On Liberty — Page 1

Vocabulary

Produit

prɔdɥi — Produced; created or manufactured by someone

par

par — By; preposition indicating agent or means

et

e — And; basic coordinating conjunction

l'

l — The; contracted definite article before vowel

équipe

ekip — Team; group of people working together

de

də — Of, from; very common French preposition

correction

kɔrɛksjɔ̃ — Correction; act of fixing errors or mistakes

en

ɑ̃ — In, on; common French preposition

ligne

liɲ — Line; row or online context

distribuée

distribɥe — Distributed; spread out or shared widely

à

a — To, at; very common French preposition

De

də — Of, from; preposition also used in titles

la

la — The; feminine definite article

Liberté

libɛrte — Liberty; freedom from oppression or restraint

Par

par — By; preposition indicating authorship or agent

Avec

avɛk — With; preposition indicating accompaniment

une

yn — A, an; feminine indefinite article

introduction

ɛ̃trɔdyksjɔ̃ — Introduction; opening section of a text

Londres

lɔ̃dr — London; capital city of England

À

a — To, at; preposition used in dedications

mémoire

memwar — Memory; remembrance of a deceased person

bien-aimée

bjɛneme — Beloved; dearly loved person

regrettée

rəɡrɛte — Regretted; mourned or deeply missed person

celle

sɛl — She, the one; feminine demonstrative pronoun

qui

ki — Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun

fut

fy — Was; simple past of être (to be)

inspiratrice

ɛ̃spiratris — Inspirer; feminine form of one who inspires

partie

parti — Part; portion or section of a whole

auteure

otœr — Author; feminine form of writer or creator

tout

tu — All, everything; indicating totality

ce

sə — This, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun

qu'

k — That, which; contracted relative conjunction

il

il — He, it; third-person masculine pronoun

y

i — There, in it; adverbial pronoun of place

a

a — Has; third-person singular of avoir

meilleur

mɛjœr — Better, best; comparative adjective of good

dans

dɑ̃ — In, inside; common French preposition

mes

me — My; first-person plural possessive adjective

écrits

ekri — Writings; texts or works written by someone

amie

ami — Friend; feminine form of a close companion

épouse

epuz — Wife; a married female partner

dont

dɔ̃ — Whose, of which; relative pronoun of possession

le

lə — The; masculine definite article

sens

sɑ̃s — Sense, meaning; perception or direction

élevé

elve — Elevated, high; lofty or refined in quality

vérité

verite — Truth; conformity to fact or reality

du

dy — Of the; contracted masculine definite article

droit

drwa — Right, law; justice or legal entitlement

mon

mɔ̃ — My; first-person masculine singular possessive adjective

plus

ply — More, most; comparative or superlative adverb

puissant

pɥisɑ̃ — Powerful; having great strength or influence

aiguillon

ɛɡɥijɔ̃ — Spur, goad; something that motivates or stimulates

approbation

aprɔbasjɔ̃ — Approval; expression of praise or agreement

ma

ma — My; first-person feminine singular possessive adjective

principale

prɛ̃sipal — Main, principal; most important or primary

récompense

rekɔ̃pɑ̃s — Reward; something given in return for effort

je

ʒə — I; first-person singular subject pronoun

dédie

dedi — Dedicate; to formally commit work to someone

volume

vɔlym — Volume; a book or bound collection of pages

Comme

kɔm — As, like; comparison or manner conjunction

que

kə — That, which; subordinating conjunction or pronoun

j'

ʒ — I; contracted first-person subject pronoun

ai

e — Have; first-person singular of avoir

écrit

ekri — Written; past participle of écrire (to write)

depuis

dəpɥi — Since, for; indicating duration from a point

nombreuses

nɔ̃brøz — Numerous; many in quantity or number

années

ane — Years; plural of année (a calendar year)

lui

lɥi — Him, her, it; third-person indirect object pronoun

appartient

apartjɛ̃ — Belongs; third-person singular of appartenir

autant

otɑ̃ — As much, as many; expressing equal quantity

moi

mwa — Me, I; stressed first-person pronoun

mais

mɛ — But; coordinating conjunction of contrast

œuvre

œvr — Work; artistic or literary creation

telle

tɛl — Such; indicating a particular quality or manner

elle

ɛl — She, it; third-person feminine subject pronoun

se

sə — Herself, himself, itself; reflexive pronoun

présente

prezɑ̃t — Presents itself; to appear or be shown

n'

