Middlemarch — Page 1

Vocabulary

Puisque

pwisk — conjunction meaning 'since' or 'because'

étant

etɑ̃ — present participle of 'être', meaning 'being'

femme

fam — woman or wife

je

ʒə — first person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

ne

nə — negation particle used with 'pas' or alone

puis

pɥi — first person singular of 'pouvoir', meaning 'can'

faire

fɛr — to do or to make

le

lə — masculine definite article meaning 'the'

bien

bjɛ̃ — good or well; can mean 'the good'

Tendons

tɑ̃dɔ̃ — first person plural imperative of 'tendre', meaning 'let us reach toward'

sans

sɑ̃ — preposition meaning 'without'

cesse

sɛs — cessation; used in 'sans cesse' meaning 'ceaselessly'

vers

vɛr — preposition meaning 'toward' or 'towards'

ce

sə — demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'

qui

ki — relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which'

en

ɑ̃ — preposition meaning 'in', 'on', or 'by'

est

ɛ — third person singular of 'être', meaning 'is'

proche

prɔʃ — adjective meaning 'near', 'close', or 'nearby'

La

la — feminine definite article meaning 'the'

Tragédie

traʒedi — tragedy, a dramatic work ending in disaster

de

də — preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

la

la — feminine definite article or direct object pronoun 'her'

jeune

ʒœn — adjective meaning 'young'

fille

fij — girl or daughter

ET

e — conjunction meaning 'and'

possédait

pɔsedɛ — imperfect tense of 'posséder', meaning 'possessed' or 'had'

genre

ʒɑ̃r — type, kind, or sort of something

beauté

bote — beauty, the quality of being beautiful

semble

sɑ̃bl — third person singular of 'sembler', meaning 'seems'

être

ɛtr — to be, the fundamental verb of existence

mis

mi — past participle of 'mettre', meaning 'put' or 'placed'

valeur

valœr — value or worth; 'en valeur' means 'to advantage'

par

par — preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'

une

yn — feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

tenue

təny — attire, outfit, or manner of dress

modeste

mɔdɛst — adjective meaning 'modest' or 'unpretentious'

Sa

sa — possessive adjective meaning 'her' or 'his'

main

mɛ̃ — hand, the body part at the end of the arm

et

e — conjunction meaning 'and'

son

sɔ̃ — possessive adjective meaning 'her', 'his', or 'its'

poignet

pwaɲɛ — wrist, the joint connecting hand to forearm

étaient

etɛ — imperfect tense of 'être', meaning 'were'

d'

d — contracted form of 'de', meaning 'of' or 'from'

forme

fɔrm — form or shape of something

si

si — adverb meaning 'so' or conjunction meaning 'if'

délicate

delikat — adjective meaning 'delicate' or 'fine'

qu'

k — contracted form of 'que', meaning 'that' or 'than'

elle

ɛl — third person feminine pronoun meaning 'she' or 'her'

pouvait

puvɛ — imperfect tense of 'pouvoir', meaning 'could'

porter

pɔrte — to wear or to carry something

des

de — plural indefinite article meaning 'some' or plural 'of the'

manches

mɑ̃ʃ — sleeves of a garment

tout

tu — adjective or pronoun meaning 'all' or 'every'

aussi

osi — adverb meaning 'also', 'too', or 'as'

dépourvues

depurvy — adjective meaning 'devoid of' or 'lacking'

ornement

ɔrnəmɑ̃ — ornament or decoration added to something

que

kə — conjunction meaning 'that', 'than', or 'which'

celles

sɛl — demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those' (feminine plural)

dans

dɑ̃ — preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'

lesquelles

lɛkɛl — relative pronoun meaning 'in which' (feminine plural)

Vierge

vjɛrʒ — Virgin, referring to the Virgin Mary

apparaissait

aparɛsɛ — imperfect of 'apparaître', meaning 'appeared' or 'would appear'

aux

o — contraction of 'à les', meaning 'to the' (plural)

peintres

pɛ̃tr — painters, artists who paint pictures

italiens

italjɛ̃ — plural adjective or noun meaning 'Italian'

profil

prɔfil — profile, the side view of a face or figure

comme

kɔm — conjunction or preposition meaning 'like' or 'as'

sa

sa — possessive adjective meaning 'her', 'his', or 'its'

stature

statyr — stature, the height or build of a person

port

pɔr — bearing or carriage, the way one holds oneself

semblaient

sɑ̃blɛ — imperfect of 'sembler', meaning 'seemed' or 'appeared'

tirer

tire — to draw or pull; to derive something from

plus

ply — adverb meaning 'more' or 'most'

grande

grɑ̃d — feminine adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'

dignité

diɲite — dignity, the quality of being worthy and honorable

ses

se — possessive adjective meaning 'her', 'his', or 'its' (plural)

vêtements

vɛtmɑ̃ — clothes or garments worn on the body

simples

sɛ̃pl — adjective meaning 'simple' or 'plain'

comparés

kɔ̃pare — past participle of 'comparer', meaning 'compared'

