Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — Page 9

Vocabulary

我

wǒ — I, me, first-person singular pronoun

确信

quèxìn — To be certain or firmly convinced of something

这

zhè — This, referring to something nearby or just mentioned

本

běn — Measure word for books; this (book)

书

shū — Book, a written or printed work

在

zài — In, at, on; indicates location or ongoing action

所有

suǒyǒu — All, every; everything that exists or belongs

陈述

chénshù — Statement, to state or describe facts clearly

上

shàng — On, above; regarding a matter or aspect

本质

běnzhì — Essence, fundamental nature of something

都

dōu — All, both; indicating totality or without exception

是

shì — Is, are, am; the verb to be

真实

zhēnshí — True, real, authentic and not fabricated

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification

其中

qízhōng — Among them, within that group or set

没有

méiyǒu — Do not have, there is not, absence of something

任何

rènhé — Any, whatever; used in negative or question contexts

出于

chūyú — Arising from, motivated by a particular reason

恶意

èyì — Malice, ill intent, deliberate desire to harm

而

ér — And, but, yet; connects contrasting or sequential clauses

写下

xiě xià — To write down, to record something in writing

内容

nèiróng — Content, substance of a text or message

夸大

kuādà — To exaggerate, to overstate beyond actual facts

出自

chūzì — To come from, to originate from a source

想象

xiǎngxiàng — Imagination, to imagine or visualize something mentally

描述

miáoshù — Description, to describe or depict in detail

它

tā — It, third-person singular pronoun for objects

所

suǒ — Particle used before a verb to nominalize it

呈现

chéngxiàn — To present, display, or show something visually

不及

bùjí — Does not reach, falls short of a standard

现实

xiànshí — Reality, the actual state of the world

之

zhī — Classical particle indicating possession or modification

残酷

cánkù — Cruel, brutal, merciless in nature or action

而非

érfēi — Rather than, instead of; introduces a contrast

对

duì — Toward, regarding; correct; a preposition of direction

奴隶制

núlìzhì — Slavery, the system of owning people as property

现状

xiànzhuàng — Current situation, the present state of affairs

一个

yī gè — One, a single item or instance of something

事实

shìshí — Fact, something known to be true and real

有所

yǒusuǒ — To have some degree of; somewhat, to some extent

作为

zuòwéi — As, in the role of; to serve as something

奴隶

núlì — Slave, a person owned and controlled by another

经历

jīnglì — Experience, to go through events or situations

并非

bìngfēi — Is not at all, definitely not; emphatic negation

特例

tèlì — Special case, an exception to the general rule

他

tā — He, him; third-person singular male pronoun

遭遇

zāoyù — Encounter, to suffer an unfortunate experience

格外

géwài — Especially, particularly, to an exceptional degree

艰难

jiānnán — Difficult, arduous, full of hardship and struggle

案例

ànlì — Case, an instance used as an example or study

可以

kěyǐ — Can, may; expressing permission or possibility

被

bèi — Passive marker indicating the subject receives an action

视为

shìwéi — To regard as, to consider something to be

对待

duìdài — To treat, to handle or deal with someone

方式

fāngshì — Method, way, manner of doing something

相当

xiāngdāng — Quite, fairly; equivalent to, considerably

典型

diǎnxíng — Typical, representative example of a category

样本

yàngběn — Sample, a specimen representing a larger group

众所周知

zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī — As everyone knows, a widely acknowledged fact

