Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 2

Vocabulary

သူ

thu — He, she, or that person

ဖွားမြင်

phwa myint — To be born; to come into existence

ခဲ့သော

khɛ́ dhò — Past tense marker; that which occurred previously

မြေပြင်

myè pyìn — Ground level; surface of the earth

အတွက်

a twɛʔ — For the sake of; because of; regarding

ကံကောင်း

kàn kaùn — To be fortunate; to have good luck

စွာပင်

swà pin — Adverbial intensifier meaning indeed or truly

ထို

htò — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned

မြေ

myè — Land, earth, ground, or soil

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; toward; at

ကယ်တင်

kɛ̀ tin — To rescue, save, or deliver from danger

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of doing

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with

ကောင်းချီး

kaùn ji — Blessing; divine favor or benediction

ပေးရန်

pé yan — To give; for the purpose of giving

သည်

dhi — Topic or subject marker particle in a sentence

ယခု

ya khu — Now; at this present time

အထိ

a htì — Until; up to; as far as

အလွန်

a lwùn — Very; extremely; excessively

များပြား

myà pyà — Numerous; abundant; existing in great quantities

စွာ

swà — Adverbial suffix indicating manner of action

ကြိုးပမ်း

kyò pàn — To strive, endeavor, or make great effort

ခဲ့ပြီး

khɛ́ byi — Having done and completed a past action

ဖြစ်သည်

phyit dhi — Is; to be; to exist as something

၏

i — Possessive or genitive particle meaning of or belonging to

မိတ်ဆွေ

meiʔ swè — Friend; close companion or acquaintance

များ

myà — Plural marker; many; more than one

သိကျွမ်းသူ

dhì kyùn dhu — An acquaintance; someone one knows casually

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kyɛ́ pyàn — Wide; broad; extensive in scope or area

သော

dhò — Relative clause marker; that which; adjective-forming particle

အဝိုင်း

a wain — Circle; a round shape or group

ခံနိုင်

khan naing — To be able to endure or withstand something

ဆင်းရဲ

sin yɛ — Poor; impoverished; in a state of poverty

ဒုက္ခ

doʔ kha — Suffering, hardship, or misery

ပေါင်းများစွာ

paùn myà swà — Many combined together; numerous accumulated amounts

ဖြင့်

phyin — With; by means of; using as an instrument

သီလရှိ

dhì la shì — To be virtuous; to have moral integrity

စရိုက်

sa yaiʔ — Character, nature, or personal disposition

လက္ခဏာ

lɛʔ kha nà — Characteristic, trait, or distinguishing feature

သံကြိုး

dhàn kyò — Metal wire, chain, or iron rope

ချည်နှောင်

chí hnaùn — To bind, tie, or restrain with rope or chain

ခြင်း

chín — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into abstract nouns

ခံနေရ

khan nè ya — To be currently undergoing or enduring something

သူများ

thu myà — Other people; those persons; they

အတူ

a tu — Together; alongside; in company with others

ခြင်းခံ

chín khan — To receive or be subjected to an action

သည့်

dhin — Relative clause particle linking noun and verb

အလား

a là — Like; similar to; resembling something or someone

မမေ့မလျော့

ma mé ma lyò — To not forget; to keep firmly in memory

အမြဲ

a myɛ — Always; constantly; without exception or interruption

သတိရ

tha di ya — To remember; to call to mind; to recollect

နေခြင်း

nè chín — The state of remaining or staying somewhere

သူတို့

thu dó — They; them; those people

စာနာမှု

sa na hmù — Sympathy; compassionate understanding for others' suffering

ချစ်ခင်မှု

chit khin hmù — Love, affection, or warm fondness toward others

ခိုင်မာ

khain mà — Firm, strong, solid, or unwavering in character

ရရှိ

ya shì — To obtain, receive, or acquire something

ထားသည်

htà dhi — To have placed or kept in a state

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kyun nò dó — We; us; first person plural pronoun

