him, in it; contraction of em and ele

pois

poish — because, for; causal conjunction explaining a reason

os

oosh — the; definite article, masculine plural

eram

EH-rang — were; third person plural imperfect of ser

filósofos

fee-LOH-zoo-foosh — philosophers; people who study fundamental questions of existence

é

eh — is; third person singular present of ser

bastante

bash-TAN-teh — quite, enough; indicating a sufficient or considerable degree

provável

proh-VAH-vehl — probable, likely; having a good chance of happening

que

keh — that, which, who; conjunction or relative pronoun

através

ah-trah-VESH — through, across; via or by means of something

da

dah — of the; contraction of de and a

Ásia

AH-zee-ah — Asia; the largest continent on Earth

Menor

meh-NOR — Minor, Lesser; smaller or lesser in size

ele

EH-leh — he; third person masculine singular pronoun

possa

POH-sah — may, might; present subjunctive of poder

ter

tehr — to have; infinitive of the verb ter

entrado

en-TRAH-doo — entered; past participle of entrar

em

eng — in, at; basic preposition of location

contato

kon-TAH-too — contact; a connection or touch between things

com

kong — with; preposition indicating accompaniment or association

Extremo

esh-TREH-moo — extreme, far; at the utmost limit or distance

Ele

EH-leh — He; third person masculine singular pronoun

estudou

esh-too-DOH — studied; third person singular preterite of estudar

sob

sob — under, beneath; preposition indicating subordination

orientação

oh-ree-en-tah-SOWNG — guidance, orientation; direction or instruction from a mentor

do

doo — of the; contraction of de and o

cínico

SEE-nee-koo — Cynic; relating to the ancient Greek Cynic philosophy

mas

mahsh — but; adversative conjunction indicating contrast

negligenciou

neh-glee-zhen-see-OH — neglected; failed to pay attention to something

outros

OH-troosh — other, others; referring to additional or different things

sistemas

sees-TEH-mahsh — systems; organized sets of principles or methods

filosóficos

fee-loh-ZOH-fee-koosh — philosophical; relating to philosophy or its principles

Após

ah-POSH — after; following a time or event

muitos

MOO-ee-toosh — many; a large number of things

anos

AH-noosh — years; periods of twelve months

estudo

esh-TOO-doo — study; the act of learning or examining a subject

abriu

ah-BREE-oo — opened; third person singular preterite of abrir

sua

SOO-ah — his, her, its, your; possessive pronoun feminine singular

própria

PROH-pree-ah — own; belonging to oneself exclusively

escola

esh-KOH-lah — school; an institution or group for teaching

numa

NOO-mah — in a; contraction of em and uma

colunata

koh-loo-NAH-tah — colonnade; a row of columns supporting a roof

Atenas

ah-TEH-nahsh — Athens; capital city of Greece

chamada

shah-MAH-dah — called, named; past participle of chamar

Pórtico

POR-tee-koo — portico, stoa; a porch with columns at a building entrance

Pintado

peen-TAH-doo — painted; decorated or covered with paint

ou

oh — or; disjunctive conjunction indicating an alternative

deu

DEH-oo — gave; third person singular preterite of dar

aos

owsh — to the; contraction of a and os

seu

SEH-oo — his, her, its, your; possessive pronoun masculine singular

nome

NOH-meh — name; a word used to identify a person or thing

Depois

deh-POISH — after, afterwards; following in time or order

Escola

esh-KOH-lah — School; an institution or philosophical tradition

deve

DEH-veh — owes, must; third person singular present of dever

mais

mahsh — more; a greater quantity or degree

a.C.

ah-SEH — BC; before Christ, used in dates

organizou

or-gah-nee-ZOH — organized; put into a structured or systematic form

estoicismo

esh-toh-ee-SEEZh-moo — Stoicism; ancient philosophical school emphasizing reason and virtue

sistema

sees-TEH-mah — system; an organized set of ideas or principles

Sobre

SOH-breh — about, on; preposition indicating a subject or topic

se

seh — if, himself, herself; reflexive pronoun or conjunction

dizia

dee-ZEE-ah — said, used to say; imperfect of dizer

Se

seh — if; conditional conjunction

fosse

FOH-seh — were; imperfect subjunctive of ser

por

por — by, for, through; versatile Portuguese preposition

teria

teh-REE-ah — would have; conditional tense of ter

havido

ah-VEE-doo — existed, occurred; past participle of haver

Os

oosh — the; definite article, masculine plural

consideravam

kon-see-deh-RAH-vang — considered; imperfect tense of considerar

especulação

esh-peh-koo-lah-SOWNG — speculation; theoretical thinking or investigation

como

KOH-moo — as, like, how; comparison or manner word

meio

MEH-ee-oo — means, medium; a way or instrument to achieve something

para

PAH-rah — for, to, in order to; preposition of purpose

fim

feeng — end, goal, purpose; the ultimate aim of something

esse

EH-seh — that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

era

EH-rah — was; third person singular imperfect of ser

expressou

esh-preh-SOH — expressed; conveyed or communicated an idea

viver

vee-VEHR — to live; infinitive of the verb viver

forma

FOR-mah — form, way, manner; a shape or method of doing something

coerente

koo-eh-REN-teh — coherent, consistent; logically connected and harmonious

foi

foi — was, went; third person singular preterite of ser or ir

posteriormente

posh-teh-ree-or-MEN-teh — subsequently, later; at a later time or stage

explicado

esh-plee-KAH-doo — explained; past participle of explicar

conformidade

kon-for-mee-DAH-deh — conformity; agreement or compliance with a standard

natureza

nah-too-REH-zah — nature; the natural world or inherent character

Essa

EH-sah — that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective feminine

vida

VEE-dah — life; the state of being alive

ideia

ee-DEH-yah — idea; a thought or concept in the mind

estoica

esh-TOH-ee-kah — Stoic; relating to the philosophy of Stoicism

Virtude

veer-TOO-deh — virtue; moral excellence or righteous behavior

Este

EH-steh — this; demonstrative pronoun or adjective masculine

ditado

dee-TAH-doo — dictum, saying; a commonly stated principle or rule

poderia

poh-deh-REE-ah — could; conditional tense of poder

facilmente

fah-seel-MEN-teh — easily; without difficulty or effort

ser

sehr — to be; infinitive of the verb ser

interpretado

een-tehr-preh-TAH-doo — interpreted; past participle of interpretar

significando

seeg-nee-fee-KAN-doo — meaning, signifying; present participle of significar

virtude

veer-TOO-deh — virtue; moral excellence or righteous quality

consiste

kon-SEES-teh — consists; third person singular present of consistir

ceder

seh-DEHR — to yield, to give in; to surrender to pressure

cada

KAH-dah — each, every; referring to individual items in a group

impulso

eem-POOL-soo — impulse; a sudden urge or instinctive drive

natural

nah-too-RAHL — natural; existing in or caused by nature

isso

EE-soo — this, that; neutral demonstrative pronoun

estava

esh-TAH-vah — was; third person singular imperfect of estar

muito

MOO-ee-too — very, much; indicating a high degree or amount

longe

LON-zheh — far; at a great distance

significado

seeg-nee-fee-KAH-doo — meaning; the sense or definition of a word or concept

estoico

esh-TOH-ee-koo — Stoic; relating to or characteristic of Stoic philosophy