Meditations — Page 13

Vocabulary

公共

gōnggòng — Public; shared by all members of a community.

精神

jīngshén — Spirit; mental attitude or guiding principle.

是

shì — Is; to be; linking verb indicating identity.

古代

gǔdài — Ancient times; historical era long ago.

世界

shìjiè — World; the entire earth and its inhabitants.

最

zuì — Most; superlative degree marker.

辉煌

huīhuáng — Glorious; brilliantly magnificent and splendid.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

政治

zhèngzhì — Politics; the governance and administration of society.

美德

měidé — Virtue; morally admirable quality or character trait.

而

ér — Conjunction meaning 'but,' 'and,' or 'yet.'

在

zài — At; in; located at a place or time.

这里

zhèlǐ — Here; this place or location.

它

tā — It; third-person pronoun for non-human things.

被

bèi — Passive marker; indicates subject receives action.

赋予

fùyǔ — To endow with; to bestow a quality upon.

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or changed state.

世界主义

shìjiè zhǔyì — Cosmopolitanism; ideology valuing global human community.

色彩

sècǎi — Color; hue; figurative tone or character.

同样

tóngyàng — Similarly; in the same way; likewise.

值得

zhídé — Worth; deserving of attention or effort.

注意

zhùyì — To notice; to pay attention to something.

基督教

Jīdūjiào — Christianity; the religion based on Jesus Christ.

圣贤

shèngxián — Sages; holy and wise revered figures.

们

men — Plural suffix for pronouns and people nouns.

也

yě — Also; too; likewise in addition.

坚持

jiānchí — To insist; to persist firmly in a position.

观点

guāndiǎn — Viewpoint; perspective or standpoint on an issue.

基督徒

Jīdūtú — Christian; a follower of Jesus Christ.

教导

jiàodǎo — To teach; to instruct and guide morally.

说

shuō — To say; to speak; to state something.

他们

tāmen — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

一个

yī gè — One; a single unit of something.

遍及

biànjí — To spread throughout; to extend across everywhere.

全球

quánqiú — The entire globe; worldwide; all over earth.

兄弟会

xiōngdìhuì — Brotherhood; a fraternal organization or community.

成员

chéngyuán — Member; a person belonging to a group.

其中

qízhōng — Among them; within that group or set.

没有

méiyǒu — There is no; to not have something.

希腊人

Xīlàrén — Greeks; people of ancient or modern Greece.

与

yǔ — And; with; together with another element.

希伯来人

Xībólái rén — Hebrews; ancient Israelite or Jewish people.

之分

zhī fēn — Distinction between; difference separating two categories.

奴隶

núlì — Slave; person owned and controlled by another.

自由人

zìyóurén — Free person; one not enslaved or bound.

之别

zhī bié — Difference between; distinction separating two things.

上帝

Shàngdì — God; the supreme deity in Christianity.

同工

tónggōng — Fellow workers; co-laborers sharing the same task.

共同

gòngtóng — Together; jointly; in common with others.

度过

dùguò — To spend time; to pass through a period.

此生

cǐ shēng — This life; one's current earthly existence.

以上

yǐshàng — The above; what has been mentioned previously.

便是

biàn shì — Is precisely; that is exactly what it is.

沉思录

Chénsī Lù — Meditations; Marcus Aurelius's personal philosophical journal.

所

suǒ — Particle linking verb to its object nominally.

依托

yītuō — To rely on; to be based upon something.

思想

sīxiǎng — Thought; ideology; intellectual system or ideas.

体系

tǐxì — System; an organized framework of related elements.

对

duì — Toward; regarding; preposition indicating direction or object.

这一

zhè yī — This one; this particular item or point.

有所

yǒu suǒ — To have some; to have a certain degree.

了解

liǎojiě — To understand; to have knowledge about something.

正确

zhèngquè — Correct; accurate; right and without error.

理解

lǐjiě — To comprehend; to grasp the meaning of something.

此书

cǐ shū — This book; the text currently being discussed.

必要

bìyào — Necessary; essential; required for a purpose.

条件

tiáojiàn — Condition; prerequisite; required circumstance or factor.

但

dàn — But; however; introduces a contrasting clause.

我们

wǒmen — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

而言

éryán — As for; speaking from a particular perspective.

主要

zhǔyào — Main; primary; most important among several things.

兴趣

xìngqù — Interest; curiosity or enthusiasm toward something.

却

què — Yet; but; however; marks unexpected contrast.

别处

biéchù — Elsewhere; another place; somewhere different.

阅读

yuèdú — To read; the act of reading written material.

并非

bìng fēi — Is not at all; emphatically negates a claim.

为了

wèile — In order to; for the purpose of something.

寻求

xúnqiú — To seek; to search for something desired.

一部

yī bù — One volume; a single work or publication.

主义

zhǔyì — Doctrine; an ideology or philosophical system.

论著

lùnzhù — Treatise; a scholarly written work on a subject.

他

tā — He; him; third-person singular male pronoun.

一派

yī pài — A school of thought; a particular faction.

之

zhī — Classical possessive or linking particle; of.

