Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 8

Vocabulary

ဤသည်

i. thì — This; referring to something just mentioned

စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ

seik paing hsaing ya — Relating to the mind or mental aspects

အဆင့်ကျဆင်းမှု

a.hsin kyah sin hmu — Degradation; decline in rank or status

၏

e̤ — Possessive or genitive particle; of, belonging to

ထူးခြားသော

htu: chà thaw — Unique; distinctive; standing out from others

ကိစ္စ

kei'sa' — Matter; affair; issue; a concern

တစ်ခု

ta' khu — One thing; a single item or instance

ဖြစ်ကြောင်း

hpyi' kyaung: — That it is; indicating a stated fact or reason

ဝန်ခံ

wùn khan — To admit; to confess; to acknowledge something

လျှင်

hlyin — If; when; conditional particle in Burmese

ပင်

pin — Even; indeed; emphatic particle reinforcing statement

၎င်း

di. jin: — He/she/it/they; formal third-person pronoun

သည်

thì — Topic marker; indicates subject of a sentence

အနည်းဆုံး

a.nè: hsoun: — At least; the minimum amount or number

အဖြူရောင်

a.hpyu yaung — White color; the color white

ကျွန်

kyùn — Slave; servant; one held in bondage

လူသားမှု

lu. thà hmu — Humanity; humanness; the quality of being human

တန်ဖိုး

tùn bou: — Value; worth; importance of something

နိမ့်ကျ

nein' kyah — Low; degraded; fallen in value or status

ခြင်း

chín: — Nominalizing suffix; turns verb into noun form

တွင်

twìn — In; at; within; locative particle

အမည်းရောင်

a.mé: yaung — Black color; the color black

နှင့်

hnin' — And; with; together with; conjunction

တညီတမျှ

ta. nyì ta. myha — Equally; uniformly; on the same level

နိုင်ကြောင်း

nain kyaung: — Indicating ability; that one can do something

သက်သေ

Proof; evidence; witness to something

ပြ

pya — To show; to demonstrate; to display

မစ္စတာ

mi' sa. ta — Mister; Mr.; title of address for a man

သူ

thu — He; she; third-person singular pronoun

ကိုယ်ပိုင်

ko. pain — Own; personal; belonging to oneself

စတိုင်

sa. tain — Style; manner; a particular way of doing

ဖြင့်

hpyin' — By; with; using; instrumental particle

စွမ်းဆောင်

swùn hsaung — To perform; to accomplish; to carry out

နိုင်

nain — Can; able to; expresses ability or possibility

သမျှ

tha. myha — All; everything; whatever there is

အကောင်းဆုံး

a.kaung: hsoun: — The best; most excellent among all options

ဇာတ်လမ်းတွဲ

za' làn: twɛ̀ — Series; story arc; connected sequence of narratives

ကို

go — Object marker; accusative particle in Burmese

ရေးသား

yè: thà: — To write; to compose a piece of writing

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of doing

အခြား

a.chà: — Other; another; different from this one

တစ်ဦး

ta' u: — One person; a single individual

ခေါ်ယူ

khaw yu — To call and bring; to summon someone

မည့်

myi' — Future tense marker; will; going to do

အစား

a.zà: — Instead of; in place of; as a substitute

ကိုယ်တိုင်

ko. tain — Oneself; personally; by one's own action

အလွန်

a.lwùn — Very; extremely; excessively; to a great degree

သင့်လျော်

thín lyaw — Appropriate; suitable; fitting for a situation

စွာ

swà — Adverbial suffix; in a particular manner

ရွေးချယ်

ywè: chɛ̀ — To choose; to select from available options

ခဲ့

khɛ̀ — Past tense marker; indicates completed past action

ထို့ကြောင့်

hto. kyaung' — Therefore; for that reason; consequently

လုံးဝ

loun: wà — Completely; absolutely; entirely; not at all

ထုတ်လုပ်မှု

hto' lo' hmu — Production; manufacturing; the act of producing

ဖြစ်

hpyi' — To be; to become; to happen; existence verb

အဖြစ်

a.hpyi' — As; in the capacity of; in the role of

ကြာမြင့်

kyà myin' — Long duration; to take a long time

မှောင်မိုက်

hmàung mai' — Darkness; gloom; dark and obscure condition

ဖြတ်သန်း

hpya' thàn: — To pass through; to traverse; to experience

ရ

ya — To get; to receive; can; resultative particle

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that; which; who

အသက်တာ

a.tha' tà — Lifetime; one's life span; duration of life

သံချည်နှောင်ကြိုး

thùn chì hnàung kyò: — Iron chains; shackles used to bind captives

များ

myà: — Plural marker; many; more than one

ချိုးဖဲ့

cho: hpɛ̀ — To break; to snap; to shatter something

ပြီး

pyì: — After; done; having completed an action

