Notre-Dame de Paris — Page 2

Vocabulary

Ainsi

ɛ̃.si — Thus, so; used to introduce a conclusion or summary.

à

a — Preposition meaning to, at, or in.

l'

l — Contracted definite article the before a vowel.

exception

ɛk.sɛp.sjɔ̃ — Exception; something excluded from a general rule.

du

dy — Contracted article meaning of the or some.

fragile

fʁa.ʒil — Fragile; easily broken or delicate.

souvenir

su.və.niʁ — Memory or keepsake; recollection of a past event.

que

kə — That, which, or than; versatile conjunction and pronoun.

auteur

o.tœʁ — Author; person who writes a literary work.

de

də — Of, from; common French preposition with many uses.

ce

sə — This, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun.

livre

livʁ — Book; a written or printed literary work.

lui

lɥi — Him, to him; third-person singular personal pronoun.

consacre

kɔ̃.sakʁ — Dedicates or devotes; third-person singular of consacrer.

ici

i.si — Here; indicating the present location or this place.

il

il — He or it; third-person singular masculine pronoun.

ne

nə — Negative particle used with pas or other negators.

reste

ʁɛst — Remains; what is left over from something.

aujourd'hui

o.ʒuʁ.dɥi — Today; referring to the current day.

absolument

ap.sɔ.ly.mɑ̃ — Absolutely; completely, with no exceptions whatsoever.

rien

ʁjɛ̃ — Nothing; not anything at all.

mystérieux

mis.te.ʁjø — Mysterious; strange and difficult to explain or understand.

mot

mo — Word; a single unit of language.

gravé

ɡʁa.ve — Engraved or carved; inscribed into a hard surface.

dans

dɑ̃ — In, inside; preposition indicating location or context.

la

la — The; feminine singular definite article.

sombre

sɔ̃bʁ — Dark, gloomy; lacking light or cheerfulness.

tour

tuʁ — Tower; a tall narrow building or structure.

Notre-Dame

nɔtʁ.dam — Our Lady; famous Gothic cathedral in Paris.

destinée

dɛs.ti.ne — Destiny or fate; one's predetermined course in life.

qu'

k — That, which; contracted form of que before vowel.

résumait

ʁe.zy.mɛ — Summarized; imperfect tense of résumer, to sum up.

si

si — If or so; conditional conjunction or intensifying adverb.

tristement

tʁis.tə.mɑ̃ — Sadly; in a sorrowful or melancholy manner.

L'

l — Contracted definite article the before a vowel.

homme

ɔm — Man; an adult male human being.

qui

ki — Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun.

écrivit

e.kʁi.vi — Wrote; simple past tense of écrire, to write.

sur

syʁ — On, upon; preposition indicating position on a surface.

le

lə — The; masculine singular definite article.

mur

myʁ — Wall; a vertical structure dividing or enclosing a space.

a

a — Has; third-person singular of avoir, to have.

disparu

dis.pa.ʁy — Disappeared; past participle of disparaître, to vanish.

milieu

mi.ljø — Middle or environment; the surrounding social context.

des

de — Of the or some; plural indefinite or partitive article.

générations

ʒe.ne.ʁa.sjɔ̃ — Generations; groups of people born around the same time.

humaines

y.mɛn — Human; relating to people or human beings, feminine plural.

y

i — There, in it; adverbial pronoun replacing a place.

bien

bjɛ̃ — Well, good; adverb expressing quality or emphasis.

siècles

sjɛkl — Centuries; periods of one hundred years each.

son

sɔ̃ — His, her, its; third-person singular possessive adjective.

été

e.te — Been; past participle of être, also means summer.

effacé

ɛ.fa.se — Erased or wiped away; removed from a surface.

église

e.ɡliz — Church; a Christian place of worship or building.

elle-même

ɛl.mɛm — Herself, itself; emphatic reflexive feminine pronoun.

disparaîtra

dis.pa.ʁɛ.tʁa — Will disappear; future tense of disparaître, to vanish.

peut-être

pø.tɛtʁ — Perhaps, maybe; expressing uncertainty or possibility.

bientôt

bjɛ̃.to — Soon; in the near future, not long from now.

surface

syʁ.fas — Surface; the outside or outermost layer of something.

terre

tɛʁ — Earth, ground, land; the world or soil.

C'

s — Contracted demonstrative pronoun it or this before est.

est

ɛ — Is; third-person singular of être, to be.

fondé

fɔ̃.de — Founded or established; past participle of fonder.

