Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 3

Vocabulary

そう

sou — Yes; that is so; expressing agreement

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'are'

王

ou — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle adding emphasis or assertion

我が

waga — My; our; one's own (formal/literary)

君主

kunshu — Monarch; sovereign ruler of a state

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or indirect object

して

shite — Te-form of 'suru'; and; doing; as (conjunctive)

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun in Japanese

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of discussion

ご覧

goran — Honorific form of 'see' or 'look'

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese

とおり

toori — As; just as; in the manner of something

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all kinds of; every possible sort

年代

nendai — Age group; generation; era or period

者

mono/sha — Person; one who does something; individual

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese sentences

宮殿

kyuuden — Palace; grand royal or imperial residence

祭壇

saidan — Altar; sacred platform used for religious offerings

を

wo/o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

取り囲ん

torikakon — Surrounding; encircling (stem form of torikakomu)

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means

い

i — Stem of 'iru'; to be (for animate subjects)

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future tense

まだ

mada — Still; not yet; as of this moment

翼

tsubasa — Wing; wings of a bird or creature

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion

生え

hae — Growing; sprouting (stem of haeru, to grow)

そろわ

sorowa — Not yet complete; not fully gathered (negative stem)

ぬ

nu — Classical negative auxiliary meaning 'not'

幼子

osanago — Young child; infant; very small child

から

kara — From; since; starting point in range or time

年老い

toshioi — Aged; grown old; advanced in years

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

腰

koshi — Lower back; waist; hips of a person

曲がっ

magat- — Bent; curved (past/te-form of magaru)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb; also attributive modifier

白髭

shirohige — White beard; the white facial hair of elders

老人

roujin — Old man; elderly person; aged individual

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a limit

そして

soshite — And then; and; connecting two clauses or events

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

よう

you — Like; as if; manner; appearance or resemblance

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives

祭司

saishi — Priest; one who performs religious ceremonies

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things)

ここ

koko — Here; this place; current location

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings)

若者

wakamono — Young person; youth; young people generally

集っ

tsudot- — Gathered; assembled (te/past form of tsudou)

一方

ippou — On the other hand; one side; meanwhile

民衆

minshu — The masses; common people; populace of a nation

花輪

hanawa — Wreath; garland; ring of flowers or leaves

枝

eda — Branch; twig; bough of a tree

手

te — Hand; arm; hands used in action

持ち

mochi — Holding; carrying (stem of motsu, to hold)

二つ

futatsu — Two; a pair; two items or things

広場

hiroba — Plaza; public square; open gathering space

群がり

muragari — Crowding together; swarming; gathering in a mass

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; on the other hand

両

ryou — Both; two; the two sides or parties

神殿

shinden — Temple; shrine; sacred building for worship

前

mae — Before; in front of; previous in time

集い

tsudoi — Gathering; assembly; coming together

火

hi — Fire; flame; burning light or heat

よっ

yot- — By means of; through (shortened form of yotte)

神託

shintaku — Oracle; divine prophecy or pronouncement from gods

告げる

tsugeru — To tell; to announce; to inform someone

場所

basho — Place; location; a specific spot or area

集まっ

atsumat- — Gathered; assembled (past/te-form of atsumaru)

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason being; for the reason that

自身

jishin — Oneself; themselves; emphasizing the subject personally

我ら

warera — We; us; first-person plural (literary/formal)

国家

kokka — Nation; state; country as a political entity

という

toiu — Called; known as; expressing description or quotation

船

fune — Ship; boat; vessel for water travel

激しく

hageshiku — Violently; intensely; severely; fiercely

打ちのめさ

uchinomesa — Being beaten down; overwhelmed (passive stem form)

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

もはや

mohaya — No longer; already; at this point impossible

頭

atama — Head; the top part of a person's body

持ち上げる

mochiageru — To lift up; to raise; to hoist something

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases

できず

dekizu — Unable to do; cannot (negative te-form of dekiru)

