On Liberty — Page 6

Vocabulary

foi

foy — Was; third person singular past tense of 'ser'

apresentado

ah-preh-zen-TAH-doo — Introduced or presented to someone

a

ah — To; feminine definite article or preposition

ela

EH-lah — She; third person singular feminine pronoun

já

zhah — Already; now; indicates something has occurred

em

eng — In; at; on; common Portuguese preposition

num

noom — In a; contraction of 'em' and 'um'

jantar

zhahn-TAR — Dinner; evening meal shared among guests

na

nah — In the; contraction of 'em' and 'a'

casa

KAH-zah — House; home; place of residence

do

doo — Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'o'

Sr.

sen-YOR — Abbreviation for 'Senhor'; Mr. in English

onde

ON-deh — Where; relative pronoun indicating location

estavam

esh-TAH-vang — Were; third person plural imperfect of 'estar'

presentes

preh-ZEN-chis — Present; in attendance at a gathering

entre

EN-treh — Among; between; prep. indicating inclusion

outros

OH-troos — Others; additional people or things mentioned

e

eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction in Portuguese

Srta.

sen-yo-REE-tah — Abbreviation for 'Senhorita'; Miss in English

O

oo — The; masculine singular definite article

conhecimento

kohn-yeh-see-MEN-too — Knowledge; acquaintance; familiarity with someone

rapidamente

hah-pee-dah-MEN-cheh — Quickly; rapidly; in a fast manner

se

seh — Reflexive pronoun; itself, himself, herself

aprofundou

ah-pro-foon-DOH — Deepened; became more profound or intense

intimidade

een-chee-mee-DAH-deh — Intimacy; closeness; deep personal familiarity

amizade

ah-mee-ZAH-deh — Friendship; close bond between two people

nunca

NOON-kah — Never; at no time; negative adverb

cansava

kahn-SAH-vah — Grew tired; imperfect tense of 'cansar'

de

deh — Of; from; preposition indicating origin or possession

discorrer

dees-koh-HEHR — To discourse; to speak at length about something

sobre

SOH-breh — About; on; concerning a topic or subject

todas

TOH-dahs — All; every; feminine plural of 'todo'

as

ahz — The; feminine plural definite article

vantagens

vahn-TAH-zheens — Advantages; benefits; favorable aspects of something

tão

tawng — So; such; used to intensify adjectives or adverbs

singular

seen-goo-LAR — Singular; unique; extraordinary or unusual relationship

relacionamento

heh-lah-syoh-nah-MEN-too — Relationship; connection or bond between people

Em

eng — In; at; preposition indicating location or time

alguns

ahl-GOONGS — Some; a few; masculine plural indefinite adjective

dos

dooz — Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'os'

exemplares

eh-zem-PLAH-rehs — Copies; individual instances of a published work

oferta

oh-FEHR-tah — Gift; offering; something given to another person

sua

SOO-ah — His; her; their; possessive adjective or pronoun

obra

OH-brah — Work; a literary or artistic creation

_Economia

eh-koh-noh-MEE-ah — Economy; title word referring to economic principles

Política_

poh-LEE-chee-kah — Political; politics; title word in Mill's work

ele

EH-leh — He; third person singular masculine pronoun

escreveu

esh-kreh-VEH-oo — Wrote; third person singular preterite of 'escrever'

seguinte

seh-GEEN-cheh — Following; next; the one that comes after

dedicatória

deh-dee-kah-TOH-ryah — Dedication; inscription in a book to someone

À

ah — To the; contraction of 'a' and 'a' (feminine)

Sra.

sen-YO-rah — Abbreviation for 'Senhora'; Mrs. in English

que

keh — Who; that; which; relative pronoun or conjunction

pessoas

peh-SOH-ahs — People; persons; human beings in general

conhecidas

kohn-yeh-SEE-dahs — Known; acquainted; familiar to a particular person

pelo

PEH-loo — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'o'

autor

ow-TOR — Author; writer; creator of a literary work

é

eh — Is; third person singular present of 'ser'

mais

mahys — More; most; comparative adverb of degree

altamente

ahl-tah-MEN-cheh — Highly; greatly; to a very great degree

qualificada

kwah-lee-fee-KAH-dah — Qualified; competent; having the necessary skills

para

PAH-rah — For; to; in order to; common preposition

originar

oh-ree-zhee-NAR — To originate; to generate or create something new

ou

oh — Or; coordinating disjunctive conjunction

apreciar

ah-preh-syar — To appreciate; to value or judge something fairly

especulações

esh-peh-koo-lah-SOINS — Speculations; theoretical ideas or reflective thoughts

o

oo — The; masculine singular definite article

progresso

pro-GREH-soo — Progress; advancement; forward movement in society

social

so-SYAHL — Social; relating to society and human interaction

esta

EHS-tah — This; feminine singular demonstrative pronoun

dedicada

deh-dee-KAH-dah — Dedicated; devoted; inscribed to a specific person

com

kong — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or manner

alto

AHL-too — High; great; elevated in degree or intensity

respeito

hesh-PAY-too — Respect; esteem; high regard for someone

estima

esh-CHEE-mah — Esteem; regard; positive feeling toward a person

Um

oom — A; an; masculine singular indefinite article

artigo

ar-CHEE-goo — Article; a piece of writing published somewhere

emancipação

eh-mahn-see-pah-SOWNG — Emancipation; liberation from social or legal constraints

