Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 15

Vocabulary

Nếu

Nếu — Conditional conjunction meaning 'if'

là

là — To be; linking verb indicating identity

điều

điều — Thing, matter, or condition (abstract)

sau

sau — After, behind, or following in time

bạn

bạn — Friend; second-person pronoun for peers

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

sẵn

sẵn — Ready, available, or prepared in advance

sàng

sàng — Ready; used with 'sẵn' meaning fully prepared

làm

làm — To do, make, or perform an action

gì

gì — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things

và

và — And; conjunction connecting words or phrases

dám

dám — To dare; to have courage to do something

vì

vì — Because; for the sake of someone or something

họ

họ — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

Hãy

Hãy — Imperative particle urging someone to do something

trung

trung — Loyal, faithful; middle or central (prefix)

thành

thành — Faithful, sincere; to become or accomplish

hãy

hãy — Imperative marker meaning 'please do' or 'let's'

cảnh

cảnh — To warn; scene, scenery, or circumstance

giác

giác — To be alert, vigilant, or watchful

không

không — No, not; negation particle in Vietnamese

mệt

mệt — Tired, weary, or exhausted physically

mỏi

mỏi — Fatigued, aching; worn out from effort

trong

trong — In, inside, within; preposition of location

nỗ

nỗ — Effort; used in 'nỗ lực' meaning strenuous effort

lực

lực — Force, strength, power; effort or energy

phá

phá — To break, destroy, or dismantle something

vỡ

vỡ — To shatter, crack, or break apart completely

mọi

mọi — Every, all; referring to all things or people

xiềng

xiềng — Chain, shackle; used in 'xiềng xích' meaning chains

xích

xích — Chain, shackle; part of 'xiềng xích' meaning bondage

để

để — To, in order to; purpose conjunction or 'let'

người

người — Person, people; human being or individual

bị

bị — Passive marker indicating suffering an action

áp

áp — To press, oppress; used in 'áp bức' meaning oppression

bức

bức — To oppress, coerce; classifier for pictures/letters

được

được — To be able to; to receive or obtain something

tự

tự — Self; free, independent; used in 'tự do'

do

do — Freedom; cause or reason for something

Dù

Dù — Even though, although; concessive conjunction

có

có — To have; there is/are; existence marker

chuyện

chuyện — Story, matter, affair; something that happens

xảy

xảy — To occur, happen; used in 'xảy ra' meaning to happen

ra

ra — Out, outward; directional complement or result marker

dù

dù — Even if, regardless; concessive conjunction

phải

phải — Must, have to; right side; to be correct

trả

trả — To pay, return, or give back something owed

giá

giá — Price, cost; value of something

thế

thế — Such, so, that way; world or situation

nào

nào — Which, what kind; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

khắc

khắc — To engrave, carve; moment in time

lên

lên — Up, upward; directional complement indicating ascent

ngọn

ngọn — Tip, top; classifier for flames and flags

cờ

cờ — Flag, banner; also refers to chess

mà

mà — But, yet; relative particle or emphasis marker

tung

tung — To wave, toss, or spread out freely

bay

bay — To fly, flutter; used in 'tung bay' meaning wave

trước

trước — Before, in front of; prior in time or space

gió

gió — Wind; breeze blowing through the air

như

như — Like, as; comparison particle in sentences

khẩu

khẩu — Mouth; classifier for slogans and firearms

hiệu

hiệu — Slogan, signal, sign; brand or symbol

tôn

tôn — To revere; religion; zinc (material)

giáo

giáo — Religion, teaching; used in 'tôn giáo' meaning religion

chính

chính — Political, main, official; correct or primary

trị

trị — Politics; to govern or treat (medically)

