On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 12

Vocabulary

予測

yosoku — Prediction or forecast of future events.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.

力

chikara — Power, strength, or ability.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; namely; in other words.

将来

shōrai — The future; one's future prospects.

を

wo — Object-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

予言

yogen — Prophecy or prediction of future events.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting sentence subject.

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without human intervention.

科学

kagaku — Science; systematic study of the natural world.

偉大

idai — Great, grand, or magnificent in scale or achievement.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

特権

tokken — Privilege or special right granted to someone.

として

toshite — As; in the capacity or role of something.

一般

ippan — General; common; applying broadly to many cases.

に

ni — Direction, location, or purpose particle.

見なされ

minasare — Regarded as; considered to be something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or related actions.

いる

iru — To be; indicates ongoing state or action.

もの

mono — Thing; something; used for explanation or emphasis.

で

de — Copula or particle indicating means or location.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; copular verb for inanimate things.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting two related statements.

実に

jitsu ni — Truly; indeed; used to emphasize a statement.

驚く

odoroku — To be surprised or astonished by something.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

店

mise — Shop, store, or retail establishment.

入っ

hait(te) — Entered; went inside a place or container.

少額

shōgaku — Small amount of money; minor sum.

代金

daikin — Price paid; charge or fee for goods.

一冊

issatsu — One volume or copy of a book.

本

hon — Book; printed publication for reading.

購入

kōnyū — Purchase; buying goods or services.

すれ

sure — Conditional form of suru meaning if one does.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.

木星

mokusei — Jupiter; the fifth planet from the sun.

衛星

eisei — Satellite; moon orbiting a planet.

一つ

hitotsu — One thing; one unit of something.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

六

roku — The number six.

ヶ月

kagetsu — Months; counter for measuring duration in months.

後

go / ato — After; later; behind in time or space.

占める

shimeru — To occupy or take up a position or space.

正確

seikaku — Accurate, precise, or exact.

位置

ichi — Position, location, or place in space.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form connecting related clauses.

くれる

kureru — To give; do something for the speaker's benefit.

それどころか

sore dokoro ka — Far from that; on the contrary; even more so.

もし

moshi — If; used to introduce a hypothetical condition.

価値

kachi — Value, worth, or merit of something.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese.

王立

ōritsu — Royal; established or authorized by a monarchy.

年

nen — Year; counter for calendar years.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; expressing another possibility.

適用

tekiyō — Application; applying a rule or method to something.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; to be possible.

同様

dōyō — Similarly; in the same way; likewise.

確実

kakujitsu — Certain, reliable, or definite.

提供

teikyō — To provide, offer, or supply something to someone.

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; expressing minimum condition.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; introducing a contrasting statement.

天文学

tenmongaku — Astronomy; scientific study of celestial objects.

過去

kako — The past; time that has already occurred.

遡る

sakanoboru — To go back in time; to trace back historically.

おいて

oite — At; in; regarding a particular context or place.

も

mo — Also; too; even; additive or inclusive particle.

注目

chūmoku — Attention; notice; worthy of being watched closely.

ギリシャ

Girisha — Greece; ancient or modern Greek civilization.

哲学者

tetsugakusha — Philosopher; person who studies philosophy.

中

naka / chū — Inside; among; middle of a group or space.

最古

saiko — Oldest; most ancient; earliest known example.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; figure; notable individual in history.

不明

fumei — Unknown; unclear; not established or confirmed.

紀元前

kigenzen — Before the Common Era; BC.

頃

koro — Around; approximately; about a certain time.

活躍

katsuyaku — Active achievement; playing an active prominent role.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or casual sentence-ending particle.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

おり

ori — Humble form of いる meaning to be or exist.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; people.

戦い

tatakai — Battle, fight, or conflict between opposing sides.

最中

saichū — In the middle of; at the height of something.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

時代

jidai — Era, age, or period of history.

起き

oki — Occurred; happened; woke up.

日食

nisshoku — Solar eclipse; sun obscured by the moon.

言わ

iwa — Said; spoken; stated (base form of 言う).

卿

kyō — Lord; Sir; honorific title for nobility.

そのような

sono yōna — Such; that kind of; of that nature.

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; moon; monthly unit of time.

日

hi / nichi — Day; sun; daily unit of time.

午後

gogo — Afternoon; PM; the period after midday.

見ら

mira — Seen; observed (passive base of 見る).

証明

shōmei — Proof; demonstration; establishing something as true.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; extraordinary or unusual degree.

博識

hakushiki — Erudite; highly knowledgeable across many subjects.

興味深い

kyōmi bukai — Interesting; deeply fascinating or thought-provoking.

論文

ronbun — Academic paper or thesis presenting research findings.

著し

ichijirushi — Remarkable; notably conspicuous or significant.

述べ

nobe — Stated; described; expressed in words.

日時

nichiji — Date and time; specific scheduled moment.

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals; the general public.

太陽

taiyō — The sun; our star at the solar system's center.

面

men — Surface, face, or side of something.

完全

kanzen — Complete, perfect, or total without exception.

覆わ

oōwa — Covered; concealed; enveloped by something.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

目

me — Eye; sight; a point of observation.

という

to iu — Called; known as; said to be.

誰

dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun.

疑わ

utaga wa — Doubted; questioned; expressed skepticism about something.

ない

nai — Not; negation; does not exist or occur.

私たち

watashitachi — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

この

kono — This; referring to something near the speaker.

遡及

sokyū — Retroactive; going back to apply to the past.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning -like or -related.

暗黙

anmoku — Implicit; tacit; understood without being stated.

うち

uchi — Within; among; inside a group or period.

信じ

shinji — Believed; trusted; had faith in something.

い

i — Shortened form of いる indicating ongoing state.

検証

kenshō — Verification; checking accuracy through examination.

でき

deki — Can; able to; possible (stem of できる).

歴史

rekishi — History; the recorded past of human civilization.

記録

kiroku — Record; written documentation of past events.

全く

mattaku — Completely; entirely; absolutely; not at all (negative).

存在

sonzai — Existence; the state of existing or being present.

場合

baai — Case, situation, or circumstance under consideration.

実際

jissai — Actually; in reality; in practice.

か

ka — Question particle; or; expressing uncertainty.

どうか

dō ka — Whether or not; please (making a request).

直接

chokusetsu — Directly; without intermediary; in a straightforward manner.

確認

kakunin — Confirmation; verifying that something is correct.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; of any kind whatsoever.

手段

shudan — Means, method, or way of achieving something.

考える

kangaeru — To think, consider, or contemplate something.

不可能

fukanō — Impossible; not able to be done or achieved.