On Liberty — Page 9

Vocabulary

の

no — Possessive or noun-modifying particle

生涯

shōgai — One's lifetime or entire life

における

ni okeru — In, at, or within a given context

この

kono — This (referring to something nearby)

ロマンティック

romanchikku — Romantic, relating to love or sentiment

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

挿話

sōwa — An episode or anecdote within a larger story

については

ni tsuite wa — Regarding, concerning a particular topic

哲学的

tetsugakuteki — Philosophical, relating to philosophy

精神

seishin — Spirit, mind, or mental disposition

と

to — And, with; quotation or connecting particle

こうした

kōshita — Such, this kind of (demonstrative modifier)

奇妙

kimyō — Strange, odd, or peculiar

では

de wa — In that case; topic-contrasting particle combination

ある

aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things)

が

ga — Subject marker particle; but, however

珍しく

mezurashiku — Rarely, unusually, in an uncommon manner

も

mo — Also, too; even (inclusive particle)

ない

nai — Not, does not exist (negation)

関係

kankei — Relationship, connection, or association

価値

kachi — Value, worth, or merit

について

ni tsuite — About, concerning, regarding something

各人

kakujin — Each person, every individual

自ら

mizukara — Oneself, personally, by one's own hand

経験

keiken — Experience, personal encounter with events

に

ni — Direction, location, time, or purpose particle

基づい

motozui — Based on, grounded in (conjunctive form)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

判断

handan — Judgment, decision, or assessment

する

suru — To do, to perform an action

であろう

de arō — Probably is, likely will be (conjecture)

それ

sore — That, it (referring to something previously mentioned)

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the subject

一時

ichiji — Temporary, for a time, momentary

熱狂

nekkyō — Enthusiasm, frenzy, or passionate excitement

で

de — At, by means of; conjunctive form of copula

あった

atta — Was, existed (past tense of aru)

かも

kamo — Perhaps, might be (uncertainty marker)

しれない

shirenai — Cannot tell; may be, possibly (uncertainty)

し

shi — And, moreover; listing or adding reasons

あるいは

arui wa — Or, alternatively, perhaps

そう

sō — So, that way, like that

言い

ii — Saying (conjunctive form of 言う, to say)

たければ

takereba — If one wants to (conditional desire form)

において

ni oite — In, at, regarding a place or context

最も

mottomo — Most, the most (superlative adverb)

優雅

yūga — Elegant, graceful, refined

人間的

ningenteki — Human, humane, relating to humanity

一頁

ichi pēji — One page (figuratively a notable chapter)

夫人

fujin — Madam, wife, a married woman

夫

otto — Husband, one's spouse (male)

意見

iken — Opinion, view, or perspective

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

そのまま

sono mama — As is, unchanged, just as it is

繰り返す

kurikaesu — To repeat, to reiterate something

こと

koto — Thing, fact, act (nominalizer for verbs)

虚栄心

kyoeishin — Vanity, vain desire for admiration

くすぐっ

kusugut- — Tickling (conjunctive form of くすぐる)

い

i — Continuous auxiliary or stem of いる (to be)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary ending

本当に

hontō ni — Truly, really, genuinely

霊感

reikan — Inspiration, divine inspiration, intuition

知的

chiteki — Intellectual, relating to the intellect

助け

tasuke — Help, assistance, support

満ち

machi — Full of, filled with (conjunctive of 満ちる)

よう

yō — Like, as if, in the manner of

場合

baai — Case, situation, or circumstance

通常

tsūjō — Usually, normally, ordinarily

起こる

okoru — To happen, to occur, to take place

哲学者

tetsugakusha — Philosopher, one who studies philosophy

自身

jishin — Oneself, one's own self

男女平等

danjo byōdō — Gender equality between men and women

信念

shinnen — Belief, conviction, or firm faith

ゆえ

yue — Because of, due to, therefore

考える

kangaeru — To think, to consider, to reflect on

妨げ

samatage — Hindrance, obstacle, obstruction

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb form

いえ

ie — No, rather; contrastive interjection

二つ

futatsu — Two things (native Japanese counter)

