On Liberty — Page 6

Vocabulary

lui

Him; third-person singular indirect or stressed pronoun.

fut

Was; simple past (passé simple) of 'être'.

présenté

Introduced; past participle of 'présenter'.

dès

As early as; from a specific point in time.

lors

At the time of; used in 'lors de'.

d'

Of; contracted form of 'de' before a vowel.

un

A, an; indefinite article, masculine singular.

dîner

Dinner; an evening meal shared among guests.

chez

At the home of; preposition indicating someone's place.

M.

Monsieur; French abbreviation for Mister.

où

Where; relative or interrogative pronoun of place.

se

Himself, herself, themselves; reflexive pronoun.

trouvaient

Were present; imperfect of 'trouver' used reflexively.

présents

Present; adjective meaning in attendance at a place.

entre

Between, among; preposition indicating position or inclusion.

autres

Others; plural adjective or pronoun referring to additional people.

et

And; basic coordinating conjunction linking elements.

Mlle

Mademoiselle; French title for an unmarried woman.

La

The; definite article, feminine singular form.

connaissance

Acquaintance; knowledge or familiarity with someone.

transforma

Transformed; simple past of 'transformer', to change.

rapidement

Quickly; adverb indicating something happened fast.

en

In, into; preposition or pronoun with various uses.

intimité

Intimacy; a close, deep personal relationship.

l'

The; contracted definite article before a vowel.

amitié

Friendship; a bond of affection between people.

ne

Not; first part of French negation construction.

lassait

Tired of; imperfect of 'lasser', to weary.

jamais

Never; adverb of negation or emphasis in time.

de

Of, from; very common French preposition.

s'

Himself, herself; contracted reflexive pronoun before vowel.

étendre

To extend, spread; to widen or elaborate upon something.

sur

On, about; preposition indicating position or topic.

tous

All; masculine plural adjective or pronoun.

les

The; definite article in the plural form.

avantages

Advantages; benefits or favorable aspects of something.

une

A, an; indefinite article, feminine singular form.

relation

Relationship; a connection or bond between people.

si

So, such; adverb of degree intensifying an adjective.

singulière

Singular, unique; remarkably unusual or exceptional.

Dans

In, inside; preposition indicating location or context.

quelques-uns

Some, a few; indefinite pronoun referring to some items.

des

Of the, some; partitive or plural definite article.

exemplaires

Copies; individual printed copies of a publication.

présentation

Presentation; the act of presenting or a copy given.

son

His, her, its; possessive adjective, masculine singular.

ouvrage

Work; a written or artistic creation, a book.

_Économie

Economy; first word of a title about economic principles.

politique_

Political; adjective completing the title 'Political Economy'.

il

He, it; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

écrivit

Wrote; simple past (passé simple) of 'écrire'.

la

The; definite article, feminine singular form.

dédicace

Dedication; an inscription dedicating a book to someone.

suivante

Following; adjective meaning the next or subsequent one.

À

To, at; preposition indicating direction or dedication.

Mme

Madame; French title of address for a woman.

qui

Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun.

toutes

All; feminine plural adjective or pronoun.

personnes

Persons; individuals or people in general.

connues

Known; past participle of 'connaître', feminine plural.

auteur

Author; the writer or creator of a work.

est

Is; third-person singular present of 'être'.

plus

More, most; comparative or superlative adverb.

hautement

Highly; adverb meaning to a great or elevated degree.

qualifiée

Qualified; adjective meaning competent or suited for something.

pour

For, in order to; preposition expressing purpose.

concevoir

To conceive; to form or imagine an idea mentally.

ou

Or; coordinating conjunction presenting alternatives.

apprécier

To appreciate; to recognize and value something's merit.

spéculation

Speculation; theoretical reasoning about uncertain matters.

le

The; definite article, masculine singular form.

progrès

Progress; forward movement or advancement in society.

social

Social; relating to society or human interaction.

ce

This, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun.

travail

Work; a task, labor, or piece of writing.

dédié

Dedicated; past participle of 'dédier', to dedicate.

avec

With; preposition expressing accompaniment or manner.

grand

Great, grand; adjective meaning large or significant.

respect

Respect; admiration and consideration for someone.

haute

High; feminine adjective meaning elevated or great.

estime

Esteem; high regard or favorable opinion of someone.

