On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 1

Vocabulary

မှ

hma — From; indicating source or origin

ထုတ်လုပ်သည်။

htoat loat thit — To produce or manufacture something

နည်းလမ်း

neare-laan — Method, way, or approach to doing something

အကြောင်း

a-kyaung — About; concerning; reason or cause

သိပ္ပံ

thit-pan — Science; systematic knowledge of the natural world

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with

ဓလေ့ထုံးစံ

dha-lae-htone-san — Custom, tradition, or cultural convention

စာတမ်း

sa-taan — Essay, paper, or written document

အမှတ်

a-hmat — Number; mark; memory; sign

ရေးသား

yay-thaa — To write; to compose a written work

သည်

thit — Verb particle indicating present or completed action

လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်

loat-saung-jat — Action, function, or operation performed

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yat — One instance; a single occurrence or item

အဖြစ်

a-phyit — As; in the capacity of; becoming

နောက်သို့

nauk-tho — Backward; toward the back or past

ပြန်မျှော်သော

pyan-hmyaw-thaw — Looking back; retrospective; recalling the past

ပတ္တနာ

pat-ta-na — Ruby; precious red gemstone

အမှတ်အသား

a-hmat-a-thaa — Sign, mark, or symbol indicating something

များ

myaa — Many; plural marker; more

အားလုံး

aa-lone — All; everyone; everything; the whole

ထက်

htat — Than; more than; above; exceeding

ပို၍

po-yway — More; even more; increasingly

သေချာ

thay-ja — Certain; sure; definite; reliable

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that which is

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — One thing; a single item or unit

ဒဿနိက

dat-tha-ni-ka — Philosophical; relating to philosophy

ပညာရှင်

pyin-nya-shin — Scholar, expert, or learned person

တစ်ဦး

tit-oo — One person; a single individual

၏

ei — Possessive particle; of; belonging to

အမြင်

a-myint — View, opinion, or perspective on something

ကို

go — Object marker; toward; accusative particle

ဆွေးနွေး

thway-nway — To discuss; to deliberate; to converse about

ရာ

ya — Clause linker; when; in the course of

တွင်

twint — In; at; within; inside a place or context

ထိုသူ

hto-thu — That person; he or she (referring back)

ဘဝ

bha-wa — Life; existence; one's state of being

ပုံဖော်

pon-phaw — To depict, portray, or describe something visually

ပေးသော

pay-thaw — That which gives; giving; providing

အကြောင်းအချက်

a-kyaung-a-jat — Point, fact, or reason about something

အကျဉ်းချုပ်

a-kjin-joak — Summary; brief outline; condensed overview

ရှေ့ဆောင်

shay-saung — To lead; to guide forward; pioneering

ဖော်ပြ

phaw-pya — To indicate, show, or express something clearly

ခြင်း

jing — Nominalizer; turns verb into noun form

ပုံမှန်

pon-hman — Normal, regular, or ordinary; standard practice

ကျင့်သုံး

kjin-thone — To practice, apply, or put into use

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; and then; done; finished

ချီးမွမ်း

chi-mwan — To praise, commend, or compliment someone

ထိုက်သော

htoat-thaw — Worthy of; deserving; appropriate for

အလေ့အကျင့်

a-lae-a-kjin — Habit, practice, or regular custom

ဖြစ်သည်

phyit-thit — Is; exists; to be; to become

သို့သော်

tho-thaw — However; but; nevertheless; on the other hand

အကြီးကျယ်ဆုံး

a-ji-kjal-zone — The greatest; most grand; largest in scale

အလုပ်

a-loat — Work, job, or task to be done

အရေးကြီး

a-yay-ji — Important; significant; of great consequence

ဆုံး

zone — Most; superlative marker; end; finish

အခန်း

a-khan — Chapter; room; section of a book

တစ်ခန်း

tit-khan — One chapter; one room or section

ကိုးကား

go-kaa — To cite, reference, or quote a source

ထားသော်လည်း

htaa-thaw-lae — Even though mentioned or used; nevertheless

သူ့

thu — His; her; their (possessive pronoun)