của

của — Of, belonging to; possessive preposition

KHÔNG

KHÔNG — No, not; emphatic negation in uppercase

THỎA

THỎA — To satisfy, agree; used in 'thỏa hiệp' meaning compromise

HIỆP

HIỆP — To compromise, cooperate; agreement or alliance

VỚI

VỚI — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or relationship

CHẾ

CHẾ — System, regime; to control or manufacture

ĐỘ

ĐỘ — Degree, level; regime or system of governance

NÔ

NÔ — Slave; used in 'nô lệ' meaning slavery

LỆ

LỆ — Slave, servant; used in 'nô lệ' meaning slavery

LIÊN

LIÊN — To connect, unite; used in 'liên kết' meaning link

KẾT

KẾT — To connect, conclude; result or bond

NHỮNG

NHỮNG — Plural marker for nouns; those, these things

KẺ

KẺ — Person (often pejorative); individual or character

SỞ

SỞ — To own; department, bureau, or office

HỮU

HỮU — To possess, own; used in 'sở hữu' meaning ownership

ngày

ngày — Day; daytime; used with dates and time

tháng

tháng — Month; used with numbers to indicate months

năm

năm — Year; five; used in dates and time expressions

THƯ

THƯ — Letter, correspondence; written communication

TỪ

TỪ — From; word; preposition indicating origin or source

QUÝ

QUÝ — Dear, precious, respected; honorific address term

ÔNG

ÔNG — Mister, sir; grandfather; respectful address for men

Người

Người — Person, people; human being (capitalized for emphasis)

thân

thân — Dear, close; body; intimate relationship

mến

mến — To like, be fond of; affectionate feeling

tôi

tôi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

Bạn

Bạn — You, friend; second-person singular peer pronoun

nhớ

nhớ — To remember, miss someone; recall from memory

câu

câu — Sentence, phrase; classifier for proverbs and sentences

ngụ

ngụ — To reside; implied meaning; used in 'ngụ ngôn' meaning fable

ngôn

ngôn — Language, speech; words or expression

cũ

cũ — Old, used, former; not new or recent

đàn

đàn — Group, herd; musical instrument; classifier for groups

ông

ông — Mister, grandfather; respectful pronoun for older men

con

con — Child; classifier for animals; offspring

sư

sư — Lion; monk; teacher or master

tử

tử — Die, death; lion (in 'sư tử'); son

nơi

nơi — Place, location, where; a specific spot

phàn

phàn — To complain; used in 'phàn nàn' meaning to grumble

nàn

nàn — To complain, lament; used with 'phàn' for complaining

rằng

rằng — That; complementizer introducing reported speech

nó

nó — It, he, she; third-person pronoun (informal)

sẽ

sẽ — Will; future tense marker in Vietnamese

xuyên

xuyên — To pierce through; used in 'xuyên tạc' meaning distort

tạc

tạc — To distort, misrepresent; to carve or engrave

vậy

vậy — So, thus, like that; conclusion or confirmation

khi

khi — When; temporal conjunction for time clauses

những

những — Plural marker; those, several things or people

viết

viết — To write; pen; written composition

lịch

lịch — Calendar; history; used in 'lịch sử' meaning history

sử

sử — History; used in 'lịch sử' meaning historical record

Tôi

Tôi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun (capitalized)

vui

vui — Happy, joyful, glad; positive emotional state

mừng

mừng — To rejoice, be glad; celebratory happiness

thời

thời — Time, era, period; temporal reference

điểm

điểm — Point, spot, moment; score or grade

đến

đến — To arrive, come to; until; reaching a destination

Chúng

Chúng — We, us; they (plural pronoun, first or third person)

ta

ta — We, us; first-person plural inclusive pronoun

bỏ

bỏ — To leave, abandon, put aside; drop something

lại

lại — Again; to remain; directional complement backward

đủ

đủ — Enough, sufficient; adequate amount or degree

lâu

lâu — Long time; for a long duration

hiểu

hiểu — To understand, comprehend; grasp meaning or concept

bản

bản — Nature, original; copy; classifier for documents

chất

chất — Nature, essence, quality; substance or character

chế

chế — System, regime; to control or regulate

độ

độ — Degree, level; regime or system

nô

nô — Slave; used in 'nô lệ' meaning slavery

lệ

lệ — Slave; custom; used in 'nô lệ' meaning bondage

từ

từ — From, since; word; preposition of origin

bằng

bằng — By means of, using; flat; equal; diploma

chứng

chứng — Evidence, proof; to witness or testify

nguyện

nguyện — To wish, vow; willing; desire or prayer

các

các — Plural marker for specific group of people or things

chủ

chủ — Owner, master, host; main or primary

nhân

nhân — Person, cause; human; factor or reason

thể

thể — Can, able to; body; form or style

thực

thực — Real, actual, true; food or to eat

sự

sự — Matter, affair; nominalizer for abstract nouns

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, whole; to return or finish

