Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 9

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This (formal/literary demonstrative pronoun)

စာတမ်း

sa-dan: — Document, paper, or written statement

၏

i' — Possessive or linking particle (formal/literary)

ထုတ်ဖော်ချက်

htoke-phaw-chek — Declaration, disclosure, or revelation of information

များ

mya: — Plural marker; many or multiple things

အားလုံး

a:-lone: — All, everyone, or everything without exception

သည်

thi' — Subject marker or present tense verb particle

အဓိက

a-di' — Main, primary, or most important

အားဖြင့်

a:-phyin့ — By means of; through; in terms of

မှန်ကန်

hman-kan — Correct, accurate, or right

ဟု

hku — Quotative particle meaning 'that' or 'saying'

ကျွန်တော်

kyun-daw — I, me (formal male first-person pronoun)

ယုံကြည်

yone-kyi — To believe, trust, or have faith in

အဆိုပါ

a-hsoe-pa — The aforementioned; the said (referring back)

တွင်

twin — In, at, within (locative particle)

ရန်မုန်း

yan-mone: — Hatred, animosity, or hostile feelings toward someone

စိတ်

seit — Mind, heart, feeling, or mental state

ဖြင့်

phyin့ — With, by, using (instrumental particle)

ရေးသား

yay:-tha: — To write or compose a piece of writing

ထားသည့်

hta:-thi့ — That has been placed or kept; retained

အရာ

a-ya — Thing, object, matter, or item

တစ်ခု

ti't-khu — One (thing); a single item or unit

မျှ

hmya — Only, merely, just; as much as

မပါဝင်

ma-pa-win — Not included, not involved, absent from

ဘဲ

bè — Without (doing something); particle of negation

မည်သည့်

myi-thi့ — Whichever, whatever, any (interrogative/relative)

အချက်

a-chek — Point, fact, or key piece of information

ကို

ko — Object marker particle (direct object indicator)

အကြီးချဲ့

a-kyi:-chè့ — To exaggerate or magnify beyond actual truth

မထား

ma-hta: — Not placed, not kept, not retained

စိတ်ကူး

seit-ku: — Imagination, idea, or creative thought

စိတ်သန်း

seit-than: — Intention, motive, or purpose behind an action

မှ

hma — From, since, or out of (ablative particle)

ဖန်တီး

phan-ti: — To create, invent, or produce something new

ပေ

pe — Emphatic or assertive final particle

_ကျွန်

kyun — Slave or servant (also humble first-person pronoun)

စနစ်

sa-ni' — System, method, or organized arrangement

အမှန်တကယ်

a-hman-ta-ke' — Truly, really, in actual fact

ဖြစ်သည့်

phyi'-thi့ — Which is; that exists as; being

အတိုင်း_

a-tine: — According to; as it is; following exactly

ဆိုင်ရာ

hsine-ya — Related to, concerning, pertaining to a subject

တစ်ချက်

ti't-chek — Once; one time; a single instance or point

တည်း

ti: — Only, alone, solely (emphatic limiting particle)

ပင်

pin — Indeed, even, precisely (emphatic particle)

အလွန်အကျူး

a-lun-a-kyu: — Excessively, to an extreme or unreasonable degree

ဖော်ပြ

phaw-pya — To describe, indicate, or express clearly

မည့်

myi့ — Future tense marker; will (do something)

အစား

a-za: — Instead of; in place of something else

ဖြစ်ပျက်

phyi'-pye' — To happen, occur, or take place

ခဲ့သည့်

khè-thi့ — That occurred in the past; past tense marker

ထက်

hte' — Than; more than; comparative particle

နိမ့်ကျ

nein့-kya — To fall low; to decline or degrade in status

နေ

ne — To live, stay, or remain; progressive marker

သေး

thay: — Still, yet; also indicates smallness or diminishment

ကျွန်

kyun — Slave; also used as humble first-person pronoun

ဘဝ

ba-wa — Life, existence, or one's living condition

အတွေ့အကြုံ

a-twè-a-kyoun — Experience, personal encounter, or lived situation

အထူးအဆန်း

a-htu:-a-hsan: — Something strange, unusual, or extraordinary

မဟုတ်

ma-hkou' — Is not; negative copula particle

သူ

thu — He, she, or that person (third-person pronoun)

