On the Method of Zadig: Essay #1 from "Science and Hebrew Tradition" — Page 7

Vocabulary

Aqueles

ah-KEH-lesh — Those (people); refers to a distant group

que

keh — That, which, or who; relative/conjunction particle

estiverem

esh-tee-VEH-rehn — Future subjunctive of 'estar'; if/when they are

interessados

in-teh-reh-SAH-doosh — Interested; people who have interest in something

em

ehn — In, at, or on; common Portuguese preposition

aprender

ah-prehn-DEHR — To learn; to acquire knowledge or skills

mais

mysh — More; indicates a greater amount or degree

sobre

SOH-breh — About, on, or over; preposition of topic

a

ah — The (feminine singular definite article)

história

ish-TOH-ryah — History or story; narrative of past events

fatídica

fah-TEE-dee-kah — Fateful; marked by fate or decisive consequences

de

deh — Of, from; very common Portuguese preposition

devem

DEH-vehn — They must or should; expresses obligation or duty

recorrer

reh-koh-REHR — To resort to; to turn to something for help

ao

ow — To the (masculine); contraction of 'a' and 'o'

original

oh-ree-zhee-NAHL — Original; the first or authentic version of something

estamos

esh-TAH-moosh — We are; first person plural of 'estar'

tratá-lo

trah-TAH-loo — To treat him/it; handle or deal with something

apenas

ah-PEH-nash — Only, just; limits scope or quantity

filósofo

fee-LOH-zoo-foo — Philosopher; one who studies fundamental questions

e

ee — And; basic coordinating conjunction in Portuguese

este

ESH-teh — This (masculine); demonstrative pronoun near speaker

breve

BREH-veh — Brief, short; lasting a short amount of time

excerto

ex-SEHR-too — Excerpt; a short passage taken from a text

é

eh — Is; third person singular of 'ser'

suficiente

soo-fee-SYEHN-teh — Sufficient, enough; meeting the required amount

para

PAH-rah — For, to, in order to; purpose preposition

exemplificação

eh-zehm-plee-fee-kah-SOWH — Exemplification; act of illustrating with examples

da

dah — Of the (feminine); contraction of 'de' and 'a'

natureza

nah-too-REH-zah — Nature; inherent character or the natural world

das

dahsh — Of the (feminine plural); contraction of 'de' and 'as'

suas

SOO-ahsh — His, her, its, their (feminine plural possessive)

conclusões

kohn-kloo-ZOYHNSH — Conclusions; final judgments reached after reasoning

dos

doosh — Of the (masculine plural); contraction of 'de' and 'os'

métodos

MEH-too-doosh — Methods; systematic procedures used to achieve goals

pelos

PEH-loosh — By the; contraction of 'por' and 'os'

quais

kwahsh — Which; relative pronoun used after prepositions

chegou

sheh-GOH — Arrived at, reached; past tense of 'chegar'

elas

EH-lahsh — Them (feminine); third person feminine pronoun

Pode

POH-deh — Can, is able to; third person of 'poder'

dizer-se

dee-ZEHR-seh — To be said; reflexive form of 'dizer'

estas

ESH-tahsh — These (feminine plural); near-speaker demonstrative

são

sowh — Are; third person plural of 'ser'

profecias

proh-feh-SEE-ahsh — Prophecies; predictions of future events

retrospetivas

reh-troh-speh-TEE-vahsh — Retrospective; looking back at past events

embora

ehm-BOH-rah — Although, even though; concessive conjunction

seja

SEH-zhah — May be; present subjunctive of 'ser'

talvez

tahl-VEHSH — Perhaps, maybe; expresses uncertainty or possibility

um

oom — A, one (masculine indefinite article)

pouco

POH-koo — A little, a bit; small amount or degree

arriscado

ah-rrish-KAH-doo — Risky, daring; involving potential danger or loss

empregar

ehm-preh-GAHR — To use, employ; to apply a word or person

uma

OO-mah — A, one (feminine indefinite article)

fraseologia

frah-zyoh-loh-ZHEE-ah — Phraseology; the particular way phrases are used

sugere

soo-ZHEH-reh — Suggests; implies or proposes an idea

perigosamente

peh-ree-goh-zah-MEHN-teh — Dangerously; in a way that involves risk

contradição

kohn-trah-dee-SOWH — Contradiction; logical conflict between two statements

nos

noosh — In the (masculine plural); also 'us'

termos

TEHR-moosh — Terms; words or expressions used in a field

sendo

SEHN-doo — Being; present participle of 'ser'

palavra

pah-LAH-vrah — Word; a unit of language with meaning

profecia

proh-feh-SEE-ah — Prophecy; a prediction or divine foretelling

tão

towh — So, such; intensifier of adjectives or adverbs

constantemente

kohnsh-tahn-teh-MEHN-teh — Constantly; in a continuous or persistent manner

no

noo — In the (masculine singular); contraction of 'em' and 'o'

uso

OO-zoo — Use, usage; the act of using something

comum

koh-MOON — Common; ordinary, shared by many people

restrita

rresh-TREE-tah — Restricted, limited; confined to a narrow scope

predição

preh-dee-SOWH — Prediction; a statement about a future event

Rigorosamente

ree-goh-roh-zah-MEHN-teh — Rigorously, strictly; in a precise careful manner

porém

poh-REHN — However, but; adversative conjunction indicating contrast

o

oo — The (masculine singular definite article)