à

a — preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

mode

mɔd — fashion or style of dress at a given time

provinciale

prɔ̃vjɑ̃sjal — adjective meaning 'provincial' or 'from the provinces'

lui

lɥi — third person singular pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'to her'

conféraient

kɔ̃ferɛ — imperfect of 'conférer', meaning 'conferred' or 'gave'

relief

rəljɛf — relief or prominence; 'en relief' means 'standing out'

belle

bɛl — feminine adjective meaning 'beautiful' or 'lovely'

citation

sitasjɔ̃ — quotation or citation from a text

tirée

tire — feminine past participle of 'tirer', meaning 'drawn' or 'taken'

ou

u — conjunction meaning 'or'

l'

l — contracted definite article meaning 'the' before a vowel

un

œ̃ — masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

nos

no — possessive adjective meaning 'our' (plural)

anciens

ɑ̃sjɛ̃ — adjective meaning 'ancient', 'old', or 'former'

poètes

pɔɛt — poets, people who write poetry

paragraphe

paraɡraf — paragraph, a distinct section of a piece of writing

du

dy — contraction of 'de le', meaning 'of the' or 'from the'

journal

ʒurnal — newspaper or diary or daily record

aujourd'

oʒurd — part of 'aujourd'hui', meaning 'today'

On

ɔ̃ — indefinite pronoun meaning 'one', 'we', or 'they'

décrivait

dekrivɛ — imperfect of 'décrire', meaning 'described' or 'would describe'

habituellement

abitɥɛlmɑ̃ — adverb meaning 'usually' or 'habitually'

remarquablement

rəmarkabləmɑ̃ — adverb meaning 'remarkably' or 'notably'

intelligente

ɛ̃tɛliʒɑ̃t — feminine adjective meaning 'intelligent' or 'clever'

mais

mɛ — conjunction meaning 'but'

ajoutant

aʒutɑ̃ — present participle of 'ajouter', meaning 'adding'

sœur

sœr — sister, a female sibling

avait

avɛ — imperfect tense of 'avoir', meaning 'had'

davantage

davɑ̃taʒ — adverb meaning 'more' or 'even more'

bon

bɔ̃ — adjective meaning 'good'

sens

sɑ̃s — sense or meaning; 'bon sens' means 'common sense'

Néanmoins

neɑ̃mwɛ̃ — adverb meaning 'nevertheless' or 'however'

portait

pɔrtɛ — imperfect of 'porter', meaning 'wore' or 'carried'

guère

ɡɛr — adverb meaning 'hardly' or 'scarcely'

ornements

ɔrnəmɑ̃ — ornaments or decorations worn on the body

n'

n — contracted form of 'ne', used in negation

observateurs

ɔbzɛrvatœr — observers, people who watch or notice things carefully

attentifs

atɑ̃tif — adjective meaning 'attentive' or 'observant'

se

sə — reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself', 'himself', or 'herself'

distinguait

distɛ̃ɡɛ — imperfect of 'distinguer', meaning 'distinguished' or 'stood out'

celle

sɛl — demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the one' (feminine singular)

présentait

prezɑ̃tɛ — imperfect of 'présenter', meaning 'presented' or 'showed'

nuance

nɥɑ̃s — nuance or subtle shade of meaning or quality

coquetterie

kɔkɛtri — coquetry, flirtatious or vain behavior in dress

arrangements

arɑ̃ʒmɑ̃ — arrangements or orderly preparation of things

car

kar — conjunction meaning 'because' or 'for'

sobre

sɔbr — adjective meaning 'sober', 'restrained', or 'understated'

tenait

tənɛ — imperfect of 'tenir', meaning 'held' or 'kept'

conditions

kɔ̃disjɔ̃ — conditions or circumstances of a situation

mêlées

mele — feminine plural past participle of 'mêler', meaning 'mixed'

dont

dɔ̃ — relative pronoun meaning 'of which', 'whose', or 'from which'

partageait

partaʒɛ — imperfect of 'partager', meaning 'shared' or 'divided'

plupart

plypar — noun meaning 'most' or 'the majority'; used in 'la plupart'