On Liberty — Page 6

Vocabulary

fu

was (third person singular past tense of essere)

presentato

introduced, presented to someone formally

a

to, at, in (preposition with multiple uses)

lei

she, her, or formal 'you'

già

already, yet, formerly

nel

in the (contraction of in + il)

una

a, an (feminine indefinite article)

cena

dinner, evening meal

casa

house, home, dwelling place

del

of the (contraction of di + il)

signor

mister, sir (title used before a man's name)

dove

where (relative or interrogative adverb)

erano

were (third person plural imperfect of essere)

presenti

present, in attendance at a place or event

tra

among, between, amid (preposition)

gli

the (masculine plural article) or to him

altri

others, other people

e

and (conjunction linking words or clauses)

la

the (feminine singular definite article)

signorina

miss, young unmarried woman (title)

La

the (feminine singular definite article)

conoscenza

acquaintance, knowledge, familiarity with someone

maturò

matured, ripened, developed over time

rapidamente

quickly, rapidly, in a fast manner

in

in, into (preposition indicating location or state)

intimità

intimacy, closeness, deep personal familiarity

l'

the (elided definite article before a vowel)

amicizia

friendship, close bond between people

non

not (negative particle used in sentences)

si

reflexive pronoun or impersonal particle

stancò

tired, grew weary of something

mai

never, ever (adverb of time)

di

of, from, about (common Italian preposition)

dilungarsi

to dwell at length, to elaborate extensively on

su

on, about, over (preposition)

tutti

all, every, everyone

i

the (masculine plural definite article)

vantaggi

advantages, benefits, favorable aspects

relazione

relationship, connection, bond between people

così

so, thus, in this way

singolare

singular, unique, remarkable, unusual

In

in, into (preposition indicating location)

alcune

some, a few (feminine plural)

delle

of the, some (preposition + article combined)

copie

copies, duplicates of a document or book

omaggio

complimentary copy, tribute, homage gift

della

of the (feminine singular preposition + article)

sua

his, her, its (feminine possessive adjective)

opera

work, composition, literary or artistic creation

sull'

on the (elided preposition su + article)

_Economia

economics (title word, study of economic systems)

Politica_

political economy, title of academic work

scrisse

wrote (third person singular past tense)

seguente

following, next, the one that comes after

dedica

dedication, inscription in a book or work

Alla

to the (feminine singular preposition + article)

signora

madam, Mrs., married or adult woman title

che

who, that, which (relative pronoun or conjunction)

tutte

all, every (feminine plural of tutto)

le

the (feminine plural definite article)

persone

people, persons, individuals

note

known, notable, well-known (feminine plural adjective)

all'

to the (elided preposition a + article)

autore

author, writer of a literary work

è

is (third person singular present of essere)

più

more, most (adverb of degree)

altamente

highly, greatly, in a high degree

qualificata

qualified, capable, competent (feminine adjective)

sia

both, whether, subjunctive form of essere

per

for, in order to, through (preposition)

dare

to give (infinitive of the verb dare)

origine

origin, source, beginning of something

apprezzare

to appreciate, to value, to recognize worth

speculazione

speculation, abstract thought or theoretical reflection

sul

on the (masculine singular preposition + article)

progresso

progress, advancement, forward development

sociale

social, relating to society or community

quest'

this (elided demonstrative adjective before vowel)

dedicata

dedicated, inscribed to someone (feminine past participle)

con

with (preposition expressing accompaniment)

il

the (masculine singular definite article)

massimo

maximum, greatest, highest degree

rispetto

respect, regard, esteem for someone

stima

esteem, admiration, high regard for someone

Un

a, an (masculine indefinite article)

articolo

article, written piece published in a periodical

emancipazione

emancipation, liberation from social or legal constraints

donne

women, adult female persons

reso

rendered, made, provided (past participle of rendere)

occasione

occasion, opportunity, specific circumstance

un

a, an (masculine indefinite article)

altro

another, other, different

encomio

eulogy, praise, formal expression of admiration

Difficilmente

with difficulty, hardly, scarcely

sbaglieremo

we will be wrong, we will make a mistake

nell'

in the (elided preposition in + article)

attribuire

to attribute, to assign credit or cause to

libro

book, written or published volume

molto

very, much, a lot

posteriore

later, subsequent, coming after in time

_La

the (feminine article, part of a title)

soggezione

subjection, subordination, state of being subject

donne_

women (part of book title The Subjection of Women)

pubblicato

published, released to the public (past participle)

influenza

influence, power to affect or shape something

esercitata

exercised, exerted, applied (feminine past participle)

dalla

by the, from the (feminine preposition + article)

Infine

finally, in the end, lastly

pagine

pages, leaves of a book or document

dell'

of the (elided preposition di + article)

_Autobiografia_

autobiography, self-written account of one's life

risuonano

resound, echo, ring with (third person plural present)

lodi

praises, words of admiration and commendation

consigliera

adviser, female counselor offering guidance

quasi

almost, nearly, practically

infallibile

infallible, never making mistakes, unerring

I

the (masculine plural definite article)

fatti

facts, events, deeds, things that occurred

questa

this (feminine singular demonstrative adjective)

straordinaria

extraordinary, remarkable, exceptional (feminine adjective)

possono

can, are able to (third person plural present)

essere

to be (infinitive of the verb essere)

esposti

exposed, presented, set forth (masculine plural participle)

facilmente

easily, without difficulty or effort

Le

the (feminine plural definite article)

deduzioni

deductions, logical conclusions drawn from facts

sono

are (first or third person plural of essere)

difficili

difficult, hard, challenging (plural adjective)

Non

not (negative particle)

vi

there, here, to it (adverbial particle)

dubbio

doubt, uncertainty, lack of certainty

infatuazione

infatuation, excessive irrational admiration or obsession

fosse

was (imperfect subjunctive of essere)

causa

cause, reason, source of an effect

considerevoli

considerable, significant, substantial in degree

problemi

problems, difficulties, issues to be resolved

suoi

his, her, its (masculine plural possessive adjective)

conoscenti

acquaintances, people one knows casually

amici

friends, close companions (masculine plural)

Suo

his, her, your (formal possessive adjective)

padre

father, male parent

lo

him, it (masculine direct object pronoun)

accusò

accused, charged someone with something

apertamente

openly, frankly, without concealment

innamorato

in love, enamored, romantically attached to someone

moglie

wife, a man's married female partner

uomo

man, adult male person

coloro

those, those people (demonstrative pronoun)

ne

of it, of them, from there (particle pronoun)

soffrirono

suffered, endured pain or hardship (past tense)

perché

because, why (conjunction or interrogative adverb)

avevano

had (third person plural imperfect of avere)

fatto

done, made (past participle of fare)

qualche

some, any, a few (indefinite adjective)

allusione

allusion, indirect reference to something

argomento

subject, topic, argument, matter of discussion

proibito

forbidden, prohibited, not allowed