termo

TEHR-moo — Term; a word with a specific technical meaning

aplica-se

ah-PLEE-kah-seh — Applies; reflexive form meaning it is applicable

tanto

TAHN-too — As much, so much; indicates equal degree

falar

fah-LAHR — To speak, to talk; basic communication verb

abertamente

ah-behr-tah-MEHN-teh — Openly, frankly; without concealment or reserve

predizer

preh-dee-ZEHR — To foretell, predict; to say what will happen

mesmo

MEHZ-moo — Same, even, very; emphasizes identity or degree

sentido

sehn-TEE-doo — Sense, meaning, direction; how something is interpreted

restrito

rresh-TREE-too — Restricted; narrow in scope or application

adivinhação

ah-dee-vee-nyah-SOWH — Divination, guessing; act of predicting hidden things

óbvio

OHB-vyoo — Obvious; easily perceived or understood by anyone

essência

eh-SEHN-syah — Essence; the fundamental nature of something

operação

oh-peh-rah-SOWH — Operation; a process or action performed systematically

profética

proh-FEH-tee-kah — Prophetic; relating to or characteristic of prophecy

não

nowh — No, not; basic negation in Portuguese

reside

reh-ZEE-deh — Resides, lies in; to be located or found

na

nah — In the (feminine); contraction of 'em' and 'a'

sua

SOO-ah — His, her, its, your (feminine singular possessive)

relação

reh-lah-SOWH — Relation, relationship; connection between things

retrospetiva

reh-troh-speh-TEE-vah — Retrospective; concerned with past events or times

ou

oh — Or; disjunctive coordinating conjunction

prospetiva

prosh-peh-TEE-vah — Prospective; looking forward toward future events

com

kohn — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

curso

KOOR-soo — Course, flow; the path along which something moves

tempo

TEHM-poo — Time, weather; the passage of moments or weather

mas

mahsh — But; adversative conjunction contrasting two ideas

facto

FAH-too — Fact; something known to be true or real

ser

sehr — To be; fundamental Portuguese verb of identity

apreensão

ah-preehn-SOWH — Apprehension, grasp; the act of understanding something

daquilo

dah-KEE-loo — Of that; contraction of 'de' and 'aquilo'

se

seh — Itself, oneself; reflexive pronoun or conditional 'if'

encontra

ehn-KOHN-trah — Finds, encounters; is located or situated

fora

FOH-rah — Outside, beyond; outside the limits of something

esfera

esh-FEH-rah — Sphere, realm; a domain or range of knowledge

conhecimento

koh-nyeh-see-MEHN-too — Knowledge; information and understanding acquired through experience

imediato

ee-meh-DYAH-too — Immediate, direct; happening without delay or distance

ver

vehr — To see; to perceive visually or understand

aquilo

ah-KEE-loo — That (thing); neuter demonstrative pronoun for things

natural

nah-too-RAHL — Natural; existing in or caused by nature

vidente

vee-DEHN-teh — Seer, clairvoyant; one who claims to see hidden things

invisível

in-vee-ZEE-vehl — Invisible; not able to be seen by the eye

O

oo — The (masculine singular); definite article

preditor

preh-dee-TOHR — Predictor; one who predicts or foretells events

afirma

ah-FEER-mah — Affirms, states; asserts something as being true

algum

ahl-GOOM — Some, any (masculine); an unspecified one

momento

moh-MEHN-too — Moment; a brief point or period in time

futuro

foo-TOO-roo — Future; time that is yet to come

observador

ohb-sehr-vah-DOHR — Observer; one who watches and notices things carefully

devidamente

deh-vee-dah-MEHN-teh — Properly, duly; in an appropriate or correct manner

posicionado

poh-see-syoh-NAH-doo — Positioned, placed; located in a particular spot

testemunhará

tesh-teh-moo-nyah-RAH — Will witness; future tense of 'testemunhar'

certos

SEHR-toosh — Certain, specific; particular or sure things

eventos

eh-VEHN-toosh — Events; things that happen at a particular time

clarividente

klah-ree-vee-DEHN-teh — Clairvoyant; one claiming to see distant hidden events

declara

deh-KLAH-rah — Declares, states; announces something formally or clearly

presente

preh-ZEHN-teh — Present; existing or occurring now, current time

certas

SEHR-tahsh — Certain (feminine plural); specific or definite things

coisas

KOY-zahsh — Things; objects, matters, or affairs in general

podem

POH-dehn — Can, are able to; third person plural of 'poder'

testemunhadas

tesh-teh-moo-NYAH-dahsh — Witnessed; seen or observed as evidence

mil

meel — Thousand; the number 1000

milhas

MEE-lyahsh — Miles; units of distance measurement

distância

dish-TAHN-syah — Distance; the space between two points or places

profeta

proh-FEH-tah — Prophet; one who predicts or speaks divine messages

retrospetivo

reh-troh-speh-TEE-voo — Retrospective; looking backward at past events

oxalá

oh-shah-LAH — Hopefully, if only; expresses a strong wish

existisse

eh-zeesh-TEE-seh — Existed; past subjunctive of 'existir'

há

ah — There is/are; ago; basic existential verb

tantas

TAHN-tahsh — So many (feminine); indicates a large quantity

horas

OH-rahsh — Hours; units of time equal to sixty minutes

anos

AH-noosh — Years; periods of twelve months

tais

tahsh — Such; of that kind or degree

podiam

poh-DYOWH — Could, were able to; imperfect of 'poder'

vistas

VEESH-tahsh — Seen (feminine plural); past participle of 'ver'