ကံကြမ္မာ

kan-kyam-ma — Fate, destiny, or one's karmic fortune

အထူးသဖြင့်

a-htu:-tha-phyin့ — Especially, particularly, in a special manner

ကြမ်းတမ်း

kyam:-dan: — Harsh, cruel, rough, or brutal in manner

ပြည်နယ်

pyi-ne' — State or province (administrative division)

ရှိ

shi' — To exist, be present, or be located

ဆက်ဆံ

hse'-hsan — To treat, deal with, or relate to someone

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into abstract nouns

ပုံစံ

pone-san — Form, style, pattern, or manner of something

တရားမျှတ

ta-ya:-hmya-ta — Fair, just, or equitable

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker (adjective-forming particle)

နမူနာ

na-mu-na — Example, sample, or model to illustrate a point

အဖြစ်

a-phyi' — As, in the capacity of, or as an example

ကိစ္စ

kei'-sa' — Matter, affair, issue, or case

မှတ်ယူ

hmat-yu — To note, regard, or take as a reference

နိုင်

nine — Can, able to, or capable of doing something

ပြီး

pyi: — After, finished, or completion marker

ယင်း

yin: — That, those (formal demonstrative pronoun/adjective)

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe-ma-hkou' — Or, otherwise, alternatively

တို့

doe — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns

ပိုမို

po-mo — More, to a greater extent or degree

ကောင်းမွန်

kaung-mun — Good, fine, or of quality; well-done

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix meaning 'in a ... manner'

အစာ

a-za — Food, nourishment, or something eaten

ကျွေး

kyway: — To feed someone or provide food to another

ကာ

ka — While doing; connective particle for simultaneous actions

ရက်စက်

ye'-se' — Cruel, brutal, or merciless in behavior

နည်းပါး

ni:-pa: — Few, scarce, or in small quantity

ခံရ

khan-ya — To receive or undergo (something unpleasant)

ကြောင်း

kyaung: — Nominalizing particle indicating a reported fact

လက်ခံ

le'-khan — To accept, receive, or acknowledge something

ထား

hta: — To keep, place, or put away; resultative marker

ကြ

kya — Plural verb marker; to do together collectively

လယ်ယာ

le'-ya — Farmland, field, or agricultural land

ခြံ

chaan — Yard, farm enclosure, or fenced compound

ဒုက္ခ

dou'-kha' — Suffering, hardship, misery, or difficulty

ရောက်

yauk — To arrive at, reach, or attain a place or state

အလွန်

a-lun — Very, extremely, or exceedingly

နည်း

ni: — Method, way; also means 'few' or 'little'

သည့်

thi့ — Relative clause marker (who/which/that)

အချိန်

a-chein — Time, period, or a specific moment

နှင့်

hnin့ — And, with, together with (connective particle)

နှိုင်းယှဉ်

hnine:-hshein — To compare or contrast two things

မရ

ma-ya — Cannot get; unable to obtain or achieve

ခံစား

khan-za: — To feel, experience, or sense emotionally or physically

ခဲ့

khè — Past tense marker indicating completed action

ရ

ya — To get, obtain, or be able to

များစွာ

mya:-zwa — Many, a great number, or a large amount

သို့သော်

thoe-thaw — However, but, nevertheless (contrast connector)

အခြေအနေ

a-chè-a-ne — Situation, condition, or state of affairs

မှာ

hma — At, in, on; locative or dative particle

မည်မျှ

myi-hmya — How much, how many (interrogative of degree)

ဝမ်းနည်း

wun-ni: — To be sad, sorrowful, or grieved

ဖွယ်

phwe' — Likely to be; worthy of; deserving (suffix)

ကောင်း

kaung: — Good, nice, or favorable

သနည်း

tha-ni: — Question particle (is it? does it?)

ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ

ko'-khan-da — Physical body or bodily form

ပေါ်

paw — On, upon, above; surface location particle

ကြောက်မက်

kyauk-me' — Frightening, terrifying, or dreadful

အပြစ်ဒဏ်

a-pyi'-dan — Punishment, penalty, or consequence for wrongdoing

ကျရောက်

kya-yauk — To befall, descend upon, or fall on someone

ဝိညာဉ်

wi-nyan — Spirit, soul, or inner spiritual being

ထို

hto — That (formal demonstrative adjective/pronoun)

ပို

po — More; to a greater degree (comparative)

၍

yway — Therefore, so, and then (formal connective particle)

ထိတ်လန့်

hteit-lan့ — To be startled, shocked, or frightened suddenly

ကျူးလွန်

kyu:-lun — To commit (a crime or wrong act)

မြင့်မြတ်

myin့-myat — Noble, lofty, or spiritually elevated

စွမ်းအား

zun:-a: — Power, capability, or strength to do things

တောင့်တ

taung့-ta — To desire, long for, or crave something

အတူ

a-tu — Together, along with, or in company of

စိတ်နှလုံးသား

seit-hna-lone:-tha: — Heart and mind; innermost feelings and thoughts

တူညီ

tu-nyi — Same, equal, identical, or matching

ဝန်ခံ

wun-khan — To admit, confess, or acknowledge a fact

မက

ma-ka — Apart from; not only; beyond that

တိရစ္ဆာန်

ta-yi'-hsan — Animal, beast, or non-human creature

တစ်ကောင်

ti't-kaung — One animal (counter word for animals)

ကဲ့သို့

kè-thoe — Like, similar to, as if

တာဝန်

ta-wun — Responsibility, duty, or obligation

ဝတ္တရား

wat-ta-ya: — Duty, moral obligation, or binding responsibility

အောက်

auk — Below, under, or beneath something

အဆက်မပြတ်

a-hse'-ma-pya' — Continuously, without stopping or interruption

ခံ

khan — To endure, bear, receive, or undergo

အကြပ်ဆုံး

a-kyat-hzone: — Most severe, tightest, or harshest degree

မိတ်ဆွေ

meit-hswe — Friend or close acquaintance

အကြံဉာဏ်

a-kyan-nyan — Advice, suggestion, or wise counsel

အကူအညီ

a-ku-a-nyi — Help, assistance, or support given to someone

ကင်းမဲ့

kin:-mè့ — Lacking, devoid of, or without something

မျှော်လင့်ချက်

hmyaw-lin့-chek — Hope, expectation, or anticipation for the future

နောက်ဆုံး

nauk-hzone: — Last, final, or at the very end

အလင်းတန်း

a-lin:-tan: — Ray or beam of light

မည်းမှောင်

myi:-hmwaung — Dark, gloomy, or pitch black

ခြင်း

chyin: — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into noun forms

ဖုံးလွှမ်း

phone:-lhwan: — To cover over, overwhelm, or engulf completely

အနာဂတ်

a-na-ga' — Future, time yet to come

ကြောက်ရွံ့

kyauk-yun့ — To fear, dread, or feel afraid of something

စိုးရိမ်

so:-yein — To worry, be anxious, or be concerned about

ပြည့်

pyi့ — Full, complete, or filled to capacity

စေ

ze — Causative particle; to cause or make someone do

သန်းခေါင်

than:-kaung — Midnight; the middle of the night

ယံ

yan — Sky, heaven, or the celestial realm

လေးလံ

le:-lan — Heavy, weighty, or burdensome