Meditations — Page 6

Vocabulary

Các

các — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

chiến

chiến — War, battle, or military conflict

dịch

dịch — Campaign, epidemic, or to translate

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

ông

ông — He, him, or grandfather; formal male pronoun

đều

đều — All, equally, or without exception

thành

thành — To become, succeed, or city/fortress

công

công — Success, achievement, or public/work

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, whole, or to return something

toàn

toàn — Entire, complete, or all of something

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; conjunction showing contrast

những

những — Plural marker indicating multiple items or people

khó

khó — Difficult, hard, or challenging

khăn

khăn — Cloth, scarf; paired with khó meaning difficulty

năm

năm — Year, or the number five

gần

gần — Near, close, or recent in time

đây

đây — Here, this place, or recently

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

quá

quá — Too, excessively, or to pass through

sức

sức — Strength, energy, or physical capacity

chịu

chịu — To endure, bear, or tolerate something

đựng

đựng — To contain, hold, or endure hardship

đối

đối — Facing, opposite, or in relation to

với

với — With, to, or toward someone or something

thể

thể — Body, form, or physical constitution

trạng

trạng — Condition, state, or physical constitution

vốn

vốn — Capital, inherently, or originally by nature

chưa

chưa — Not yet; negation for incomplete actions

bao

bao — Ever, how much, or bag/envelope

giờ

giờ — Hour, time, or now

cường

cường — Strong, powerful, or robust

tráng

tráng — Robust, sturdy, or vigorous in health

và

và — And; conjunction joining words or clauses

vào

vào — To enter, into, or on a date

ngày

ngày — Day or date in time

tháng

tháng — Month of the year

qua

qua — To pass, through, or ago in time

đời

đời — Life, lifetime, or generation

tại

tại — At, in, or located at a place

Vị

vị — Classifier for respected persons, flavor, position

hoàng

hoàng — Royal, imperial, or emperor-related

đế

đế — Emperor or imperial ruler

nhân

nhân — Kind, humane, or person/human

từ

từ — Gentle, kind, or from/since

cũng

cũng — Also, too, or as well

không

không — No, not, or zero; main negation word

thoát

thoát — To escape, flee, or be free from

khỏi

khỏi — Away from, out of, or recovered from

rắc

rắc — To sprinkle; paired with rối meaning trouble

rối

rối — Tangled, confused; rắc rối means trouble

trong

trong — In, inside, or within something

gia

gia — Family, home, or household

đình

đình — Family, communal house; gia đình means family

sinh

sinh — To give birth, be born, or live

cho

cho — To give, for, or allow someone something

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, or a lot of something

người

người — Person, people, or human being

con

con — Child, offspring, or animal classifier

mà

mà — But, yet, or relative clause connector

hết

hết — All, completely, or to run out of

mực

mực — Ink, squid; hết mực means extremely/utterly

yêu

yêu — To love or cherish someone dearly

thương

thương — To love, feel compassion, or pity someone

Những

những — Plural marker indicating multiple items or people

khuôn

khuôn — Mold, frame, or shape of something

mặt

mặt — Face or surface of something

hồn

hồn — Soul, spirit, or essence of a person

nhiên

nhiên — Natural, spontaneous; hồn nhiên means innocent/natural

chúng

chúng — They, them, or we (informal plural pronoun)

vẫn

vẫn — Still, yet, or continuing as before

còn

còn — Still, remaining, or yet to happen

có

có — To have, exist, or there is/are

được

được — To be able to, allowed, or obtained

nhìn

nhìn — To look, see, or observe something

thấy

thấy — To see, perceive, or notice something

phòng

phòng — Room, hall, or to guard against something

trưng

trưng — To display or exhibit something publicly

bày

bày — To arrange, display, or set out items

điêu

điêu — Sculpted, carved; điêu khắc means sculpture

khắc

khắc — To carve, engrave, or a quarter hour

gợi

gợi — To evoke, suggest, or hint at something

lên

lên — Up, upward, or to rise/ascend

một

một — One, a, or a single thing

cách

cách — Way, manner, or method of doing something

kỳ

kỳ — Strange, extraordinary, or a period of time

lạ

lạ — Strange, unusual, or unfamiliar

vẻ

vẻ — Appearance, look, or expression on face

mơ

mơ — To dream, or dreamy and vague

màng

màng — Membrane, film; mơ màng means dreamy/wistful

cha

cha — Father or paternal figure

Nhưng

nhưng — But, however; conjunction showing contrast

lần

lần — Time, turn, or instance of an action

lượt

lượt — Turn, time; lần lượt means one by one

khi

khi — When, at the time of an event

đến

đến — To arrive, come, or reach a place

lúc

lúc — Moment, time, or when something occurs

lâm

lâm — To face, encounter, or be on the verge

chung

chung — Common, shared; lâm chung means dying moment

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, or to point at something

trai

trai — Boy, male, or son

sống

sống — To live, alive, or raw/uncooked

đó

đó — That, there, or referring to something mentioned

là

là — To be; main linking verb in Vietnamese

yếu

yếu — Weak, feeble, or lacking in strength

đuối

đuối — Exhausted, overwhelmed; yếu đuối means weak/feeble

vô

vô — Without, useless, or to enter (Southern dialect)