異なる

kotonaru — To differ, to be different or distinct

種類

shurui — Type, kind, or category

秩序

chitsujo — Order, system, or organized arrangement

互い

tagai — Each other, mutually, one another

作用

sayō — Action, effect, or influence on something

反作用

hansayō — Reaction, counter-action, opposing force

合う

au — To match, to fit, to mutually interact

いう

iu — To say, to be called, to express

極めて

kiwamete — Extremely, exceptionally, to the utmost

現象

genshō — Phenomenon, observable occurrence or event

抽象的

chūshōteki — Abstract, theoretical, not concrete

思索

shisaku — Deep thinking, speculation, philosophical reflection

領域

ryōiki — Domain, field, or area of knowledge

思考

shikō — Thought, thinking process, cognition

占め

shime — Occupying, taking up (conjunctive of 占める)

者

mono / sha — Person, one who does something

とっ

tot- — For, regarding (conjunctive of にとって)

具体的

gutaiteki — Concrete, specific, tangible

事実

jijitsu — Fact, truth, actual occurrence

生き生き

ikiiki — Vividly, lively, with energy and vitality

鮮明

senmei — Clear, vivid, distinct, sharp

提示

teiji — Presentation, showing, putting forward

喜ばしく

yorokobashiku — Joyfully, pleasingly, in a welcome manner

心地よい

kokochiyoi — Comfortable, pleasant, agreeable feeling

衝撃

shōgeki — Shock, impact, strong impression

訪れる

otozureru — To visit, to arrive, to come upon

女性

josei — Woman, female, the feminine gender

本能

honnō — Instinct, innate drive or impulse

しばしば

shibashiba — Often, frequently, repeatedly

適切

tekisetsu — Appropriate, suitable, fitting

論拠

ronkyo — Grounds for argument, logical basis

まったく

mattaku — Completely, entirely, utterly

示す

shimesu — To show, to indicate, to demonstrate

でき

deki — Can do, be able to (stem of できる)

真理

shinri — Truth, fundamental principle or verity

把握

haaku — Grasp, comprehension, firm understanding

だけ

dake — Only, just, merely (limiting particle)

なく

naku — Without, not having (conjunctive negation)

例証

reishō — Illustration by example, demonstration

さえ

sae — Even, as long as (emphasis/condition particle)

可能

kanō — Possible, feasible, capable of being done

一方

ippō — On the other hand; one side or direction

男性

dansei — Man, male, the masculine gender

より

yori — More than, from, by (comparative particle)

慎重

shinchō — Careful, cautious, prudent

論理的

ronriteki — Logical, based on reasoning and logic

方法

hōhō — Method, way, approach, procedure

形式的

keishikiteki — Formal, procedural, relating to form

推論

suiron — Inference, deductive reasoning, deduction

緩慢

kanman — Slow, sluggish, gradual in pace

過程

katei — Process, course, stage of development

もっ

mot- — Having, with (conjunctive of もつ, to have)

結論

ketsuron — Conclusion, final judgment or outcome

へ

e — Toward, in the direction of (directional particle)

飛躍

hiyaku — Leap, jump, rapid advance or skip

その

sono — That, its (attributive demonstrative modifier)

幸福

kōfuku — Happiness, well-being, bliss

直観

chokkan — Intuition, direct perception without reasoning

自分

jibun — Oneself, one's own self

意識

ishiki — Consciousness, awareness, sense of self

いる

iru — To be, to exist (animate beings)

思い

omoi — Thought, feeling, emotion

がち

gachi — Tending to, prone to (suffix of tendency)

かくして

kakushite — Thus, in this way, and so (formal conjunct)

契約

keiyaku — Contract, agreement, formal pact

両

ryō — Both, the two (prefix for both parties)

当事者

tōjisha — Party involved, stakeholder, concerned person

ひとしく

hitoshiku — Equally, evenly, alike (adverbial form)

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction, contentment, fulfillment