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English → Fr Preface Level 9/10

I never was a boy," he says; "never played cricket."

Je n'ai jamais été un garçon », dit-il ; « je n'ai jamais joué au cricket.»

His exercise was taken in the form of walks with his father, during which the elder Mill lectured his son and examined him on his work.

Son exercice physique prenait la forme de promenades avec son père, au cours desquelles le vieux Mill faisait la leçon à son fils et l'interrogeait sur son travail.

It is idle to speculate on the possible results of a different treatment.

Il est inutile de spéculer sur les résultats possibles d'un traitement différent.

Mill remained delicate throughout his life, but was endowed with that intense mental energy which is so often combined with physical weakness.

Mill demeura fragile toute sa vie, mais fut doté de cette intense énergie intellectuelle qui s'allie si souvent à la faiblesse physique.

His youth was sacrificed to an idea; he was designed by his father to carry on his work; the individuality of the boy was unimportant.

Sa jeunesse fut sacrifiée à une idée ; son père l'avait destiné à poursuivre son œuvre ; l'individualité de l'enfant était sans importance.

A visit to the south of France at the age of fourteen, in company with the family of General Sir Samuel Bentham, was not without its influence.

Un séjour dans le sud de la France à l'âge de quatorze ans, en compagnie de la famille du général Sir Samuel Bentham, n'était pas sans influence.

It was a glimpse of another atmosphere, though the studious habits of his home life were maintained.

Ce fut un aperçu d'une autre atmosphère, bien que les habitudes studieuses de sa vie domestique fussent maintenues.

Moreover, he derived from it his interest in foreign politics, which remained one of his characteristics to the end of his life.

De plus, il en tira son intérêt pour la politique étrangère, qui demeura l'une de ses caractéristiques jusqu'à la fin de sa vie.

In 1823 he was appointed junior clerk in the Examiners' Office at the India House.

En 1823, il fut nommé commis stagiaire au bureau des examinateurs de l'India House.

Mill's first essays were written in the _Traveller_ about a year before he entered the India House.

Les premiers essais de Mill furent publiés dans le _Traveller_ environ un an avant qu'il n'entrât à l'India House.

From that time forward his literary work was uninterrupted save by attacks of illness.

À partir de ce moment, son travail littéraire ne fut interrompu que par des accès de maladie.

His industry was stupendous.

Son assiduité au travail était prodigieuse.

He wrote articles on an infinite variety of subjects, political, metaphysical, philosophic, religious, poetical.

Il écrivit des articles sur une variété infinie de sujets : politiques, métaphysiques, philosophiques, religieux, poétiques.

He discovered Tennyson for his generation, he influenced the writing of Carlyle's _French Revolution_ as well as its success.

Il fit découvrir Tennyson à sa génération, et il influa tant sur la rédaction de la _Révolution française_ de Carlyle que sur son succès.