dụng

dụng — Use, utility; vô dụng means useless

Sau

sau — After, following, or behind in time/space

cái

cái — Classifier for objects; also means female or thing

chết

chết — Death or to die

kế

kế — Next, to succeed, or a plan/strategy

vị

vị — Position, flavor, or classifier for respected people

phá

phá — To destroy, break, or disrupt something

bỏ

bỏ — To abandon, drop, or give up something

quả

quả — Fruit, result, or classifier for round objects

bằng

bằng — By means of, equal, or flat surface

nền

nền — Foundation, background, or base of something

hòa

hòa — Peace, harmony, or to reconcile

bình

bình — Peace, calm, or a vase/bottle

vội

vội — Hasty, hurried, or in a rush

vàng

vàng — Gold, yellow; vội vàng means hasty/rushed

thiếu

thiếu — To lack, be deficient, or insufficient

khôn

khôn — Wise, clever, or shrewd in judgment

ngoan

ngoan — Well-behaved, obedient; khôn ngoan means wise

triều

triều — Dynasty, reign, or imperial court

đại

đại — Great, large, or major era/dynasty

mười

mười — Ten, the number ten

hai

hai — Two, the number two

hắn

hắn — He, him; third person pronoun often derogatory

chứng

chứng — To prove, witness, or evidence of something

tỏ

tỏ — To show, reveal, or make clear

tên

tên — Name, or derogatory pronoun for a person

bạo

bạo — Violent, cruel, or tyrannical

chúa

chúa — Lord, ruler, or God

hung

hung — Fierce, brutal, or violent in nature

tàn

tàn — Cruel, brutal, remnant, or withered

khát

khát — Thirsty, craving, or thirsting for something

máu

máu — Blood; khát máu means bloodthirsty

Tai

tai — Ear, or disaster; tai tiếng means scandal

tiếng

tiếng — Sound, language, reputation, or fame

lan

lan — To spread, expand, or orchid flower

rộng

rộng — Wide, broad, or spacious

chính

chính — Main, official, correct, or political

bị

bị — Passive marker; to suffer or undergo something

cáo

cáo — To accuse, report, or fox animal

buộc

buộc — To bind, force, or be obliged to

về

về — About, regarding, or to return home

sự

sự — Nominalizer turning verbs/adjectives into nouns

bất

bất — Prefix meaning un-, dis-, or not

trung

trung — Loyal, middle, or central

việc

việc — Work, task, matter, or affair

mưu

mưu — Plot, scheme, or cunning plan

mô

mô — Scheme; mưu mô means plotting or scheming

xúi

xúi — To instigate, incite, or egg someone on

giục

giục — To urge, prompt; xúi giục means to instigate

ta

ta — We, us, or I in informal contexts

cuộc

cuộc — Classifier for events, matches, or activities

nổi

nổi — To float, rise up, or break out

loạn

loạn — Rebellion, chaos, or disorder

tai

tai — Ear, or disaster/misfortune

hại

hại — Harmful, damaging; tai hại means disastrous

phải

phải — Must, have to, or right/correct

thừa

thừa — To admit, inherit, or have excess of

nhận

nhận — To receive, accept, or acknowledge something

rằng

rằng — That; conjunction introducing reported speech

này

này — This, these; near demonstrative pronoun

dựa

dựa — To lean on, rely on, or be based on

trên

trên — On, above, or on top of something

chắc

chắc — Sure, certain, or firm and solid

nào

nào — Which, any, or what (interrogative/indefinite)

dù

dù — Even though, although, or umbrella

sao

sao — Star, why, or how; used in questions

đi

đi — To go, walk, or imperative particle

nữa

nữa — More, anymore, or in addition

bà

bà — She, her, or grandmother; formal female pronoun

tha

tha — To forgive, spare, or carry something

thiết

thiết — Eager, essential; tha thiết means earnest/passionate

chút

chút — A little, a bit, or a small amount

nghi

nghi — To suspect, doubt, or be suspicious

ngờ

ngờ — To doubt; nghi ngờ means to suspect/doubt

nhỏ

nhỏ — Small, little, or young in size

nhoi

nhoi — Tiny, insignificant; nhỏ nhoi means very small

Với

với — With, to, or toward someone or something

tư

tư — Private, personal, or the number four

lính

lính — Soldier, military personnel, or troop

vừa

vừa — Just, both, or fitting/appropriate size

năng

năng — Ability, capacity, or energy/skill

lực

lực — Force, strength; năng lực means ability/capability

nhà

nhà — House, home, or expert/professional

quản

quản — To manage, administer, or oversee something

trị

trị — To govern, treat, or manage affairs

thận

thận — Careful, cautious; thận trọng means prudent

trọng

trọng — Important, heavy, or to respect someone

tận

tận — To the utmost, thorough, or extreme end

tâm

tâm — Heart, mind, or dedication; tận tâm means devoted

Mặc

mặc — Despite, although, or to wear clothing

thấm

thấm — To absorb, soak in, or be imbued with

nhuần

nhuần — Saturated, imbued; thấm nhuần means deeply influenced

giáo

giáo — Teaching, religion, or education

lý

lý — Reason, principle, or logic

triết

triết — Philosophy or philosophical thought

học

học — To study, learn, or academic subject

cố

cố — To try hard, make effort, or late/deceased

gắng

gắng — To strive, make effort; cố gắng means to try hard

tái

tái — To redo, recreate, or pale in color

tạo

tạo — To create, make, or build something

thế

thế — World, position, or thus/so

giới

giới — World, realm, or boundary

theo

theo — To follow, according to, or along with

hoạch

hoạch — Plan, scheme; kế hoạch means plan/project

định

định — To determine, plan, or fix something

sẵn

sẵn — Ready, available, or already prepared