toàn

toàn — Entirely, completely; whole or total

thỏa

thỏa — To satisfy, be content with; agree to

mãn

mãn — Satisfied, fulfilled; end or expire

với

với — With, to; preposition for accompaniment or direction

rõ

rõ — Clear, obvious, evident; clearly understood

ràng

ràng — Clear (in 'rõ ràng'); to bind or tie

nhìn

nhìn — To look at, view, observe; to see

chung

chung — General, common, shared; overall or together

kết

kết — Result, conclude; to tie or connect

quả

quả — Result, fruit; outcome or consequence

mối

mối — Relationship, connection; classifier for relations

quan

quan — Relation, official; to observe or concern

hệ

hệ — System, relation; used in 'quan hệ' meaning relationship

cần

cần — Need, must, necessary; require something

tìm

tìm — To search, look for, seek something

kiếm

kiếm — To earn, find; sword; used in 'tìm kiếm' to search

thêm

thêm — More, additional; to add to something

xem

xem — To watch, see, look; to examine or consider

liệu

liệu — Whether, data; to consider or manage

chúng

chúng — They, them, us; third-person plural pronoun

trường

trường — School, field; long; case or situation

hợp

hợp — Case, match; to fit or combine together

hay

hay — Or; interesting; often; good or skilled

Thực

Thực — Actually, in reality; true or factual

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just; to point at; thread

chằm

chằm — To stare fixedly; to focus attention intently

vào

vào — Into, in; directional complement inward

nửa

nửa — Half; one of two equal parts

đấu

đấu — Unit of measurement; to fight or compete

ngô

ngô — Corn, maize; staple grain crop

mỗi

mỗi — Each, every; referring to individual items

tuần

tuần — Week; period of seven days

thích

thích — To like, enjoy; fond of something

đếm

đếm — To count, enumerate; number things sequentially

vết

vết — Mark, trace, scar; physical impression left behind

roi

roi — Whip, lash; instrument used for beating

trên

trên — On, above, upper; preposition of position

lưng

lưng — Back (of body); rear part of torso

hiếm

hiếm — Rare, scarce; seldom occurring or found

tạo

tạo — To create, make, form; produce something

nên

nên — Should; therefore; to become or result in

nhà

nhà — House, home; person (expert in field)

cải

cải — To reform, correct; mustard greens vegetable

cách

cách — Way, method; to reform; distance from

tranh

tranh — To argue, compete; picture, painting; bamboo

xóa

xóa — To erase, delete, abolish; remove completely

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a lot; large quantity

đang

đang — Currently, in the process of; progressive marker

chờ

chờ — To wait, await; expect something to arrive

đợi

đợi — To wait for; await patiently for something

thí

thí — Experiment, test; used in 'thí nghiệm' meaning experiment

nghiệm

nghiệm — Experiment; to verify; used in 'thí nghiệm'

Tây

Tây — West; Western; used in 'Tây Ấn' meaning West Indies

Ấn

Ấn — India; Indies; stamp; used in 'Tây Ấn' West Indies

gia

gia — To join; family; home; used in 'gia nhập'

nhập

nhập — To join, enter; used in 'gia nhập' meaning to join

hàng

hàng — Row, rank; goods; used in 'hàng ngũ' meaning ranks

ngũ

ngũ — Ranks, file; five; military formation

Những

Những — Those, these; plural marker (capitalized for emphasis)

đó

đó — That, there; demonstrative pronoun or adverb

rồi

rồi — Already, then; indicates completion of action

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; adversative conjunction between clauses

than

than — To lament, sigh; coal; used in 'than ôi'