On Liberty — Page 8

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of discussion.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

生涯

shōgai — One's entire life; lifetime from birth to death.

中

naka / chū — Inside; within; in the middle of something.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by one's own hand or initiative.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject.

引き起こし

hikiokoshi — Caused; brought about (a problem or incident).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

災難

sainan — Misfortune; disaster; trouble that befalls someone.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, target, or indirect object.

対して

taishite — Toward; in response to; with regard to something.

実質的

jisshitsuteki — Substantial; practical; meaningful in actual effect.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

賠償

baishō — Compensation; reparation for damage or loss caused.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

行い

okonai — Conduct; action; carrying out a deed or act.

傷ついた

kizutsuita — Wounded; hurt; having suffered emotional or physical damage.

著者

chosha — Author; writer; the person who wrote a work.

説得し

settoku shi — Persuaded; convinced someone to accept a position.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self; first-person reflexive pronoun.

提示

teiji — Presentation; showing or offering something for consideration.

ポンド

pondo — Pound; British unit of currency (GBP).

半額

hangaku — Half the price; fifty percent of the full amount.

受け取らせ

uketoraser — Caused to receive; made someone accept a payment.

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunction meaning 'and' or 'that.'

述べている

nobete iru — States; describes; is expressing something in writing.

夫人

fujin — Wife; a respectful term for a married woman.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by that time; prior to a reference point.

夫

otto — Husband; one's male spouse or partner in marriage.

七年間

shichi nenkan — For seven years; a period spanning seven years.

幸福

kōfuku — Happiness; well-being; a state of contentment and joy.

生活

seikatsu — Daily life; lifestyle; the way one lives day-to-day.

後

go / ato — After; following; subsequent to a time or event.

亡くなり

nakunari — Passed away; died (polite expression for death).

埋葬され

maisō sare — Was buried; interred in the ground after death.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; third-person singular feminine pronoun.

墓

haka — Grave; tomb; burial site of a deceased person.

書いた

kaita — Wrote; composed text on a surface or document.

碑文

hibun — Inscription; epitaph; text engraved on a monument or grave.

あまりにも

amari ni mo — Too much; excessively; to an unreasonable degree.

彼らしく

kare rashiku — Just like him; in a manner typical of him.

省略する

shōryaku suru — To omit; to abbreviate; to leave something out intentionally.

わけにはいかない

wake ni wa ikanai — Cannot possibly; there is no way one can do it.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned nearby.

偉大な

idai na — Great; magnificent; of outstanding importance or stature.

愛情深い

aijō fukai — Deeply affectionate; full of love and warm feeling.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; one's inner emotional and spiritual self.

気高い

kedakai — Noble; lofty; possessing dignified and elevated character.

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; the immaterial essence of a person.

明晰な

meiseki na — Clear; lucid; sharply distinct and easy to understand.

力強く

chikarazuyoku — Powerfully; with great strength and vigor.

独創的

dokusōteki — Original; creative; producing ideas that are uniquely inventive.

かつ

katsu — And also; moreover; simultaneously possessing two qualities.

包括的

hōkatsuteki — Comprehensive; all-encompassing; covering a broad range thoroughly.

知性

chisei — Intellect; intelligence; the power of rational understanding.

よって

yotte — By means of; through; because of a cause or agent.

導き手

michibikite — Guide; leader; one who shows others the way forward.

支え

sasae — Support; prop; something or someone providing stability and aid.

知恵

chie — Wisdom; practical knowledge and good judgment in life.

師

shi — Teacher; master; one from whom knowledge is learned.

善

zen — Goodness; virtue; moral excellence and righteous conduct.

模範

mohan — Example; model; a standard worth imitating or following.

属する

zoku suru — To belong to; to be a member of a group.

得た

eta — Obtained; gained; managed to acquire something valuable.

者たち

monotachi — Those people; a group of individuals sharing a characteristic.

とって

totte — For; from the perspective or standpoint of someone.

唯一

yuiitsu — The only one; sole; without any other equivalent.

地上

chijō — On earth; above ground; in the terrestrial world.

喜び

yorokobi — Joy; delight; a feeling of great happiness and pleasure.

公共

kōkyō — Public; communal; relating to society and the general community.

真摯な

shinshi na — Sincere; earnest; approaching matters with genuine seriousness.

同様に

dōyō ni — Similarly; in the same way; likewise under comparable conditions.

周囲

shūi — Surroundings; the environment or people around someone.

人々

hitobito — People; folks; a group of human beings collectively.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entire group without exception.

寛大な

kandai na — Generous; magnanimous; showing tolerance and broad-minded kindness.

献身的な

kenshin teki na — Devoted; dedicated; giving oneself wholeheartedly to a cause.

影響

eikyō — Influence; effect; impact one thing has upon another.

この時代

kono jidai — This era; the current age or historical period.

最も

mottomo — Most; to the greatest degree among all compared things.

進歩

shinpo — Progress; advancement; forward movement in development or improvement.

感じられる

kanjirareu — Can be felt; is perceived; becomes noticeable to others.

これから

korekara — From now on; henceforth; starting from this point forward.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue; to keep doing something without stopping.

持つ

motsu — To have; to hold; to possess something in one's hand.

ほんの少し

honno sukoshi — Just a little; only a tiny amount of something.

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; the state of actually existing somewhere.

すれば

sureba — If one does; conditional form of the verb 'to do.'

地球

chikyū — The Earth; the planet on which humans live.

待ち望まれた

machinozomareta — Longed for; eagerly awaited by many people over time.

天国

tengoku — Heaven; paradise; a blissful realm beyond earthly life.

これら

korera — These; referring to multiple things previously mentioned.

言葉

kotoba — Words; language; an expression or statement in speech.

感情

kanjō — Emotion; feeling; an inner emotional state or sentiment.

強さ

tsuyosa — Strength; intensity; the quality of being powerful or robust.

証明する

shōmei suru — To prove; to demonstrate; to confirm the truth of something.

冗長な

jōchō na — Verbose; wordy; using more words than necessary to express.

表現

hyōgen — Expression; representation; conveying ideas or feelings in words.

恐れる

osoreru — To fear; to be afraid of; to dread something.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunction introducing a contrasting statement.

同時に

dōji ni — At the same time; simultaneously; occurring concurrently with something.

他者

tasha — Others; other people; individuals apart from oneself.

印象

inshō — Impression; the effect or image left on someone's mind.

与える

ataeru — To give; to provide; to bestow something upon another.

想像する

sōzō suru — To imagine; to picture mentally; to conceive of something.

示す

shimesu — To show; to indicate; to demonstrate or point something out.

類似

ruiji — Similarity; resemblance; having qualities in common with another.

耐えられる

taerareru — Can endure; able to withstand or tolerate something difficult.

名声

meisei — Fame; reputation; the state of being widely known favorably.