On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 14

Vocabulary

現代

gendai — Modern era; the present age or times.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding a specific place or context.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

この

kono — This; referring to something near the speaker.

意見

iken — Opinion; a personal view or judgment on something.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

正気

shōki — Sanity; being in a sound or rational mental state.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

支持者

shijisha — Supporter; a person who backs or endorses something.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

見つける

mitsukeru — To find; to discover or locate something.

こと

koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; most likely; used to express conjecture.

不可能

fukanō — Impossible; not able to be done or achieved.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or state.

あろう

arō — Probably is; volitional form expressing supposition.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential statements.

や

ya — And; listing particle for non-exhaustive enumeration.

信奉者

Devotee; a fervent believer or follower of something.

など

nado — Etc.; and so on; used for non-exhaustive listing.

類い

tagui — Kind; sort; a group of similar types or people.

輩出

haishutsu — Producing; bringing forth many talented or notable people.

する

suru — To do; general verb indicating action or performance.

人々

hitobito — People; multiple persons or individuals in general.

中

naka — Among; inside; within a group or space.

から

kara — From; indicating origin, cause, or starting point.

もちろん

mochiron — Of course; naturally; goes without saying.

化石

kaseki — Fossil; preserved remains of ancient organisms in rock.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.

自然

shizen — Nature; the natural world; also means natural or spontaneous.

戯れ

tawamure — Play; jest; a playful or capricious act or whim.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; used for inanimate things or abstract existence.

という

to iu — Called; known as; used to define or label something.

由緒

yuisho — History; lineage; time-honored origin or distinguished pedigree.

教義

kyōgi — Doctrine; a set of principles or beliefs taught formally.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting clauses or items.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; a practitioner or agent.

なら

nara — If; conditional particle implying a contextual supposition.

誰

dare — Who; anyone; referring to an unspecified person.

に

ni — To; at; in; directional or target marker particle.

でも

demo — Even; anyone; used for inclusive or concessive meaning.

開か

hiraka — Open (stem form); be accessible or available to someone.

れて

rete — Passive auxiliary indicating something is done to the subject.

いる

iru — To be; exists as ongoing state; auxiliary for progressive actions.

たわいも

tawai mo — Trivial; worthless; used in phrase meaning utterly insignificant.

ない

nai — Not; negative form negating verbs or adjectives.

悪名

akumyō — Infamy; a bad or notorious reputation among others.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle indicating movement or direction.

安易

an'i — Easy; simplistic; taking the path of least resistance.

道

michi — Road; path; way toward a destination or goal.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive addition particle.

見出して

miidashite — Having found; discovering or identifying something new.

いない

inai — Is not; negative progressive indicating absence of action.

事実

jijitsu — Fact; an actual truth or verified piece of information.

かなり

kanari — Quite; considerably; to a fairly great degree.

意外

igai — Unexpected; surprising; contrary to what was anticipated.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned or understood.

立場

tachiba — Standpoint; position; one's viewpoint or situational stance.

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason is; introducing a causal explanation.

反対

hantai — Opposition; against; the contrary side or disagreement.

証明

shōmei — Proof; demonstration; establishing truth through evidence.

まったく

mattaku — Completely; utterly; absolutely; used for strong emphasis.

だ

da — Is; plain form copula asserting identity or state.

人

hito — Person; human being; an individual.

が

ga — Subject marker particle indicating the grammatical subject.

カキ

kaki — Oyster; a bivalve shellfish found in the sea.

殻

kara — Shell; the hard outer casing of a creature.

海

umi — Sea; ocean; a large body of salt water.

取り出した

toridashita — Took out; extracted something from a place or container.

ばかり

bakari — Just; only; immediately after doing something.

細部

saibu — Detail; minute particulars of something examined closely.

至る

itaru — To reach; to extend to; arriving at every detail.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a certain point.

一致

itchi — Agreement; correspondence; matching exactly in all respects.

して

shite — Doing; te-form of suru connecting sequential actions.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Regardless; in spite of; notwithstanding certain conditions.

生き

iki — Living (stem); being alive, as in a living organism.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action or state.

宿った

yadotta — Dwelled in; inhabited; a spirit or life lodged within.

なく

naku — Without; not having; negative connective form of nai.

単なる

tan naru — Mere; nothing but; simply a particular thing and no more.

鉱物

kōbutsu — Mineral; an inorganic naturally occurring solid substance.

過ぎ

sugi — Merely; just; nothing more than a certain thing.

主張

shuchō — Claim; assertion; insisting on a particular viewpoint.

選ぶ

erabu — To choose; to select from among available options.

ば

ba — If; conditional particle expressing a hypothetical situation.

誤り

ayamari — Error; mistake; something incorrect or wrongly done.

方法

hōhō — Method; way; a means of doing something effectively.

できる

dekiru — Can; to be able to; capable of doing something.

ただ

tada — Only; merely; simply; nothing more than what follows.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; the very same thing or kind.

論法

ronpō — Reasoning; logic; a method or style of argumentation.

よれ

yore — According to; based on; following a certain logic or standard.

魚屋

sakanaya — Fishmonger; a shop or person selling fish.

戸口

toguchi — Doorway; entrance; the threshold of a door or shop.

外

soto — Outside; exterior; the area beyond a boundary.

積まれ

tsummare — Piled up; stacked; placed in a heap or accumulation.

山

yama — Mountain; also a large pile or heap of things.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; adding another point or item.

可能性

kanōsei — Possibility; likelihood; the chance something may occur.

あり

ari — There is; exists; connective form of aru.

ごみ箱

gomibako — Trash can; a container for disposing of waste or rubbish.

羊

hitsuji — Sheep; a domesticated woolly farm animal.

骨

hone — Bone; the hard skeletal structure inside an animal body.

同様

dōyō — Similarly; in the same way; likewise comparable.

起源

kigen — Origin; source; the point from which something derives.

持つ

motsu — To have; to hold; to possess something physically or abstractly.

認め

mitome — Acknowledging; admitting; recognizing something as true.

ざる

zaru — Negative attributive form; cannot; must not do something.

得

e / u — To obtain; can; auxiliary indicating ability or compulsion.

彼

kare — He; him; a male third-person pronoun.

示す

shimesu — To show; to indicate; to demonstrate or point out.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limiting to a specific degree or amount.

間違って

machigatte — Wrongly; incorrectly; in an erroneous manner.

でき

deki — Can; stem form of dekiru indicating capability.

ず

zu — Without; not; classical negative connective auxiliary.

彼ら

karera — They; them; a group of people referred to previously.

馬鹿げて

bakagete — Being absurd; acting foolishly or ridiculously in manner.

しか

shika — Only; nothing but; used with negatives for exclusivity.

示せ

shimese — Show (imperative/conditional stem); demonstrate or prove something.

とき

toki — When; time; the moment or occasion something occurs.

そっと

sotto — Gently; quietly; softly; doing something with care or stealth.

おく

oku — To put; to leave as is; auxiliary indicating doing in advance.

最善

saizen — Best; the optimal course of action available.

策

saku — Strategy; plan; a course of action or clever measure.