On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 2

Vocabulary

光

hikari — Light; radiance; a source of illumination.

について

ni tsuite — Regarding; concerning; about a topic.

私たち

watashitachi — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

気

ki — Spirit; mood; feeling; attention; energy.

に

ni — Directional or locative particle; to, at, in.

する

suru — To do; to perform; to make happen.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.

道

michi — Road; path; way; a course to follow.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

示し

shimeshi — Showing; indicating; pointing out something clearly.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or related actions.

くれる

kureru — To give (to me/us); to do a favor.

か

ka — Question marker particle; or; whether.

どう

dou — How; in what way; what about it.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

あり

ari — Existence; being; conjunctive form of ある.

ランプ

ranpu — Lamp; a device that produces artificial light.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; to have (inanimate).

ろうそく

rousoku — Candle; a wax stick burned for light.

ない

nai — Not; negation; does not exist; there isn't.

対する

taisuru — To face; to be directed toward; regarding.

真

shin — Truth; genuine; real; authentic essence.

関心

kanshin — Interest; concern; attention directed toward something.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

推定

suitei — Presumption; estimation; inferring something from evidence.

上

ue — Above; on top; upper; in terms of.

父

chichi — Father; one's own father; male parent.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese grammar.

される

sareru — To be done; passive voice of する.

概念

gainen — Concept; idea; abstract notion or conception.

伝記

denki — Biography; written account of someone's life.

作者

sakusha — Author; creator; writer of a literary work.

それら

sorera — Those; plural demonstrative pronoun for previously mentioned items.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; unusual; extraordinary degree.

明快

meikai — Clear; lucid; easy to understand and straightforward.

かつ

katsu — And; moreover; simultaneously; both at the same time.

生き生き

ikiiki — Vivid; lively; animated; full of vitality.

した

shita — Did; past tense or adjectival form of する.

述べ

nobe — Stating; describing; expressing in words.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (animate); progressive marker.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; because of; for sake.

批判

hihan — Criticism; critique; evaluating faults or shortcomings.

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like, -ical, -related; adjectival suffix.

研究

kenkyū — Research; study; academic investigation of a subject.

王

ō — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom.

や

ya — And; or; listing particle for non-exhaustive items.

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; narrative; literary fiction or legend.

残り

nokori — Remainder; rest; what is left over.

部分

bubun — Part; portion; section of a whole thing.

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely; without exception.

証明

shōmei — Proof; demonstration; verification of a claim.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; and; doing.

自身

jishin — Oneself; itself; emphasizing the subject personally.

太陽

taiyō — Sun; the star at the center of our solar system.

神話

shinwa — Myth; mythology; traditional sacred narrative or legend.

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to be named.

影

kage — Shadow; shade; reflection; silhouette of something.

よう

yō — Like; similar to; appearing as; seeming.

な

na — Adjectival particle; connecting な-adjective to a noun.

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; entity that exists in reality.

まで

made — Until; as far as; even; up to.

る

ru — Verb ending for dictionary form; present/future tense.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle in Japanese.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; hardly; nearly all or nothing.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings or emotions.

痛める

itameru — To hurt; to pain; to trouble one's mind.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; required; something that must be done.

語る

kataru — To narrate; to tell; to speak about at length.

様々

samazama — Various; diverse; many different kinds of things.

身

mi — Body; oneself; one's personal situation or status.

不幸

fukō — Misfortune; unhappiness; unfortunate circumstances or events.

よって

yotte — By means of; due to; because of; therefore.

人生

jinsei — Life; one's lifetime; human life experience.

幻滅

genmetsu — Disillusionment; disappointment after ideals are shattered.

離れ

hanare — Separating; leaving; moving away from something.

川

kawa — River; stream; body of flowing fresh water.

ほとり

hotori — Vicinity; bank; nearby area beside water.

離れた

hanareta — Separated; remote; distant from people or places.

隠れ家

kakurega — Hideout; retreat; secluded place to hide away.

自然

shizen — Nature; the natural world; occurring without artificiality.

孤独

kodoku — Solitude; loneliness; state of being alone.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.

生命

seimei — Life; living existence; vital force of organisms.

世界

sekai — World; the earth; all of existence around us.

多様

tayō — Diverse; varied; manifold; many different types.

驚異

kyōi — Wonder; marvel; something astonishing and awe-inspiring.

この

kono — This; the following; near the speaker.

探求

tankyū — Pursuit; quest; seeking after truth or knowledge.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does; practitioner of something.

とって

totte — For; from the perspective of; regarding a person.

特別

tokubetsu — Special; particular; exceptional; distinct from ordinary.

魅力

miryoku — Charm; attraction; fascinating quality that draws people.

持っ

mott(e) — Holding; having; possessing something (conjunctive form).

い

i — Conjunctive form of いる; being; existing (animate).

周囲

shūi — Surroundings; circumference; area around something.

植物

shokubutsu — Plants; vegetation; flora; living photosynthetic organisms.

動物

dōbutsu — Animals; fauna; living creatures capable of movement.

絶え間

taema — Without interruption; continually; ceaselessly; unending gap.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negation connecting to next clause.

辛抱

shinbō — Patience; endurance; bearing hardship with perseverance.

強く

tsuyoku — Strongly; powerfully; with great force or intensity.

観察

kansatsu — Observation; watching carefully; systematic examination.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

優れ

sugure — Excelling; superior; outstanding in ability or quality.

力

chikara — Power; strength; ability; force; capability.

推論

suiron — Reasoning; inference; logical deduction from premises.

磨か

migaka — Polishing; sharpening; refining a skill (stem form).

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; before one knows it; inadvertently.

無

mu — Nothing; nothingness; lacking; absence of something.

教養

kyōyō — Culture; refinement; general knowledge; liberal education.

目

me — Eye; vision; perspective; point of view.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; absolutely; truly; indeed.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal; the very same thing.

見える

mieru — To appear; to be visible; to seem like.

物体

buttai — Object; physical body; tangible material thing.

間

aida / ma — Between; interval; space or time between things.

無数

musū — Innumerable; countless; too many to count.

差異

sai — Difference; discrepancy; variation between two things.

見抜く

minuku — To see through; to perceive hidden truth.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; degree or extent of quality.

つける

tsukeru — To attach; to acquire; to cultivate a habit.

至っ

itatt(e) — Reaching; arriving at; attaining a point or state.

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mentality; intellectual or psychological faculty.

その

sono — That; the; referring to something previously mentioned.

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; learned understanding of subjects.

蓄え

takuwae — Savings; stored supply; accumulated reserve of something.

拡大

kakudai — Expansion; enlargement; increasing in size or scope.

人

hito — Person; human being; people in general.

幸福

kōfuku — Happiness; well-being; state of contentment and joy.

善

zen — Good; goodness; virtue; moral excellence or benefit.

向かう

mukau — To head toward; to face; to go in direction.

もの

mono — Thing; object; person; something with certain quality.

期待

kitai — Expectation; hope; anticipation of a future event.

しれ

shire — May be; might; potential form of 知れる.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction.

はかな

hakana — Fleeting; transient; ephemeral; sadly short-lived.

経験

keiken — Experience; personal encounter with events or situations.

運命

unmei — Fate; destiny; inevitable course of one's life.

あっ

att(e) — Being; existing (conjunctive form of ある).