Un

A, an; indefinite article, masculine singular form.

article

Article; a piece of writing published in a journal.

émancipation

Emancipation; liberation from social or legal restrictions.

femmes

Women; plural noun referring to adult female persons.

occasion

Occasion; an opportunity or instance for something.

autre

Other, another; adjective referring to a different one.

éloge

Praise; a tribute or laudatory statement about someone.

Nous

We; first-person plural subject pronoun.

n'

Not; contracted negative particle before a vowel.

aurons

Will have; first-person plural future of 'avoir'.

guère

Hardly, scarcely; adverb of near-negation or limitation.

tort

Wrong; noun meaning error or fault in judgment.

attribuer

To attribute; to assign credit or cause to something.

bien

Well, very; adverb of manner or degree.

postérieur

Later, subsequent; adjective meaning coming after in time.

_L'

The; contracted definite article beginning a book title.

Assujettissement

Subjection; the state of being subjected or subordinated.

femmes_

Women; part of title 'The Subjection of Women'.

publié

Published; past participle of 'publier', to publish.

à

To, at; preposition with many grammatical uses.

influence

Influence; the power to affect someone's thoughts or actions.

exercée

Exerted; past participle of 'exercer', feminine form.

par

By, through; preposition introducing an agent or means.

Enfin

Finally, at last; adverb indicating a concluding point.

pages

Pages; individual leaves or sections of a written work.

_Autobiographie_

Autobiography; a self-written account of one's own life.

retentissent

Resound, ring; present tense of 'retentir', to resonate.

éloges

Praises; plural noun, laudatory tributes or compliments.

dithyrambiques

Dithyrambic; extravagantly enthusiastic or wildly laudatory.

adressés

Addressed, directed; past participle of 'adresser'.

conseillère

Adviser; a female counselor or advisor to someone.

presque

Almost, nearly; adverb indicating approximation.

infaillible

Infallible; incapable of making errors or mistakes.

Les

The; definite article in the plural form.

faits

Facts; established truths or verified pieces of information.

cette

This; demonstrative adjective, feminine singular form.

remarquable

Remarkable; worthy of attention or notably extraordinary.

peuvent

Can; third-person plural present of 'pouvoir'.

aisément

Easily; adverb meaning without difficulty or effort.

être

To be; fundamental French infinitive verb of existence.

exposés

Presented, set out; past participle of 'exposer'.

déductions

Deductions; logical conclusions drawn from available evidence.

sont

Are; third-person plural present of 'être'.

difficiles

Difficult; adjective meaning hard or challenging.

Il

He, it; third-person masculine singular subject pronoun.

fait

Makes, does; third-person singular present of 'faire'.

aucun

No, none; negative adjective or pronoun indicating absence.

doute

Doubt; uncertainty or lack of certainty about something.

que

That, which; conjunction or relative pronoun.

engouement

Infatuation; an intense, often excessive enthusiasm or fondness.

cause

Caused; here used as past tense or noun meaning cause.

tracas

Trouble, worry; difficulties or annoying concerns.

ses

His, her; possessive adjective, plural form.

relations

Relations; connections or associations with other people.

amis

Friends; plural noun referring to close companions.

Son

His, her; possessive adjective, masculine singular.

père

Father; a male parent or paternal figure.

reprocha

Reproached; simple past of 'reprocher', to blame.

ouvertement

Openly; adverb meaning frankly or without concealment.

amoureux

In love; adjective describing romantic feelings for someone.

femme

Woman, wife; a female adult person or spouse.

comptaient

Counted, were counted; imperfect of 'compter'.

parmi

Among; preposition indicating membership within a group.

ceux

Those; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun.

pâtirent

Suffered; simple past of 'pâtir', to suffer from.

avoir

To have; fundamental French infinitive auxiliary verb.

quelque

Some, any; adjective indicating an unspecified amount.

allusion

Allusion; an indirect reference to something or someone.

sujet

Subject, topic; the matter under discussion or prohibition.

interdit

Forbidden; adjective meaning not allowed or prohibited.