On Liberty — Page 14

English → Pt Preface Level 9/10

It is true that Mill had before learnt that men and women ought to be equal in legal, political, social, and domestic relations.

É verdade que Mill havia aprendido anteriormente que homens e mulheres deveriam ser iguais nas relações jurídicas, políticas, sociais e domésticas.

This was a point on which he had already fallen foul of his father's essay on _Government_.

Este era um ponto sobre o qual ele já havia entrado em conflito com o ensaio de seu pai sobre o _Governo_.

But Mrs. Taylor had actually written on this very point, and the warmth and fervour of Mill's denunciations of women's servitude were unmistakably caught from his wife's view of the practical disabilities entailed by the feminine position.

Mas a Sra. Taylor havia de facto escrito sobre este mesmo ponto, e o calor e o fervor das denúncias de Mill acerca da servidão das mulheres foram inegavelmente captados da visão de sua esposa sobre as incapacidades práticas impostas pela condição feminina.

_Liberty_ was published in 1859, when the nineteenth century was half over, but in its general spirit and in some of its special tendencies the little tract belongs rather to the standpoint of the eighteenth century than to that which saw its birth.

_A Liberdade_ foi publicada em 1859, quando o século XIX estava na sua metade, mas no seu espírito geral e em algumas das suas tendências especiais o pequeno tratado pertence antes ao ponto de vista do século XVIII do que àquele que viu o seu nascimento.

In many of his speculations John Stuart Mill forms a sort of connecting link between the doctrines of the earlier English empirical school and those which we associate with the name of Mr. Herbert Spencer.

Em muitas das suas especulações, John Stuart Mill forma uma espécie de elo de ligação entre as doutrinas da escola empírica inglesa anterior e aquelas que associamos ao nome do Sr. Herbert Spencer.

In his _Logic_, for instance, he represents an advance on the theories of Hume, and yet does not see how profoundly the victories of Science modify the conclusions of the earlier thinker.

Na sua _Lógica_, por exemplo, ele representa um avanço sobre as teorias de Hume, e no entanto não vê como as vitórias da Ciência modificam profundamente as conclusões do pensador anterior.

Similarly, in his _Political Economy_, he desires to improve and to enlarge upon Ricardo, and yet does not advance so far as the modifications of political economy by Sociology, indicated by some later--and especially German--speculations on the subject.

Da mesma forma, na sua _Economia Política_, ele deseja aprimorar e expandir as ideias de Ricardo, e no entanto não avança tanto quanto as modificações da economia política pela Sociologia, indicadas por algumas especulações posteriores — e especialmente alemãs — sobre o assunto.