သိရှိ

thi-shi — To know; to be aware of; to understand

သည်မှာ

thit-hma — As for; regarding; the fact that

နည်းပါး

neare-baa — Few; scarce; small in number or amount

ထို

hto — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned

အချက်

a-jat — Point; fact; key item of information

ပင်

pin — Even; indeed; emphatic particle

ရှိသည်

shi-thit — There is; to exist; to be present

ပို

po — More; increasingly; to a greater degree

မို

mo — Sky; also used as intensifier in some dialects

ကောင်းစွာ

kaung-zwa — Well; properly; in a good manner

အတည်ပြု

a-tit-pyu — To confirm, verify, or validate something official

နိုင်

nain — Can; able to; capable of doing

ကောင်း

kaung — Good; fine; well; positive quality

သူ

thu — He; she; that person; third person pronoun

မင်းကြီး

min-ji — Great king; high-ranking ruler or monarch

ခေတ်

khet — Era, period, or age in history

မြို့

myoe — City, town; urban settlement

၌

hnit — In; at; locative particle indicating place

နေထိုင်

nay-htoat — To live, reside, or dwell somewhere

ခဲ့သည်

khe-thit — Past tense marker; did; used to

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; saying that; known as

ဆိုကြ

so-kja — They say; it is said; people say

နာမည်

na-myi — Name; title; what someone is called

နောက်ပိုင်း

nauk-pine — Later; afterward; subsequent period of time

နှစ်

hnit — Year; two (the number); annual

ကျောက်ဂူ

kjaut-gu — Cave; rock cavern; underground stone chamber

ဆောင်းပါး

saung-baa — Article; written piece published in media

ကုဒ်ဖြည်

koad-phyi — To decode; to decipher coded information

သည်းခံ

thit-khan — To endure, tolerate, or be patient

မှု

hmu — Nominalizer for actions; case; matter; affair

ကြိုးပမ်း

kyo-pan — To strive, endeavor, or make an effort

ဖြင့်

phyint — With; by means of; using; instrumental particle

ထွက်ပေါ်

htwat-paw — To emerge, appear, or come out

လာသော

la-thaw — That which came; coming; arriving

မင်း

min — King; ruler; you (familiar address)

စာရင်း

sa-yin — List, record, or register of items

မပါဝင်

ma-pa-win — Not included; not part of; excluded

ပေ

pay — Emphatic or assertive particle; indeed; surely

ထိုမျှမက

hto-hmya-ma-ka — Not only that; furthermore; in addition

ကိုယ်တိုင်

ko-tine — Oneself; personally; by one's own hand

ရေးသားသော

yay-thaa-thaw — That which was written; authored by

ရေးသူ

yay-thu — Writer; author; person who wrote something

အာဏာ

a-na — Power, authority, or official control

တစ်ပါး

tit-baa — Another; one other; a different one

တည်ရှိ

tit-shi — To exist; to be present; to be located

အတွက်

a-twat — For; for the sake of; because of

အခြား

a-hja — Other; another; different; else

အာဏာပိုင်

a-na-pine — Authority; official with power; ruling body

ကျွန်တော်

kja-naw — I; me (formal masculine first person pronoun)

မဟုတ်

ma-hoat — Is not; not; negation of identity

ထင်ရှား

htin-shaa — Famous, prominent, or clearly evident

ဂုဏ်သတ္တိ

gon-thut-ti — Quality, virtue, or merit of character

ထဲ

hte — Inside; within; into; in the interior of

တင်းကျပ်

tin-kjat — Strict, tight, or rigorous; firmly enforced

သမိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ

tha-maing-saing-ya — Historical; relating to history or past events

တိကျ

ti-kja — Accurate, precise, or exact

ထည့်သွင်း

htat-thwing — To insert, include, or put something in

မည်

myi — Future tense marker; will; shall

မဆိုသာ

ma-so-tha — Cannot say; unspeakable; indescribable

ချေ

che — Emphatic softening particle; mild assertion marker

ကံကောင်း

kan-kaung — Lucky; fortunate; having good fate

ထောက်မ

htoat-ma — To support, back up, or assist someone

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix meaning in a manner; -ly

အခြားသော

a-hja-thaw — Other; another; different kind of thing

အများအပြား

a-myaa-a-pyaa — Many; a large number or great quantity

တူညီသော

tu-nyi-thaw — Same; identical; equal; of the same kind

အနေအထား

a-nay-a-htaa — Situation, condition, or state of affairs

ကိုယ်ထည်

ko-hti — Physical body; form; stature; bodily presence

ရှိ

shi — To have; to exist; there is

စဉ်

zin — During; while; throughout a period of time

မည်သို့

myi-tho — How; in what way; by what means

ဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်

phyit-khe-thit — Happened; occurred; came to be (past tense)

ဆိုသည်မှာ

so-thit-hma — What is meant is; that is to say

မည်မျှ

myi-hmya — How much; how many; to what extent

ဆိုစေ

so-zay — Whatever; regardless; no matter what

တကယ်

ta-kjal — Really; truly; genuinely; in reality

ခဲ့သလား

khe-tha-laa — Did it happen? questioning past occurrence

ဆိုသည်

so-thit — Says; is called; is said to be

သိပ်

thit — Very; extremely; too much; overly

အရေး

a-yay — Importance; matter; concern; issue

မကြီးသော

ma-ji-thaw — Not great; not large; unimportant; minor

ကိစ္စ

kait-sa — Matter, affair, issue, or concern