n — Not; contracted negative particle before vowel

bénéficié

benefisje — Benefited; received advantage from something

un

œ̃ — A, an; masculine indefinite article

degré

dəɡre — Degree; level or extent of something

très

trɛ — Very; intensifying adverb

insuffisant

ɛ̃syffizɑ̃ — Insufficient; not enough or inadequate

inestimable

inɛstimabl — Invaluable; too precious to be estimated

avantage

avɑ̃taʒ — Advantage; a beneficial or favorable condition

sa

sa — His, her, its; third-person feminine possessive adjective

révision

revizjɔ̃ — Revision; review and correction of a text

certaines

sɛrtɛn — Certain; some specific but unspecified ones

des

de — Some, of the; partitive or contracted article

parties

parti — Parts; portions or sections of a whole

les

le — The; plural definite article

importantes

ɛ̃pɔrtɑ̃t — Important; of great significance or value

ayant

ɛjɑ̃ — Having; present participle of avoir

été

ete — Been; past participle of être (to be)

réservées

rezerve — Reserved; set aside for a particular purpose

pour

pur — For, in order to; common French preposition

réexamen

reɛɡzamɛ̃ — Re-examination; second careful review or analysis

attentif

atɑ̃tif — Attentive; paying careful close attention

elles

ɛl — They; third-person feminine plural pronoun

ne

nə — Not; negative particle used with pas

sont

sɔ̃ — Are; third-person plural of être

désormais

dezɔrmɛ — Henceforth, from now on; indicating future state

jamais

ʒamɛ — Never; at no time or ever

destinées

dɛstine — Destined; intended or meant for a purpose

recevoir

rəsəvwar — To receive; to get or accept something given

Si

si — If; conditional conjunction introducing hypothesis

seulement

sœlmɑ̃ — Only, merely; limiting to one thing

étais

etɛ — Was; first-person imperfect of être

capable

kapabl — Capable; able or competent to do something

d'

d — Of, from; contracted preposition before vowel

interpréter

ɛ̃tɛrprete — To interpret; to explain or render meaning

monde

mɔ̃d — World; the earth or people in general

moitié

mwatje — Half; one of two equal parts

grandes

ɡrɑ̃d — Great, large; feminine plural of grand

pensées

pɑ̃se — Thoughts; ideas formed in the mind

nobles

nɔbl — Noble; of high moral quality or character

sentiments

sɑ̃timɑ̃ — Feelings; emotional states or attitudes

ensevelis

ɑ̃səvli — Buried; covered or entombed after death

tombe

tɔ̃b — Tomb, grave; burial place for the dead

serais

sərɛ — Would be; conditional form of être

vecteur

vɛktœr — Vector, vehicle; carrier or conveyor of something

bienfait

bjɛ̃fɛ — Benefit, good deed; act of kindness or help

grand

ɡrɑ̃ — Great, large; considerable in size or importance

pourrait

purɛ — Could; third-person conditional of pouvoir

résulter

rezylte — To result; to come about as a consequence

quoi

kwa — What; interrogative or relative pronoun

soit

swa — Be; present subjunctive of être

puisse

pɥis — Can, may; present subjunctive of pouvoir

écrire

ekrir — To write; to form words or text

sans

sɑ̃ — Without; preposition indicating absence or lack

impulsion

ɛ̃pylsjɔ̃ — Impulse; a driving force or sudden motivation

aide

ɛd — Help, assistance; support given to someone

sagesse

saʒɛs — Wisdom; deep knowledge and good judgment

quasi

kazi — Almost, quasi; nearly or approximately

rivale

rival — Rival; a competitor or person of equal ability

INTRODUCTION

ɛ̃trɔdyksjɔ̃ — Introduction; opening section presenting main ideas

naquit

naki — Was born; simple past of naître (to be born)

mai

mɛ — May; fifth month of the year

C'

s — It; contracted demonstrative pronoun before vowel

était

etɛ — Was; third-person imperfect of être

enfant

ɑ̃fɑ̃ — Child; a young human being

délicat

delika — Delicate; fragile, sensitive, or requiring care

éducation

edykasjɔ̃ — Education; process of teaching and learning

extraordinaire

ɛkstrɔrdinɛr — Extraordinary; very unusual or remarkable

conçue

kɔ̃sy — Conceived, designed; planned with a specific purpose

son

sɔ̃ — His, her, its; third-person possessive adjective

père

pɛr — Father; a male parent

pas

pa — Not; negative particle used with ne

nature

natyr — Nature; the natural world or innate character

développer

devlɔpe — To develop; to grow or expand abilities

améliorer

ameljɔre — To improve; to make better or enhance

ses

se — His, her, its; third-person plural possessive adjective

facultés

fakylte — Faculties; mental or physical abilities and capacities

physiques

fizik — Physical; relating to the body or material world