နောက်

nau' — After; behind; next; following in sequence

စိတ်ဉာဏ်

seik nyàn — Mind and intellect; mental capacity and wisdom

မြှင့်တင်

hmyin' tin — To elevate; to uplift; to raise someone up

အခွင့်အရေး

a.khwin' a.yè: — Right; opportunity; entitlement; privilege

မည်မျှ

myi myha — How much; how many; to what extent

နည်းပါး

né: bà: — Few; scarce; small in number or amount

ကြောင်း

kyaung: — Complementizer; that; because; reason marker

စဉ်းစား

sin: zà: — To think; to consider; to ponder carefully

ကျွန်တော်

kyùn-daw — I; me; formal first-person pronoun for males

ထင်မြင်ချက်

htin myin chɛ' — Opinion; view; personal perspective on something

အရ

a.ya — According to; based on; in accordance with

ဦးစူး

u: zu: — To focus on; to aim at; to direct attention

နှလုံးသား

hna. loun: thà: — Heart; the inner core of one's feelings

အတွက်

a.twɛ' — For; for the sake of; on behalf of

ဂုဏ်ယူ

goun yu — To be proud of; to take pride in something

ဖွယ်

hpwɛ̀ — Worthy of; deserving; likely to cause a feeling

ကောင်း

kaung: — Good; fine; positive quality or condition

မျက်ရည်

myɛ' yè — Tears; liquid from eyes when crying

မကျ

ma. kyah — Not falling; not dropping; not shedding (tears)

မျက်လုံး

myɛ' loun: — Eye; eyeball; the organ of sight

တုန်လှုပ်

toun hlo' — To tremble; to shake; to be deeply moved

ရင်ဘတ်

yin ba' — Chest; breast; the front of the torso

ဒုက္ခ

doi' kha' — Suffering; distress; hardship; pain

ရောက်

yau' — To reach; to arrive at; to get to somewhere

စိတ်

seik — Mind; heart; feeling; mental state

မပါ

ma. pà — Without; not included; not present

ဘဲ

bɛ̀ — Without doing; negative adverbial connector

ဖတ်ရှု

hpa' shu — To read; to study written material carefully

စနစ်

sa. ni' — System; method; organized structure or arrangement

ကူညီ

ku. nyì — To help; to assist; to support someone

အားလုံး

à: loun: — All; everyone; everything; the whole group

အပေါ်

a.baw — On; upon; above; regarding; toward

ထုတ်ဖော်

hto' hpaw — To reveal; to expose; to make something known

မပြော

ma. pyaw — Not speaking; not saying; to not tell

ရွံမုန်းမှု

ywùn moon: hmu — Hatred; loathing; strong feeling of disgust

မပြည့်နှက်

ma. pyì' hnɛ' — Not fully saturated; incomplete; not thoroughly filled

ထို

hto — That; those; referring to something mentioned before

ရွံရှာဖွယ်

ywùn sha hpwɛ̀ — Disgusting; revolting; worthy of strong disgust

ချက်ချင်း

chɛ' chín: — Immediately; right away; without delay

ဖြိုဖျက်

hpyo hpyɛ' — To destroy; to demolish; to break apart forcefully

ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်

hsoun: hpya' chɛ' — Decision; resolution; a determined course of action

မလှုံ့ဆော်

ma. hloun' hsaw — Not motivated; not stirred; lacking inspiration

အနိုင်ကျင့်

a.nain kyín' — To oppress; to bully; to abuse power over others

ခံ

khan — To endure; to bear; to receive or suffer

ဘက်

bɛ' — Side; direction; party; in favor of

အမြဲ

a.myɛ̀ — Always; constantly; at all times

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to be present; to have

နေ

nè — To live; to stay; to be (in a state)

ကယ်တင်

kɛ̀ tin — To save; to rescue; to deliver from danger

လက်

lɛ' — Hand; arm; the upper limb of the body

မတို

ma. to — Not short; of sufficient length; not brief

ဖြောင့်မတ်

hpyaung ma' — Righteous; upright; honest and morally straight

ဘုရားသခင်

hpu.yà: tha. khín — God; the Lord; the supreme divine being

ဤ

i. — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing

နိုင်ငံ

nain ngàn — Country; nation; state; sovereign territory

ကံကြမ္မာ

kùn kyam mà — Fate; destiny; karma; one's lot in life

မနေ

ma. nè — Not staying; not remaining; unable to stay still

ကဲ့သို့

kɛ̀ hto. — Like; as; similar to; in the manner of

လူသား

lu. thà: — Human being; mankind; a person

ဝိညာဉ်

wì nyàn — Spirit; soul; the spiritual essence of a person

ရောင်းဝယ်

yaung: wɛ̀ — To buy and sell; to trade; commerce

အခန်းကဏ္ဍ

a.khàn ga. ṇa — Role; section; part played in a larger whole

ဆောင်ရွက်

hsaung ywɛ' — To carry out; to perform; to execute a task

အရည်အချင်း

a.yè a.chín: — Qualification; quality; capability; competence

မည်

myi — Future tense particle; will; shall; going to