Vocabulary

jamais
Never; used in negation or meaning 'ever'
été
Past participle of 'être'; also means 'summer'
garçon
A boy or young male person
dit
Third person singular past tense of 'dire', meaning 'said'
joué
Past participle of 'jouer', meaning 'played'
exercice
Physical or mental exercise; practice or drill
physique
Relating to the body or physical activity
prenait
Imperfect tense of 'prendre', meaning 'was taking'
forme
Shape, form, or manner of something
promenades
Walks or strolls taken for leisure or exercise
père
Father; male parent
cours
Course, class, or flow; also used in 'au cours de'
desquelles
Relative pronoun meaning 'during which' or 'of which' (feminine plural)
vieux
Old; referring to an elderly or aged person
faisait
Imperfect tense of 'faire', meaning 'was doing' or 'made'
leçon
A lesson or instruction given to a student
fils
Son; male offspring
interrogeait
Imperfect of 'interroger', meaning 'was questioning'
travail
Work, labor, or a task to be completed
inutile
Useless; serving no purpose or function
spéculer
To speculate; to theorize without definite knowledge
résultats
Results or outcomes of an action or process
possibles
Possible; capable of happening or being true
traitement
Treatment; the way someone or something is handled
différent
Different; not the same as another thing
demeura
Simple past of 'demeurer', meaning 'remained' or 'stayed'
fragile
Fragile; easily broken, weak, or delicate
toute
Adjective meaning 'all', 'whole', or 'entire' (feminine)
vie
Life; the existence of a living person or being
fut
Simple past of 'être', meaning 'was'
doté
Endowed or gifted with a particular quality or ability
intense
Intense; of extreme strength or degree
énergie
Energy; capacity for vigorous activity or effort
intellectuelle
Intellectual; relating to the mind and reasoning ability
allie
Third person singular of 'allier', meaning 'combines' or 'allies'
souvent
Often; frequently occurring or repeated
faiblesse
Weakness; lack of strength or physical frailty
jeunesse
Youth; the period of being young
sacrifiée
Sacrificed; given up for a greater purpose or cause
idée
Idea; a thought or concept in the mind
destiné
Destined; intended or fated for a particular purpose
poursuivre
To pursue, continue, or carry on with something
œuvre
Work; a creative or intellectual body of work
individualité
Individuality; the quality of being unique or distinct
enfant
Child; a young person or boy or girl
sans
Preposition meaning 'without'
importance
Importance; the quality of being significant or meaningful
séjour
A stay or visit in a place for a period
sud
South; the direction or region facing south
âge
Age; the number of years someone has lived
quatorze
The number fourteen
ans
Years; used when referring to a person's age
compagnie
Company; the presence of others or a group
famille
Family; a group of related individuals
général
General; a high-ranking military officer
influence
Influence; the power to affect others or events
aperçu
A glimpse or brief overview of something
autre
Other; different or additional person or thing
atmosphère
Atmosphere; the mood or environment of a place
bien
Well or good; also used as 'although' in 'bien que'
habitudes
Habits; regular tendencies or practices of behavior
studieuses
Studious; diligent and devoted to study (feminine plural)
domestique
Domestic; relating to the home or household
fussent
Imperfect subjunctive of 'être', meaning 'were'
maintenues
Maintained; kept up or continued (feminine plural past participle)
plus
More; greater in quantity, degree, or number
tira
Simple past of 'tirer', meaning 'drew' or 'derived'
intérêt
Interest; a feeling of curiosity or concern for something
politique
Politics or policy; relating to government and affairs
étrangère
Foreign; relating to another country or abroad (feminine)
caractéristiques
Characteristics; distinguishing features or qualities
jusqu'
Preposition meaning 'until' or 'up to' (elided form)
fin
End; the final point or conclusion of something
nommé
Appointed or named to a position or role
commis
A clerk or junior employee in an office
stagiaire
A trainee or intern in a professional setting
bureau
Office or desk; a workplace or administrative department
examinateurs
Examiners; those who assess or evaluate candidates
premiers
First; earliest in time or order (masculine plural)
essais
Essays; short written pieces on a topic
furent
Simple past of 'être', meaning 'were'
publiés
Published; made available to the public (plural past participle)
environ
Approximately; roughly or about a certain amount
an
A year; a period of twelve months
avant
Before; earlier in time or position
entrât
Imperfect subjunctive of 'entrer', meaning 'entered'
partir
To leave or depart; used in 'à partir de' meaning 'from'
moment
Moment; a brief or specific point in time
littéraire
Literary; relating to literature or writing
interrompu
Interrupted; stopped or broken off temporarily
accès
Access or attack; a sudden onset of illness
maladie
Illness or disease; a state of poor health
assiduité
Diligence; steady and persistent effort or application
prodigieuse
Prodigious; remarkably great in extent or ability (feminine)
écrivit
Simple past of 'écrire', meaning 'wrote'
articles
Articles; written pieces published in journals or papers
variété
Variety; a range or diversity of different things
infinie
Infinite; endless or without limits (feminine)
sujets
Subjects or topics; themes addressed in writing
politiques
Political; relating to politics or government affairs
métaphysiques
Metaphysical; relating to abstract philosophical concepts
philosophiques
Philosophical; relating to philosophy and reasoning
religieux
Religious; relating to religion or faith
poétiques
Poetic; relating to poetry or literary expression
fit
Simple past of 'faire', meaning 'made' or 'did'
découvrir
To discover or reveal; to find something new
génération
Generation; a group of people born in similar period
influa
Simple past of 'influer', meaning 'influenced' or 'affected'
tant
So much or so many; to such a great extent
rédaction
Writing, drafting, or editorial composition of a text
succès
Success; the achievement of a desired goal or outcome
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