Vocabulary

É: Third person singular present tense of 'ser' (to be).
verdade: Truth; something that is true or factual.
que: That; which; a common conjunction or relative pronoun.
havia: Past tense of 'haver'; had or there had been.
aprendido: Past participle of 'aprender'; learned or acquired knowledge.
anteriormente: Previously; at an earlier time or before.
homens: Men; plural of 'homem', meaning adult male humans.
e: And; a basic coordinating conjunction linking words.
mulheres: Women; plural of 'mulher', meaning adult female humans.
deveriam: They should; conditional past of 'dever', expressing obligation.
ser: To be; an essential linking verb in Portuguese.
iguais: Equal; having the same rights or standing as others.
nas: In the; contraction of 'em' and 'as' (feminine plural).
relações: Relations; connections or interactions between people or things.
jurídicas: Legal; relating to law or juridical matters.
políticas: Political; relating to government, politics, or public affairs.
sociais: Social; relating to society and human interactions.
domésticas: Domestic; relating to home, household, or family life.
Este: This; a demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby.
era: Was; imperfect past tense of 'ser', expressing a state.
um: A/an or one; an indefinite article or numeral.
ponto: Point; a specific idea, place, or argument in context.
sobre: About; on top of; concerning a topic or subject.
o: The; masculine singular definite article in Portuguese.
qual: Which; a relative pronoun used to specify something.
ele: He; third person masculine singular subject pronoun.
já: Already; now; indicates something has occurred before.
entrado: Past participle of 'entrar'; entered into or engaged with.
em: In; at; into; a common Portuguese preposition.
conflito: Conflict; a disagreement or clash between parties.
com: With; a preposition indicating accompaniment or association.
ensaio: Essay; a written piece discussing or arguing a topic.
de: Of; from; a very common Portuguese preposition.
seu: His; her; its; possessive pronoun for third person.
pai: Father; a male parent.
Governo: Government; the ruling authority of a state or country.
Mas: But; a conjunction indicating contrast or exception.
Sra: Abbreviation for 'Senhora'; Mrs or Ms in English.
facto: Fact; something known to be true or real.
escrito: Written; past participle of 'escrever', to write.
este: This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby.
mesmo: Same; even; itself; emphasizing identity or similarity.
calor: Heat; warmth; also used metaphorically for passion or intensity.
fervor: Fervor; intense enthusiasm, passion, or zeal.
das: Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'as' (feminine plural).
denúncias: Denunciations; formal complaints or accusations against something.
acerca: About; concerning; regarding a particular topic.
da: Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'a' (feminine singular).
servidão: Servitude; the state of being enslaved or subjugated.
foram: Were; third person plural preterite of 'ser' or 'ir'.
inegavelmente: Undeniably; in a way that cannot be denied or disputed.
captados: Captured; absorbed; past participle of 'captar'.
visão: Vision; sight; a particular way of seeing things.
sua: His; her; its; possessive adjective for third person.
esposa: Wife; a married woman in relation to her husband.
as: The; feminine plural definite article in Portuguese.
incapacidades: Incapacities; inabilities or legal/social disqualifications imposed.
práticas: Practical; relating to real-world application or practice.
impostas: Imposed; forced upon someone by authority or circumstances.
pela: By the; contraction of 'por' and 'a' (feminine singular).
condição: Condition; state of being or circumstance affecting someone.
feminina: Feminine; relating to women or female gender.
Liberdade: Liberty; freedom from oppression or unjust restrictions.
foi: Was; went; third person singular preterite of 'ser/ir'.
publicada: Published; made available to the public in print.
quando: When; at the time that; a temporal conjunction.
século: Century; a period of one hundred years.
estava: Was; imperfect past tense of 'estar', a temporary state.
na: In the; contraction of 'em' and 'a' (feminine singular).
metade: Half; the middle point or halfway of something.
mas: But; however; a coordinating conjunction showing contrast.
no: In the; contraction of 'em' and 'o' (masculine singular).
espírito: Spirit; mind; the essence or general character of something.
geral: General; overall; broad in scope or application.
algumas: Some; a few; indefinite feminine plural quantifier.
suas: His/her/its; possessive adjective, feminine plural form.
tendências: Tendencies; trends or inclinations toward a particular direction.
especiais: Special; particular; out of the ordinary or unique.
pequeno: Small; little; of limited size or scope.
tratado: Treatise; a formal written work on a specific subject.
pertence: Belongs; pertains to; third person singular of 'pertencer'.
antes: Before; previously; earlier in time or preference.
ao: To the; contraction of 'a' and 'o' (masculine singular).
vista: View; perspective; the way something is seen or regarded.
do: Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'o' (masculine singular).
àquele: To that; contraction of 'a' and 'aquele' (that one).
viu: Saw; witnessed; third person singular preterite of 'ver'.
nascimento: Birth; the beginning of life or existence of something.
Em: In; at; a preposition indicating location or situation.
muitas: Many; a large number of (feminine plural form).
especulações: Speculations; theoretical ideas or conjectures about something.
forma: Forms; constitutes; third person singular of 'formar'.
uma: A/an or one; feminine indefinite article or numeral.
espécie: Kind; type; a sort or species of something.
elo: Link; a connecting element between two things or groups.
ligação: Connection; link; a bond or relationship between things.
entre: Between; among; indicating a position or relation connecting two things.
doutrinas: Doctrines; established sets of beliefs or principles taught.
escola: School; an institution or intellectual tradition of thought.
empírica: Empirical; based on observation and evidence rather than theory.
inglesa: English; relating to England or the English language.
anterior: Prior; earlier; coming before in time or order.
aquelas: Those; feminine plural demonstrative pronoun for distant things.
associamos: We associate; link together in thought or relation.
nome: Name; a word by which a person or thing is known.
Sr: Abbreviation for 'Senhor'; Mr in English.
Na: In the; contraction of 'em' and 'a' (feminine singular).
Lógica: Logic; the study of reasoning; also refers to Mill's work.
por: By; for; through; a versatile Portuguese preposition.
exemplo: Example; an instance illustrating a rule or concept.
representa: Represents; stands for or constitutes something significant.
avanço: Advance; progress beyond a previous position or idea.
teorias: Theories; systems of ideas explaining phenomena or events.
entanto: However; meanwhile; used in 'no entanto' meaning nevertheless.
não: No; not; the basic negation word in Portuguese.
vê: Sees; perceives; third person singular present of 'ver'.
como: How; as; like; a conjunction or adverb of comparison.
vitórias: Victories; successes achieved after struggle or competition.
Ciência: Science; systematic study of the natural world and phenomena.
modificam: Modify; alter; third person plural present of 'modificar'.
profundamente: Profoundly; deeply; in a thorough and significant manner.
conclusões: Conclusions; final decisions or results drawn from reasoning.
pensador: Thinker; a person who engages deeply in intellectual thought.
Da: Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'a' (feminine singular).
mesma: Same; identical; feminine form of 'mesmo'.
Economia: Economy; the system of production and management of resources.
Política: Politics; also used as 'political economy' in this context.
deseja: Desires; wishes; third person singular present of 'desejar'.
aprimorar: To improve; to refine or enhance the quality of something.
expandir: To expand; to broaden or extend the scope of something.
ideias: Ideas; thoughts or concepts formed in the mind.
avança: Advances; moves forward; third person singular of 'avançar'.
tanto: So much; as much; indicating a large degree or quantity.
quanto: As much as; how much; used in comparisons or questions.
modificações: Modifications; changes or alterations made to something existing.
economia: Economy; financial system or thrifty management of resources.
política: Politics; policy; relating to governance or political science.
Sociologia: Sociology; the academic study of society and social behavior.
indicadas: Indicated; suggested; pointed out as relevant or necessary.
posteriores: Later; subsequent; coming after in time or order.
especialmente: Especially; particularly; to a greater degree than usual.
alemãs: German; feminine plural adjective relating to Germany.
assunto: Subject; topic; the matter being discussed or considered.

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