On Liberty — Page 15
In the tract on _Liberty_, Mill is advocating the rights of the individual as against Society at the very opening of an era that was rapidly coming to the conclusion that the individual had no absolute rights against Society.
No tratado sobre _Liberdade_, Mill defende os direitos do indivíduo em oposição à Sociedade no próprio início de uma era que rapidamente chegava à conclusão de que o indivíduo não tinha direitos absolutos contra a Sociedade.
The eighteenth century view is that individuals existed first, each with their own special claims and responsibilities; that they deliberately formed a Social State, either by a contract or otherwise; and that then finally they limited their own action out of regard for the interests of the social organism thus arbitrarily produced.
A visão do século XVIII é que os indivíduos existiram primeiro, cada um com suas próprias reivindicações e responsabilidades especiais; que deliberadamente formaram um Estado Social, seja por contrato ou de outra forma; e que então, finalmente, limitaram suas próprias ações em consideração aos interesses do organismo social assim arbitrariamente produzido.
This is hardly the view of the nineteenth century.
Esta dificilmente é a visão do século XIX.
It is possible that logically the individual is prior to the State; historically and in the order of Nature, the State is prior to the individual.
É possível que logicamente o indivíduo seja anterior ao Estado; historicamente e na ordem da Natureza, o Estado é anterior ao indivíduo.
In other words, such rights as every single personality possesses in a modern world do not belong to him by an original ordinance of Nature, but are slowly acquired in the growth and development of the social state.
Em outras palavras, os direitos que cada personalidade individual possui no mundo moderno não lhe pertencem por uma ordenança original da Natureza, mas são lentamente adquiridos no crescimento e desenvolvimento do estado social.
It is not the truth that individual liberties were forfeited by some deliberate act when men made themselves into a Commonwealth.
Não é verdade que as liberdades individuais foram perdidas por algum ato deliberado quando os homens se constituíram em uma Comunidade.
Vocabulary
- tratado
- Treatise; a formal written work on a subject
- sobre
- About; on the subject of something
- _Liberdade_
- Liberty; freedom from oppression or restriction
- defende
- Defends; argues in support of something
- direitos
- Rights; entitlements belonging to individuals
- indivíduo
- Individual; a single person as a distinct entity
- oposição
- Opposition; resistance or contrast against something
- Sociedade
- Society; organized community of people living together
- próprio
- Own; belonging specifically to oneself
- início
- Beginning; the start of something
- era
- Era; a distinct period of historical time
- rapidamente
- Rapidly; in a quick or fast manner
- chegava
- Was arriving; reaching a destination or conclusion
- conclusão
- Conclusion; the end or final outcome of something
- absolutos
- Absolutes; unconditional and unlimited principles or rights
- contra
- Against; in opposition to something
- visão
- Vision; a particular way of seeing or understanding
- século
- Century; a period of one hundred years
- indivíduos
- Individuals; separate persons considered independently
- existiram
- Existed; came into being or were present
- primeiro
- First; before all others in order or time
- cada
- Each; every one individually considered
- próprias
- Own; belonging specifically to oneself, feminine plural
- reivindicações
- Claims; demands asserting one's rights or entitlements
- responsabilidades
- Responsibilities; duties one is obligated to fulfill
- especiais
- Special; distinct or particular in nature
- deliberadamente
- Deliberately; done intentionally with careful forethought
- formaram
- Formed; created or established something together
- Estado
- State; a political organized community or government
- Social
- Social; relating to society and social organization
- seja
- Be; subjunctive form of 'ser', whether or be it
- contrato
- Contract; a formal agreement between parties
- outra
- Other; a different or additional one
- forma
- Form/way; a manner or method of doing something
- então
- Then; at that time or as a consequence
- finalmente
- Finally; at last, after a long time
- limitaram
- Limited; restricted or set boundaries on something
- ações
- Actions; things done or carried out
- consideração
- Consideration; careful thought or regard for something
- interesses
- Interests; concerns or matters of importance to someone
- organismo
- Organism; a living entity or organized system
- social
- Social; relating to society or community life
- assim
- Thus/so; in this way or therefore
- arbitrariamente
- Arbitrarily; based on random or personal choice
- produzido
- Produced; created or brought into existence
- dificilmente
- Hardly; with great difficulty or barely
- possível
- Possible; able to happen or be done
- logicamente
- Logically; in a manner consistent with reason
- anterior
- Prior/anterior; coming before in time or order
- historicamente
- Historically; with reference to recorded history
- ordem
- Order; a sequence or arrangement of things
- Natureza
- Nature; the natural world or inherent character
- palavras
- Words; units of language expressing meaning
- personalidade
- Personality; the distinct character of a person
- individual
- Individual; relating to a single person specifically
- possui
- Possesses; owns or has something
- mundo
- World; the earth or a particular domain
- moderno
- Modern; relating to present or recent times
- lhe
- To him/her; indirect object pronoun
- pertencem
- Belong; are the property or part of someone
- ordenança
- Ordinance; a decree or authoritative regulation
- original
- Original; existing from the beginning, not copied
- lentamente
- Slowly; in a gradual, unhurried manner
- adquiridos
- Acquired; obtained or gained over time
- crescimento
- Growth; the process of increasing or developing
- desenvolvimento
- Development; gradual growth and advancement of something
- estado
- State/condition; the situation or condition of something
- verdade
- Truth; something that corresponds to reality
- liberdades
- Liberties; freedoms or rights granted to individuals
- individuais
- Individual; relating to single persons, plural adjective
- perdidas
- Lost; no longer possessed or misplaced
- algum
- Some; an unspecified or indefinite amount
- ato
- Act; a deed or action performed deliberately
- deliberado
- Deliberate; done consciously and intentionally
- quando
- When; at the time that something occurs
- homens
- Men; adult male human beings
- constituíram
- Constituted; established or formed themselves into something
- Comunidade
- Community; a group sharing common interests or location
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