Mars

maʁs — March; the third month of the year.

TABLE

tabl — Table; here refers to a table of contents.

DES

de — Of the; plural article used in headings or titles.

MATIÈRES

ma.tjɛʁ — Matters, subjects; used in table of contents heading.

PRÉFACE

pʁe.fas — Preface; introductory section written before the main text.

TOME

tom — Volume or tome; one book of a multi-volume work.

LIVRE

livʁ — Book or section; a major division of a literary work.

PREMIER

pʁə.mje — First; ordinal adjective indicating the first in order.

CHAPITRE

ʃa.pitʁ — Chapter; a numbered section of a book.

LA

la — The; feminine definite article used in headings.

GRAND-SALLE

ɡʁɑ̃.sal — Great hall; large ceremonial room in a medieval building.

MONSIEUR

mə.sjø — Mister, sir; formal title for an adult man.

LE

lə — The; masculine definite article used in headings.

CARDINAL

kaʁ.di.nal — Cardinal; senior church official ranking below the pope.

MAÎTRE

mɛtʁ — Master; title for a skilled professional or teacher.

DEUXIÈME

dø.zjɛm — Second; ordinal adjective meaning the second in order.

DE

də — Of, from; preposition used in headings and titles.

EN

ɑ̃ — In, into; preposition indicating state or movement.

PLACE

plas — Square or place; an open public area in a town.

GRÈVE

ɡʁɛv — Grève; historic Paris square, site of public executions.

BAISERS

be.ze — Kisses; plural of baiser, a kiss.

POUR

puʁ — For; preposition indicating purpose, exchange, or benefit.

COUPS

ku — Blows or hits; plural of coup, a strike or blow.

LES

le — The; plural definite article for both genders.

INCONVÉNIENTS

ɛ̃.kɔ̃.ve.njɑ̃ — Inconveniences or drawbacks; plural of inconvénient.

SUIVRE

sɥivʁ — To follow; infinitive verb meaning to pursue or track.

UNE

yn — A, an; feminine indefinite article, also means one.

JOLIE

ʒɔ.li — Pretty; adjective describing an attractive or lovely woman.

FEMME

fam — Woman or wife; an adult female human being.

DANS

dɑ̃ — In, inside; preposition indicating location within something.

RUES

ʁy — Streets; plural of rue, a road in a town.

SOIR

swaʁ — Evening; the period between afternoon and nighttime.

SUITE

sɥit — Continuation or suite; what follows from something previous.

DANGERS

dɑ̃.ʒe — Dangers; plural of danger, a risk or threat.

CRUCHE

kʁyʃ — Pitcher or jug; an earthenware vessel for liquid.

CASSÉE

ka.se — Broken; past participle of casser, feminine form.

NUIT

nɥi — Night; the dark period between sunset and sunrise.

NOCES

nɔs — Wedding or nuptials; plural noun for marriage celebrations.

TROISIÈME

tʁwa.zjɛm — Third; ordinal adjective meaning the third in order.

NOTRE-DAME

nɔtʁ.dam — Our Lady; title of the Virgin Mary and the cathedral.

À

a — At, to; preposition indicating direction, location, or purpose.

VOL

vɔl — Flight or theft; here means a bird's-eye view flight.

D'

d — Of; contracted preposition before a vowel sound.

OISEAU

wa.zo — Bird; a feathered winged animal capable of flying.

QUATRIÈME

ka.tʁi.jɛm — Fourth; ordinal adjective meaning the fourth in order.

BONNES

bɔn — Good; feminine plural adjective meaning kind or virtuous.

ÂMES

am — Souls; plural of âme, the spiritual part of a person.

CHIEN

ʃjɛ̃ — Dog; a domesticated canine kept as a pet or worker.

ET

e — And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses.

SON

sɔ̃ — His, her, its; third-person singular possessive adjective.

IMPOPULARITÉ

ɛ̃.pɔ.py.la.ʁi.te — Unpopularity; the state of being disliked by many people.

CINQUIÈME

sɛ̃.kjɛm — Fifth; ordinal adjective meaning the fifth in order.

CECI

sə.si — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby.

TUERA

tɥ.ʁa — Will kill; future tense of tuer, to kill or destroy.

CELA

sə.la — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

SIXIÈME

si.zjɛm — Sixth; ordinal adjective meaning the sixth in order.