das

dahz — Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'as'

mulheres

moo-LYEH-rehs — Women; adult female human beings

ocasião

oh-kah-zyAONG — Occasion; opportunity; a particular event or moment

um

oom — A; an; masculine indefinite article or numeral

encômio

en-KOH-myoo — Encomium; praise; a formal expression of admiration

Dificilmente

dee-fee-seel-MEN-cheh — Hardly; with difficulty; barely possible or likely

estaremos

esh-tah-REH-moos — We will be; future tense of 'estar'

errados

eh-HAH-doos — Wrong; mistaken; incorrect in one's assessment

atribuir

ah-tree-BWEER — To attribute; to assign a cause or credit

livro

LEE-vroo — Book; a written or printed literary work

muito

MWEE-too — Very; much; a great degree or amount

posterior

posh-teh-RYOHR — Later; subsequent; occurring after something else

Sujeição

soo-zhay-SOWNG — Subjection; subordination; state of being under control

Mulheres_

moo-LYEH-rehs — Women; title word in Mill's feminist work

publicado

poo-blee-KAH-doo — Published; released for public reading or sale

à

ah — To the; contraction of 'a' with feminine article

influência

een-floo-EN-syah — Influence; effect one person has on another

exercida

eh-zehr-SEE-dah — Exerted; exercised; applied as an influence or force

pela

PEH-lah — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'a'

Por

por — By; for; through; common Portuguese preposition

fim

feeng — End; conclusion; final part of something

páginas

PAH-zhee-nahs — Pages; individual sheets in a book or text

da

dah — Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'a'

_Autobiografia_

ow-toh-byoh-grah-FEE-ah — Autobiography; a self-written account of one's life

ressoam

heh-SOH-ahng — Resound; echo; ring out with repeated praise

os

ooz — The; masculine plural definite article

louvores

loh-VOH-rehs — Praises; words of admiration or glorification

seu

SEH-oo — His; her; your; possessive pronoun or adjective

conselheiro

kohn-seh-LYAY-roo — Advisor; counselor; someone who gives guidance

quase

KWAH-zeh — Almost; nearly; very close to but not quite

infalível

een-fah-LEE-vel — Infallible; never wrong; incapable of making errors

Os

ooz — The; masculine plural definite article

fatos

FAH-toos — Facts; true pieces of information or data

dessa

DEH-sah — Of this; contraction of 'de' and 'essa'

notável

noh-TAH-vel — Notable; remarkable; worthy of attention or mention

podem

POH-deng — Can; are able to; third person plural of 'poder'

ser

sehr — To be; infinitive of the permanent state verb

facilmente

fah-seel-MEN-cheh — Easily; without difficulty; in a simple manner

expostos

eks-POHS-toos — Exposed; set out; presented for examination or view

As

ahz — The; feminine plural definite article

deduções

deh-doo-SOINS — Deductions; conclusions drawn from available evidence

são

sowng — Are; third person plural present of 'ser'

difíceis

dee-FEE-says — Difficult; hard; challenging to understand or do

Não

nowng — No; not; basic negative word in Portuguese

há

ah — There is; there are; from verb 'haver'

dúvida

DOO-vee-dah — Doubt; uncertainty about something being true

apaixonamento

ah-pay-shoh-nah-MEN-too — Infatuation; passionate love for another person

causa

KOW-zah — Caused; cause; reason or source of an effect

considerável

kohn-see-deh-RAH-vel — Considerable; significant; notably large in degree

perturbação

pehr-toor-bah-SOWNG — Disturbance; upset; disruption to social harmony

seus

SEH-oos — His; her; their; masculine plural possessive adjective

conhecidos

kohn-yeh-SEE-doos — Acquaintances; people known to a particular person

amigos

ah-MEE-goos — Friends; people with whom one has a close bond

Seu

SEH-oo — His; your; possessive adjective for third person

pai

pah-ee — Father; male parent of a person

abertamente

ah-behr-tah-MEN-cheh — Openly; frankly; without hiding one's opinion

acusou

ah-koo-ZOH — Accused; charged someone with wrongdoing openly

estar

esh-TAR — To be; infinitive indicating state or condition

apaixonado

ah-pay-shoh-NAH-doo — In love; infatuated; deeply enamored with someone

esposa

esh-POH-zah — Wife; a married woman; female spouse

outro

OH-troo — Another; other; a different person or thing

homem

OH-meng — Man; adult male human being

sofreram

soh-FREH-rahng — Suffered; experienced hardship or negative consequences

por

por — For; by; through; common Portuguese preposition

terem

TEH-reng — Having; infinitive plural of 'ter' with pronoun

feito

FAY-too — Done; made; past participle of 'fazer'

alguma

ahl-GOO-mah — Some; any; feminine singular indefinite adjective

alusão

ah-loo-ZOWNG — Allusion; indirect reference to a sensitive topic

assunto

ah-SOON-too — Subject; matter; topic being discussed or avoided

proibido

pro-ee-BEE-doo — Forbidden; prohibited; not allowed to be discussed