Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 11

Vocabulary

ああ

aa — Ah; exclamation of emotion or realization.

なんと

nanto — How; what; exclamation of surprise or emphasis.

呪わ

norowa — Cursed; stem form of 'to curse'.

れ

re — Passive/past suffix attached to verb stems.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix.

制度

seido — System; institution; established social arrangement.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or context.

ある

aru — To be; to exist (for inanimate things).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

か

ka — Question particle; also used for rhetorical emphasis.

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject.

人間

ningen — Human being; humanity; mankind.

の

no — Possessive/linking particle connecting nouns.

神

kami — God; deity; divine being.

ごとき

gotoki — Like; similar to; resembling (literary form).

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mental or spiritual nature.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

葬り去り

hōmurisari — To bury away; to completely eliminate or suppress.

傷つけ

kizutsuke — To wound; to damage; to harm.

創造

sōzō — Creation; act of creating something new.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through; due to.

栄光

eikō — Glory; honor; splendor; divine radiance.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting elements.

誉れ

homare — Honor; glory; praise; distinction.

冠

kanmuri — Crown; coronet; symbol of honor or authority.

与え

atae — To give; to grant; to bestow.

られ

rare — Passive auxiliary suffix; given or received.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does or is something.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

獣

kemono — Beast; wild animal; brute creature.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in kind.

水準

suijun — Level; standard; degree of quality.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

貶め

otoshime — To demean; to degrade; to lower in status.

売り買い

urikami — Buying and selling; trade; commerce.

する

suru — To do; general action verb.

呼ば

yoba — To be called; stem of 'to call'.

れる

reru — Passive verb suffix indicating receiving an action.

すべて

subete — All; everything; every single thing.

もの

mono — Thing; object; entity; person (informal).

上

ue — Above; on top; upper position.

高く

takaku — Highly; loftily; at a high level.

だ

da — Copula; informal form of 'to be'.

なぜ

naze — Why; for what reason.

その

sono — That; the (referring to nearby noun).

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; presence.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also conjunctive 'but'.

一時間

ichijikan — One hour; a duration of sixty minutes.

たりとも

tari tomo — Even one; not even a single (emphatic negation).

延長

enchō — Extension; prolongation; lengthening of time.

さ

sa — Nominalization suffix; also casual sentence-ending particle.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative form of 'nai' (must not).

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

なら

nara — Conditional 'if'; topic-based conditional form.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

悪

aku — Evil; wickedness; moral wrongness.

あり

ari — There is; exists (literary/formal form of ある).

ただ

tada — Only; merely; simply; just.

のみ

nomi — Only; nothing but; exclusively (formal/literary).

しかも

shikamo — Moreover; furthermore; and yet; on top of that.

絶えず

taezu — Constantly; without ceasing; continuously.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue; to go on; to persist.

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; sense.

アメリカ

Amerika — America; United States of America.

合衆国

Gasshūkoku — United States; federated nation of states.

人々

hitobito — People; various persons; folks.

における

ni okeru — In; within; regarding (formal connective phrase).

へ

e — Directional particle indicating toward or to.

畏れ

osore — Awe; fear; reverence; dread.

欠如

ketsujo — Lack; deficiency; absence of something needed.

配慮

hairyo — Consideration; thoughtfulness; care for others.

以外

igai — Other than; except for; besides.

何

nani / nan — What; used in questions or exclamations.

という

to iu — Called; known as; that is to say.

天

ten — Heaven; the sky; divine realm above.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle for emphasis or address.

永遠

eien — Eternity; forever; everlasting; without end.

打倒

datō — Overthrow; defeat; bring down an enemy.

速め

hayame — To hasten; to accelerate; to speed up.

奴隷

dorei — Slave; person held in servitude by another.

本質

honshitsu — Essence; true nature; fundamental character.

について

ni tsuite — Regarding; about; concerning a topic.

あまりに

amari ni — Too much; excessively; overly so.

も

mo — Also; too; even; as well (particle).

深く

fukaku — Deeply; profoundly; to a great depth.

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness.

な

na — Adjectival suffix; also negative imperative particle.

日々

hibi — Day by day; daily; every single day.

犠牲者

giseisha — Victim; sacrifice; one who suffers loss.

加え

kuwae — To add; to inflict; to impose upon.

られる

rareru — Passive suffix; to have something done to one.

残虐

zangyaku — Cruelty; brutality; savage and violent act.

行為

kōi — Act; action; deed; conduct.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; no matter what kind.

記述

kijutsu — Description; account; written record of facts.

読ん

yon — Reading; conjunctive form of 'to read'.

だり

dari — Listing actions alternately (e.g., doing this or that).

聞い

kii — Hearing; listening; conjunctive form of 'to hear'.

たり

tari — Particle listing representative actions alternately.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also listing conjunction.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

頑固

ganko — Stubborn; obstinate; inflexible in opinion.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as; even.

信じ

shinji — To believe; to trust; to have faith.

よう

yō — Seems like; in order to; volitional suffix.

彼ら

karera — They; them; those people (masculine or mixed).

財産

zaisan — Property; assets; wealth; possessions.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; regarded as.

所有

shoyū — Ownership; possession; having something as property.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (animate beings).

否定

hitei — Denial; negation; rejection of a claim.

恐ろしい

osoroshii — Terrible; frightening; horrifying; dreadful.

事実

jijitsu — Fact; truth; actual state of affairs.

暴虐

bōgyaku — Tyranny; violent oppression; brutal cruelty.

曝露

bakuro — Exposure; revelation; unmasking of hidden truth.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; on the other hand.

野蛮

yaban — Barbarism; savagery; uncivilized behavior.

残忍

zannin — Cruelty; mercilessness; brutal heartlessness.

観念

kannen — Idea; notion; concept; mental perception.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; utterly; not at all (neg).

伝え

tsutae — To convey; to transmit; to communicate.

残酷

zankoku — Cruel; brutal; merciless; hardhearted.

切断

setsudan — Amputation; severing; cutting off a limb.

や

ya — And; or; listing particle for nouns.

流血

ryūketsu — Bloodshed; spilling of blood; violence causing injury.

光景

kōkei — Scene; sight; view; spectacle witnessed.

あらゆる

arayuru — All; every; every possible kind.

光

hikari — Light; radiance; illumination; brightness.

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; learning; understanding.

追放

tsuihō — Banishment; expulsion; driving away; exile.

語っ

katatte — Talking; telling; narrating; conjunctive form.

みれ

mire — If one looks or tries; conditional of 'miru'.

途方も

tohōmo — Outrageous; absurd; beyond all reason (used with nai).

誇張

kochō — Exaggeration; overstatement; embellishment of facts.

全面的

zenmenteki — Complete; total; across-the-board; fully comprehensive.

虚偽

kyogi — Falsehood; lie; false statement; deception.

陳述

chinjutsu — Statement; declaration; formal verbal account.

南部

nanbu — Southern part; the South (of a region/country).

品性

hinsei — Character; moral nature; personal integrity.

に対する

ni taisuru — Against; toward; directed at; regarding.

忌まわしい

imawashii — Detestable; abominable; hateful; repulsive.

中傷

chūshō — Slander; defamation; false damaging accusation.

大いに

ōi ni — Greatly; very much; to a great extent.

憤慨

fungai — Indignation; outrage; strong moral anger.

みせる

miseru — To show; to display; to do something deliberately.

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; entirely; completely.

これら

korera — These; referring to multiple nearby things.

当然

tōzen — Natural; expected; of course; rightfully so.

結果

kekka — Result; outcome; consequence of an action.