သမ္မတ

thàm ma ta — President; head of state of a republic

နိုင်ငံ

naing ngàn — Country, nation, or state

အမျိုးမျိုး

a myó myó — Various kinds; different types or varieties

နေရာ

nè yà — Place, location, position, or spot

တွင်

twin — In; at; inside; locative particle

ရှိသော

shì dhò — That which exists or is present somewhere

လူ

lu — Person, human being, or people

အုပ်

ouʔ — Group, flock, or cluster; to cover or govern

အများအပြား

a myà a pyà — A great many; large numbers of something

ကျွန်

kyùn — Slave; servant; one in bondage to another

ပြုခြင်း

pyu chín — The act of doing or performing an action

အကြောင်း

a kyaùn — Reason, cause, matter, or subject about something

ပတ်သက်

paʔ thɛʔ — To relate to; to be connected or concerned with

၍

yway — Conjunction meaning therefore, and so, or because

စိတ်ထား

seiʔ htà — Attitude, mindset, or disposition of heart

နိုးကြား

nó kyà — To awaken; to stir up; to arouse awareness

စေခဲ့ပြီး

sè khɛ́ byi — Having caused or made something happen previously

ကရုဏာ

ka yu nà — Compassion, mercy, or loving-kindness toward others

စကား

sa kà — Speech, words, language, or conversation

မျက်ရည်

myɛʔ yè — Tears; water flowing from the eyes

ကျ

kya — To fall; to drop; to descend downward

စေခဲ့သည်

sè khɛ́ dhi — Caused to happen; made someone do something past

သို့မဟုတ်

dhó ma houʔ — Or; otherwise; either one or another option

လူများ

lu myà — People; many persons; a group of humans

ပြု

pyu — To do, make, perform, or carry out

ဆန့်ကျင်

san chin — To oppose, resist, or go against something

နှိုးဆော်မှု

hnó sò hmù — Provocation, incitement, or stirring up of others

ပြည့်

pyì — Full; filled completely; abundant or complete

ဝါဒ

wà da — Doctrine, ideology, or political/religious belief system

ဖြန့်ချိမှု

phyàn chi hmù — Distribution, spreading, or dissemination of something

ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာ

gùn dheiʔ kha — Dignity, honor, or personal prestige and reputation

အမျက်ဒေါသ

a myɛʔ dò dhò — Anger, wrath, or furious emotional outburst

နှိုးဆော်

hnó sò — To incite, provoke, or stir someone up

ခဲ့သည်

khɛ́ dhi — Did; past tense completion marker for actions

သူ့

thu — His; her; belonging to that person

ကိုယ်တိုင်

ko dain — Oneself; personally; by one's own action

အဘယ်ကြောင့်

a bɛ kyaùn — Why; for what reason or cause

ဆိုသော်

so dhò — If one says; speaking of; when referring to

၎င်း

dain — That aforementioned thing or person; it or they

တစ်ချက်

tiʔ chɛʔ — Once; one stroke; one moment or instance

တည်း

tè — Only; alone; a limiting or restrictive particle

အများပြည်သူ

a myà pyì dhu — The general public; ordinary citizens of a community

အသုံးဝင်မှု

a dhón win hmù — Usefulness, utility, or practical benefit of something

နယ်ပယ်

nɛ pɛ — Field, domain, sphere, or area of activity

သို့

dhó — To; toward; in the direction of

ဆောင်ယူ

saùn yu — To carry, bring, or take something along

လောက

law ka — World; universe; realm of existence

တစ်ယောက်

tiʔ yauʔ — One person; a single individual

အာမခံချက်

a ma khan jɛʔ — Guarantee, promise, or assurance of something

ပေးခဲ့

pé khɛ́ — Gave; provided something to someone in the past

ပြီး

byi — Already done; completed; and then afterward

ဝိညာဉ်

win nyàn — Spirit, soul, or spiritual essence of a being

ရောင်

yaùn — Color; light; glow; to shine or radiate

နေသော

nè dhò — That which is currently happening or existing

စွမ်းအင်

swùn in — Energy, power, or capability to do things

ညှဉ်းပမ်း

hnin pàn — To torment, persecute, or cruelly mistreat someone

နှိပ်စက်

hneiʔ sɛʔ — To oppress, torture, or subject to cruel treatment

တုတ်

touʔ — Stick, club, or rod used as a weapon

ချိုးဖဲ့

chó phɛ — To break, fracture, or snap something apart

ကာ

kà — While; as a connective particle between clauses

ခံရ

khan ya — To receive or suffer something done to oneself

လွတ်မြောက်

lwuʔ myauʔ — To escape, be freed, or gain liberation

စေရန်

sè yan — In order to cause or make someone do

မြတ်မြောက်

myaʔ myauʔ — To be exalted, noble, or spiritually elevated

လုပ်ငန်း

louʔ ngàn — Work, business, occupation, or enterprise

ပူဇော်