宗师

zōngshī — Master; a founding authority of a school.

无意

wúyì — Has no intention; not meaning to do something.

为

wèi — For; on behalf of; preposition of purpose.

学生

xuésheng — Student; a person engaged in learning.

订立

dìnglì — To establish; to set up rules or agreements.

一套

yī tào — A set; a complete collection of related items.

教义

jiàoyì — Doctrine; formal teachings of a belief system.

甚至

shènzhì — Even; going so far as; to an extreme degree.

从未

cóngwèi — Never; at no time ever in the past.

设想过

shèxiǎng guò — Ever imagined; previously conceived or envisioned.

他人

tārén — Others; other people; persons besides oneself.

会

huì — Will; would; to be able to do.

文字

wénzì — Written text; written characters or script.

哲学

zhéxué — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions of existence.

热切

rèqiē — Earnest; passionately eager and enthusiastic.

智识

zhìshí — Intellectual knowledge; scholarly understanding and wisdom.

探求

tànqiú — To explore and seek; to inquire deeply.

更

gèng — More; even more; to a greater degree.

近乎

jìnhū — Close to; nearly; approximating a certain quality.

所说

suǒ shuō — What is said; that which one speaks of.

宗教

zōngjiào — Religion; a system of spiritual belief and practice.

情感

qínggǎn — Emotion; feeling; emotional sentiment or response.

或

huò — Or; alternatively; either one or another.

那种

nà zhǒng — That kind of; that type or sort of.

毫不妥协

háo bù tuǒxié — Completely uncompromising; refusing any concession whatsoever.

刚硬

gāngyìng — Hard and rigid; unyielding in attitude or character.

经由

jīngyóu — By way of; through; via a particular means.

一种

yī zhǒng — A kind of; a type or sort of something.

虔诚

qiánchéng — Devout; sincerely pious and religiously reverent.

宽容

kuānróng — Tolerant; forgiving and accepting toward others.

温柔

wēnróu — Gentle; tender; mild and soft in manner.

无欺

wú qī — Without deceit; honest and free from deception.

天性

tiānxìng — Nature; innate character or disposition one is born with.

陶冶

táoyě — To cultivate; to mold character through influence.

得以

déyǐ — To be able to; thereby enabled to do.

软化

ruǎnhuà — To soften; to become or make less rigid.

转化

zhuǎnhuà — To transform; to change into something different.

令

lìng — To cause; to make; to command someone.

承受

chéngshòu — To bear; to endure hardship or pressure.

人生

rénshēng — Human life; one's life journey and experience.

严峻

yánjùn — Harsh; stern; severe in nature or condition.

隐忍

yǐnrěn — To endure silently; to bear with patient restraint.

身上

shēn shang — On one's body; within oneself; in a person.

几乎

jīhū — Almost; nearly; very close to entirely.

升华

shēnghuá — To sublimate; to elevate to a higher level.

向往

xiàngwǎng — To yearn for; to long after something ideal.

渴求

kěqiú — To crave; to eagerly desire something earnestly.

心境

xīnjìng — State of mind; inner mood or mental condition.

书

shū — Book; a written or printed literary work.

记录

jìlù — To record; to document in writing for reference.

其

qí — His; its; their; classical third-person possessive pronoun.

内心

nèixīn — Inner heart; one's innermost feelings or thoughts.

深处

shēnchù — Depths; the deepest or most profound part.

写下

xiě xià — To write down; to put into written form.

这些

zhèxiē — These; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

纾解

shūjiě — To relieve; to alleviate stress or emotional burden.

心怀

xīnhuái — To hold in one's heart; cherish inner feelings.

道德

dàodé — Morality; ethics; moral principles and standards.

格言

géyán — Maxim; a short statement of moral wisdom.

沉思

chénsī — To meditate; to reflect deeply and thoughtfully.

有助于

yǒu zhùyú — To be helpful for; to contribute to something.

承担

chéngdān — To undertake; to bear responsibility or a burden.

职责

zhízé — Duty; one's official responsibility or obligation.

重负

zhòngfù — Heavy burden; a great weight of responsibility.

以及

yǐjí — As well as; and also; in addition to.

繁忙

fánmáng — Busy; hectic; full of activity and tasks.

生活

shēnghuó — Life; daily living and everyday existence.

中

zhōng — In; within; inside a place or situation.

无数

wúshù — Countless; innumerable; too many to count.

烦扰

fánrǎo — Vexations; disturbances that cause annoyance or trouble.

将

jiāng — Will; to be about to; future tense marker.

另一部

lìng yī bù — Another volume; a different book or work.

名著

míngzhù — Famous work; a celebrated literary masterpiece.

效仿

xiàofǎng — To emulate; to imitate as a model.

基督

Jīdū — Christ; Jesus Christ, central figure of Christianity.

加以

jiāyǐ — To apply; to proceed to do something to.

比较

bǐjiào — To compare; to examine similarities and differences.

颇有

pō yǒu — Quite; considerably; to a notable degree having.

启发

qǐfā — Enlightenment; to inspire or stimulate new thinking.

意义

yìyì — Meaning; significance; the importance of something.