On Liberty — Page 15
In the tract on _Liberty_, Mill is advocating the rights of the individual as against Society at the very opening of an era that was rapidly coming to the conclusion that the individual had no absolute rights against Society.
Nel saggio sulla _Libertà_, Mill sostiene i diritti dell'individuo nei confronti della Società proprio all'inizio di un'era che stava rapidamente giungendo alla conclusione che l'individuo non aveva diritti assoluti nei confronti della Società.
The eighteenth century view is that individuals existed first, each with their own special claims and responsibilities; that they deliberately formed a Social State, either by a contract or otherwise; and that then finally they limited their own action out of regard for the interests of the social organism thus arbitrarily produced.
La visione del diciottesimo secolo è che gli individui esistessero prima, ciascuno con le proprie particolari pretese e responsabilità; che essi formassero deliberatamente uno Stato Sociale, sia mediante un contratto sia in altro modo; e che infine limitassero la propria azione in considerazione degli interessi dell'organismo sociale così arbitrariamente prodotto.
This is hardly the view of the nineteenth century.
Questa non è certo la visione del diciannovesimo secolo.
It is possible that logically the individual is prior to the State; historically and in the order of Nature, the State is prior to the individual.
È possibile che logicamente l'individuo sia anteriore allo Stato; storicamente e nell'ordine della Natura, lo Stato è anteriore all'individuo.
In other words, such rights as every single personality possesses in a modern world do not belong to him by an original ordinance of Nature, but are slowly acquired in the growth and development of the social state.
In altre parole, i diritti che ogni singola persona possiede nel mondo moderno non gli appartengono per un'originaria disposizione della Natura, ma vengono lentamente acquisiti nella crescita e nello sviluppo dello stato sociale.
It is not the truth that individual liberties were forfeited by some deliberate act when men made themselves into a Commonwealth.
Non è vero che le libertà individuali furono perdute per qualche atto deliberato quando gli uomini si costituirono in una Repubblica.
Vocabulary
- Nel
- In the, within the (preposition + article)
- saggio
- Essay, wise (noun/adjective)
- sulla
- On the, about the (preposition + article)
- Libertà
- Liberty, freedom (noun)
- sostiene
- He/she maintains, argues, supports (verb)
- diritti
- Rights (plural noun)
- dell
- Of the (preposition + article contraction)
- individuo
- Individual, person (noun)
- nei
- In the (preposition + article, plural)
- confronti
- Confronts, comparisons, face-to-face meetings (noun)
- della
- Of the (preposition + article, feminine)
- Società
- Society (noun)
- proprio
- Own, proper, one's own (adjective)
- all
- To the (preposition + article contraction)
- inizio
- Beginning, start (noun)
- di
- Of (preposition)
- un
- A, an (indefinite article)
- era
- Age, era, was (noun/verb)
- che
- That, which, who (relative pronoun)
- stava
- Was (past continuous, verb)
- rapidamente
- Rapidly, quickly (adverb)
- giungendo
- Arriving, reaching, coming (gerund)
- alla
- To the (preposition + article)
- conclusione
- Conclusion, end (noun)
- non
- Not, no (adverb)
- aveva
- Had (past tense, verb)
- assoluti
- Absolute, complete, unrestricted (adjective)
- La
- The (definite article, feminine)
- visione
- Vision, view, sight (noun)
- del
- Of the (preposition + article)
- diciottesimo
- Eighteenth (ordinal number)
- secolo
- Century (noun)
- gli
- The, him (article/pronoun, masculine plural)
- individui
- Individuals, persons (plural noun)
- esistessero
- Existed (past subjunctive, verb)
- prima
- Before, first (adverb/adjective)
- ciascuno
- Each one, everyone (pronoun)
- con
- With (preposition)
- le
- The (definite article, feminine plural)
- proprie
- Own, one's own (feminine plural adjective)
- particolari
- Particular, special, specific (adjective)
- pretese
- Claims, demands, pretenses (plural noun)
- responsabilità
- Responsibility (noun)
- essi
- They, them (masculine pronoun)
- formassero
- Formed, established (past subjunctive, verb)
- deliberatamente
- Deliberately, intentionally (adverb)
- uno
- One, a (number/article)
- Stato
- State (noun)
- Sociale
- Social (adjective)
- sia
- Is, be, whether (verb/conjunction)
- mediante
- By means of, through (preposition)
- contratto
- Contract, agreement (noun)
- in
- In, into (preposition)
- altro
- Other, another (adjective/pronoun)
- modo
- Mode, manner, way (noun)
- infine
- Finally, in conclusion (adverb)
- limitassero
- Limited, restricted (past subjunctive, verb)
- la
- The (definite article, feminine singular)
- propria
- Own, one's own (feminine singular adjective)
- azione
- Action, act (noun)
- considerazione
- Consideration, respect, regard (noun)
- degli
- Of the (preposition + article, plural)
- interessi
- Interests (plural noun)
- organismo
- Organism, organization, body (noun)
- sociale
- Social (adjective)
- così
- Thus, so, in this way (adverb)
- arbitrariamente
- Arbitrarily, randomly (adverb)
- prodotto
- Produced, created, product (verb/noun)
- Questa
- This (feminine demonstrative adjective)
- certo
- Certain, sure, some (adjective)
- diciannovesimo
- Nineteenth (ordinal number)
- possibile
- Possible (adjective)
- logicamente
- Logically (adverb)
- anteriore
- Previous, earlier, anterior (adjective)
- allo
- To the (preposition + article)
- storicamente
- Historically (adverb)
- nell
- In the (preposition + article contraction)
- ordine
- Order, arrangement (noun)
- Natura
- Nature (noun)
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