获得

huòdé — To obtain, to gain or acquire something

饮食

yǐnshí — Food and drink, diet, eating and drinking habits

条件

tiáojiàn — Conditions, circumstances or terms of a situation

更好

gèng hǎo — Better, superior in comparison to something else

受到

shòudào — To receive, to be subjected to treatment or impact

也

yě — Also, too; indicating addition or similarity

少于

shǎoyú — Less than, fewer than a specified amount

或

huò — Or, either; presenting an alternative choice

许多

xǔduō — Many, a large number or great quantity of

人

rén — Person, people, human being

苦难

kǔnàn — Suffering, hardship, great pain and misery

远远

yuǎnyuǎn — Far, by far; to a great degree or extent

超过

chāoguò — To exceed, to surpass a limit or quantity

种植园

zhòngzhíyuán — Plantation, a large farm growing cash crops

中

zhōng — In, inside, within a place or group

却

què — Yet, but; indicating an unexpected contrast

寥寥无几

liáoliáo wú jǐ — Very few, only a tiny number remain

然而

rán'ér — However, yet; introducing a contrasting statement

处境

chǔjìng — Situation, the circumstances one finds oneself in

何等

héděng — How, what kind of; expressing exclamatory degree

悲惨

bēicǎn — Miserable, wretched, full of sorrow and suffering

身体

shēntǐ — Body, the physical form of a person

遭受

zāoshòu — To suffer, to be subjected to harm or misfortune

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or changed state

骇人

hàirén — Horrifying, terrifying, shocking to the senses

惩罚

chéngfá — Punishment, penalty imposed for wrongdoing

精神

jīngshén — Spirit, mind, mental or spiritual dimension of a person

蒙受

méngshòu — To suffer, to sustain damage or indignity

摧残

cuīcán — To devastate, to inflict severe damage on someone

更是

gèng shì — Even more so, all the more; emphasizing degree

令人

lìngrén — To make people feel; causing a certain emotion

震惊

zhènjīng — Shocked, astonished, deeply startled by something

凭借

píngjiè — By means of, relying on a talent or tool

着

zhe — Particle indicating ongoing state or action

高贵

gāoguì — Noble, dignified, of high moral or social worth

才能

cáinéng — Talent, ability, natural skill or aptitude

与

yǔ — And, with; connecting nouns or noun phrases

崇高

chónggāo — Lofty, sublime, of the highest moral standard

抱负

bàofù — Ambition, aspiration, a person's high goals

如

rú — Like, as if, resembling something else

野兽

yěshòu — Wild beast, a fierce and savage animal

般

bān — Like, similar to; a comparative suffix

甚至

shènzhì — Even, to the extent that; emphasizing an extreme case

那些

nàxiē — Those, referring to a plural group previously mentioned

声称

shēngchēng — To claim, to assert something without proof

心中

xīnzhōng — In the heart, within one's mind or feelings

怀有

huáiyǒu — To harbor, to hold a feeling or belief inside

基督

Jīdū — Christ, referring to Jesus Christ in Christianity

耶稣

Yēsū — Jesus, the central figure of Christian religion

不断

búduàn — Continuously, without stopping, incessantly

地

de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb

陷于

xiànyú — To fall into, to be trapped in a situation

可怖

kěbù — Dreadful, terrifying, inspiring great fear

险境

xiǎnjìng — Dangerous situation, perilous circumstances

之中

zhīzhōng — Within, among, in the midst of something

即便

jíbiàn — Even if, even though; conceding a condition

最

zuì — Most, the superlative degree of an adjective

危急

wēijí — Critical, urgent, extremely dangerous moment

关头

guāntóu — Critical juncture, a decisive or crucial moment

缺乏

quēfá — To lack, to be short of something needed

友善

yǒushàn — Friendly, kind, showing goodwill toward others

忠告

zhōnggào — Sincere advice, honest counsel given to someone

援助

yuánzhù — Aid, assistance provided in times of need

那

nà — That, referring to something distant or previously stated

笼罩

lǒngzhào — To envelop, to cover or shroud completely

将

jiāng — Will, about to; marker of future or disposal

最后

zuìhòu — Last, final, at the very end

一丝

yī sī — A trace, a tiny bit of something remaining

希望

xīwàng — Hope, wish; to desire or expect something

遮蔽

zhēbì — To cover, to block or obscure from view

于

yú — In, at, from; classical preposition of location

黑暗

hēiàn — Darkness, the absence of light; metaphor for despair

令

lìng — To cause, to make; a causative verb

未来

wèilái — Future, the time that has not yet come

充满

chōngmǎn — To be filled with, full of a quality or feeling

恐惧

kǒngjù — Fear, dread, a strong feeling of fright

阴霾

yīnmái — Haze, gloom; metaphor for oppressive atmosphere

深重

shēnzhòng — Deep and heavy, extremely serious in degree

沉重

chénzhòng — Heavy, weighty; burdensome in feeling or load