pu zò — To offer, dedicate, or present as an offering

ဆက်သပ်

sɛʔ thaʔ — To dedicate or consecrate oneself to a cause

ကြောင့်

kyaùn — Because of; due to; on account of

ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်း

kùn bin shín — Convention; a formal gathering or assembly meeting

ပထမဆုံး

pa tha má sóun — First of all; the very first in order

မိန့်ခွန်း

mein gùn — Speech, address, or formal spoken discourse

ကျွန်တော်

kyùn dò — I; me; first person masculine formal pronoun

မည်သော

ma dhò — Which; whatever; whichever type or kind

အခါမျှ

a khà hmyá — Never; at no time whatsoever

မမေ့နိုင်

ma mé naing — Unable to forget; impossible to erase from memory

ပေ

pè — Emphatic or assertive sentence-final particle

ကိုယ်ပိုင်

ko pain — Own; personal; belonging to oneself

စိတ်

seiʔ — Mind, heart, feeling, or mental state

အထူးထူး

a htu htu — Especially; in various special or extraordinary ways

အဆန်းဆန်း

a hsàn hsàn — Strange, unusual, or novel things; surprisingly different

စိတ်လှုပ်ရှားမှု

seiʔ hlwuʔ shà hmù — Excitement, emotional stirring, or feeling of enthusiasm

လူစု

lu su — A crowd, gathering, or group of people

ကြပ်ပြည့်

kyaʔ pyì — Packed full; tightly crowded or densely filled

ပရိသတ်

pa yi thaʔ — Audience, congregation, or assembled group of people

အပေါ်

a páw — On top of; above; regarding or toward someone

ဖန်တီး

phan tì — To create, invent, or bring something into being

အင်အား

in à — Strength, power, or collective force of a group

ကြီးမားသော

Great, large, or immense in size or importance

အထင်အမြင်

a htin a myìn — Opinion, perception, or view about someone or something

လုံးဝ

lóun wà — Completely, entirely, or absolutely without exception

အံ့အားသင့်

àn à thin — To be astonished, amazed, or taken aback

ပျော်ရွှင်

pyò shwin — Happy, joyful, or full of delight

စရာကောင်းသော

sa yà kaùn dhò — Worth doing; something good to engage in

အစ

a sa — Beginning, start, or origin of something

မှ

hmá — From; starting point marker; since; ablative particle

အဆုံး

a sóun — End, conclusion, or final point of something

ထိ

htì — Until; up to; reaching a certain point

လိုက်ပါ

laiʔ pà — To follow, accompany, or go along with someone

လာသော

là dhò — That which has come or arrived; coming

လက်ခုပ်သံ

lɛʔ khouʔ dhàn — Sound of applause; clapping of hands

အချိန်

a chein — Time, period, or moment in a duration

လောက်

lauʔ — About, approximately, enough, or to the extent of

ကျွန်ပြု

kyùn pyu — To enslave; to make someone a servant or slave

ဤမျှ

i hmyá — This much; to this degree or extent

ပြင်းထန်

pyìn htàn — Intense, severe, or strong in force or degree

မုန်းတီး

móun tì — To hate, detest, or feel strong aversion toward

ဖူးသည်

phú dhi — Have ever done; experiential past marker verb

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning said that or quoting speech

မထင်မိ

ma htin mi — Did not think of; failed to realize or expect

သေချာ

dhè chà — Certain, sure, definite, or without doubt

ပေါက်ပင်

pauʔ pin — A plant or tree that has sprouted or grown

သားကောင်

dhà gaùn — Prey; victim; a target of attack or harm

နတ်သား

naʔ dhà — Deity's son; divine being or angelic figure

သဖွယ်

tha phwɛ — Like, resembling, or in the manner of something

သဘော

tha bò — Meaning, sense, nature, or understanding of something

သဘာဝ

tha bà wà — Nature; the natural state or natural world

ကျရောက်

kya yauʔ — To fall upon; to befall; to arrive at

နှိပ်ကွပ်မှု

hneiʔ kwuʔ hmù — Oppression, suppression, or domination over people

ပတ်သက်သော

paʔ thɛʔ dhò — Related to; concerning; having to do with

ခံစားချက်

khan sà jɛʔ — Feeling, emotion, or personal subjective experience

မှာ

hmà — At; in; locative particle or command marker

ယခင်

ya khin — Previously, formerly, or in the past

က

ka — Subject marker particle in a sentence

ထက်

htɛʔ — Than; more than; comparative marker particle

အများကြီး

a myà ji — A lot; very much; a great amount

ပိုမို

pó mó — More; even more; to a greater degree

ရှင်းလင်း

shín lín — Clear, plain, explicit, or easy to understand

လာခဲ့သည်

là khɛ́ dhi — Came; has come; arrived from somewhere in past