On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 9

Vocabulary

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind; a person

理性

risei — Reason; rationality; logical faculty of mind

の

no — Possessive/nominalizing particle

誇り

hokori — Pride; sense of honor or self-respect

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target

膨れ上がり

fukureagari — Swelling up; growing inflated or puffed up

彼

kare — He; that male person

は

wa — Topic-marking particle

魔術

majutsu — Magic; sorcery; occult arts

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-related', or '-ical'

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; understanding of facts

確立

kakuritsu — Establishment; firmly setting up a system or standard

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives or part of passive verb

れ

re — Part of passive or potential verb conjugation

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb

規範

kihan — Norm; standard; rule of conduct

を

wo — Object-marking particle

無視

mushi — Ignoring; disregarding; paying no attention to

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する (to do)

て

te — Te-form connective particle linking clauses

い

i — Stem of いる, indicating ongoing state or action

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting subsequent events

結局

kekkyoku — After all; in the end; ultimately

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; situation; circumstance

単なる

tan'naru — Mere; nothing more than; only just

世俗

sezoku — Worldly; secular; mundane matters of ordinary life

な

na — Adjectival copula suffix for na-adjectives

常識

jōshiki — Common sense; general knowledge; conventional wisdom

過ぎ

sugi — Too much; nothing more than; mere excess

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not exist; is not

もの

mono — Thing; object; matter; nominalizer

信頼

shinrai — Trust; reliance; confidence in someone or something

ながら

nagara — While doing; although; even as

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all kinds of; any and all

平凡

heibon — Ordinary; mediocre; commonplace; nothing special

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something

高尚

kōshō — Lofty; refined; noble; intellectually elevated

対立

tairitsu — Opposition; confrontation; standing against something

姿勢

shisei — Posture; attitude; stance toward something

持つ

motsu — To hold; to have; to possess

知恵

chie — Wisdom; wit; practical intelligence

が

ga — Subject-marking particle

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; ever before in the past

到達

tōtatsu — Reaching; attaining; arriving at a goal

より

yori — Than; from; more so than; comparative particle

も

mo — Also; too; even; as well

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificial force

深く

fukaku — Deeply; profoundly; to a great depth

洞察

dōsatsu — Insight; keen perception; seeing through to truth

する

suru — To do; to perform; general action verb

境地

kyōchi — State of mind; mental realm; level of attainment

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; conditional particle

人々

hitobito — People; various persons; folks

導く

michibiku — To guide; to lead; to show the way

称し

shōshi — Calling oneself; claiming to be; naming as

実際

jissai — Actually; in reality; in practice

議論

giron — Argument; discussion; debate on a topic

全て

subete — All; everything; entirely; the whole

根底

kontei — Foundation; root; underlying basis of something

あった

atta — Was; existed; there was (past tense of ある)

我々

wareware — We; us; our group (formal, collective first person)

日常

nichijō — Everyday; daily; ordinary routine life

生活

seikatsu — Life; daily living; lifestyle

行為

kōi — Act; action; deed; conduct

基づい

motozui — Based on; grounded in; founded upon

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings)

粗野

soya — Crude; rough; coarse; unrefined in manner

で

de — At; by means of; copula for context or location

前提

zentei — Premise; presupposition; prior assumption

すなわち

sunawachi — Namely; that is; in other words

結果

kekka — Result; outcome; consequence of an action

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle

その

sono — That; the aforementioned (demonstrative modifier)

生み出す

umidasu — To produce; to create; to give rise to

能力

nōryoku — Ability; capability; skill; capacity

原因

gen'in — Cause; reason; origin of an event

推論

suiron — Inference; reasoning; logical deduction

できる

dekiru — Can do; to be able to; possible

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to state

以外

igai — Other than; except for; besides

何

nani — What; something; anything

か

ka — Question particle; or; some (indefinite)

足跡

ashiato — Footprint; track; trace left by feet

犬

inu — Dog; domestic canine animal

や

ya — And; or; listing particle (non-exhaustive)

馬

uma — Horse; equine animal

残す

nokosu — To leave behind; to keep; to preserve

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; absolutely; quite

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal; no different

したがって

shitagatte — Therefore; consequently; thus; as a result

それら

sorera — Those; those things or creatures (plural demonstrative)

ような

yō na — Like; similar to; such as; resembling

動物

dōbutsu — Animal; living creature other than humans

前足

maeashi — Front legs or forefeet of an animal

跡

ato — Trace; mark; track left behind

両脇

ryōwaki — Both sides; either flank or side

ついた

tsuita — Attached; stuck; left (a mark); past of つく

痕跡

konseki — Trace; vestige; mark left by something

長く

nagaku — Long; for a long time; lengthy (adverbial)

引きずる

hikizuru — To drag; to trail along the ground

耳

mimi — Ear; the organ of hearing

によって

ni yotte — By means of; due to; depending on

生み出さ

umidasa — Produced; created (stem form of 生み出す)

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

長い

nagai — Long; lengthy (adjective form)

これら

korera — These; these things (plural demonstrative pronoun)

以下

ika — Below; the following; less than or equal to

同様

dōyō — Likewise; similarly; in the same way

ある

aru — To exist; to be; to have (inanimate)

魔術師

majutsushi — Magician; sorcerer; one who practices magic

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings

喜ば

yorokoba — Pleasing; delighting (stem of 喜ぶ)

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary; to make or let someone do

よう

yō — Seeming; in order to; like; manner

崇高

sūkō — Sublime; lofty; noble; supremely elevated

して

shite — Doing (te-form of する); as; in the role of

想像

sōzō — Imagination; conjecture; mental image

絶する

zessuru — To surpass; to be beyond; to transcend limits

壮大

sōdai — Grand; magnificent; vast; imposing in scale

理解

rikai — Understanding; comprehension; grasping meaning

不能

funō — Impossible; incapable; inability to perform

結論

ketsuron — Conclusion; final judgment; end result of reasoning

体系

taikei — System; organized framework; structured whole

堂々

dōdō — Magnificent; stately; boldly; with dignity

展開

tenkai — Development; unfolding; expansion of ideas

似て

nite — Resembling; being similar to (te-form of 似る)

これ

kore — This; this thing; close to the speaker

ほど

hodo — To the extent of; as much as; degree

絶望

zetsubō — Despair; hopelessness; loss of all hope

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as; even

俗っぽい

zokuppoi — Vulgar; common; lowbrow; unsophisticated in taste

他

hoka — Other; another; elsewhere; different

方法

hōhō — Method; way; means; procedure

人類

jinrui — Humanity; humankind; the human race

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely without exception

なら

nara — If; in the case of; conditional conjunction

なかった

nakatta — Did not exist; was not; past negative of ない

細部

saibu — Details; fine points; minute particulars

正確

seikaku — Accurate; precise; exact; without error

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding; in terms of (formal)

はるかに

haruka ni — Far; by far; much more; considerably greater

驚く

odoroku — To be surprised; to be astonished; to marvel

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or expectation

予言

yogen — Prophecy; prediction; foretelling future events

遊牧民

yūbokumin — Nomads; wandering herding peoples; nomadic folk

観察

kansatsu — Observation; careful watching and examination

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verbs

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does; individual with a role

馴染み深い

najimifukai — Very familiar; deeply acquainted; well-accustomed to