血

chi — Blood; the red fluid in living bodies

荒波

aranami — Rough waves; stormy seas; turbulent waters

下

shita/ka — Below; under; beneath; lower in position

沈みかけ

shizumikake — On the verge of sinking; about to submerge

穂

ho — Ear of grain; spike of wheat or rice

実る

minoru — To bear fruit; to ripen; to yield harvest

収穫

shuukaku — Harvest; crop yield; gathering of produce

枯れ病

karebou — Blight; withering disease affecting crops or plants

冒さ

okasa — Afflicted by; invaded by (negative/passive stem)

草

kusa — Grass; herb; low-growing plants generally

食む

hamu — To graze; to eat grass (said of livestock)

羊

hitsuji — Sheep; domesticated woolly livestock animal

や

ya — And; listing particle between nouns (non-exhaustive)

牛

ushi — Cow; cattle; bovine animal

群れ

mure — Herd; flock; group of animals together

産み

umi — Giving birth; bearing offspring (stem of umu)

苦しみ

kurushimi — Suffering; pain; anguish; agony experienced

女

onna/me — Woman; female person; a lady

苦しん

kurushon/kurushun — Suffering; in pain (contracted te-form of kurushimu)

その

sono — That; the (referring to previously mentioned thing)

上

ue — Above; on top; furthermore; in addition

燃え盛る

moesagaru — To blaze fiercely; to burn intensely with flames

松明

taimatsu — Torch; burning brand used to provide light

し

shi — And; conjunctive form listing multiple conditions

疫病

ekibyou — Plague; epidemic disease; pestilence afflicting people

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit or supernatural being

街

machi — Town; city; street; urban area

襲いかかり

osoikakari — Attacking; assaulting; falling upon violently

家々

ieie — Houses; many households; homes throughout an area

空

sora/kuu — Sky; emptiness; void; the open heavens

国

kuni — Country; land; nation; realm or domain

領域

ryouiki — Domain; territory; realm; area of jurisdiction

嘆き

nageki — Lamentation; grief; sorrowful mourning or sighing

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; connecting nouns

涙

namida — Tears; drops from crying; weeping

満たさ

mitasa — Filled; satisfied (passive/causative stem of mitasu)

それゆえ

soreyue — Therefore; for that reason; consequently

おお

oo — Oh; an exclamation expressing admiration or appeal

炉辺

rohen — Fireside; beside the hearth; near the fire

座し

zashi — Seated; sitting (formal stem of zasuru/suwaru)

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

子供

kodomo — Child; children; young person or offspring

新た

arata — New; fresh; anew; renewed

みなし

minashi — Regard as; consider to be; deem (stem of minasu)

なく

naku — Without; lacking; not having (negative conjunctive)

人

hito/jin — Person; human being; people in general

中

naka — Inside; among; middle; within a group

第一

daiichi — First; number one; foremost; primary

日々

hibi — Day by day; everyday; daily life and events

人生

jinsei — Life; one's life journey; human existence

諸事

shoji — Various matters; all kinds of affairs or things

おい

oi — Hey; an exclamation to get someone's attention

あり

ari — There is; existing (classical/formal form of aru)

神々

kamigami — Gods; deities; multiple divine beings

訪れ

otozure — Visit; arrival; coming to a place

方

kata/hou — Person (honorific); direction; way; method

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning 'precisely' or 'it is'

町

machi — Town; neighborhood; district; urban community

やっ

yat- — Doing; managing (contracted te-form of yaru)

来

ki/rai — Coming; to come (stem or reading of kuru)

残酷

zankoku — Cruel; brutal; merciless; extremely harsh

謎かけ

nazokake — Riddle; posing a puzzle or enigma to someone

払っ

harat- — Paid off; swept away (past/te-form of harau)

貢ぎ

mitsugi — Tribute; offering; payment to a dominant power

解放

kaihou — Liberation; release; freeing from constraint or oppression

くださっ

kudasat- — Please give; do (honorific te-form of kudasaru)

ませ

mase — Polite imperative suffix used in requests

ん

n — Negative contraction; also nominalizing particle (no)

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of sentence

助言

jogen — Advice; counsel; a piece of guidance offered

受け

uke — Receiving; accepting (stem of ukeru, to receive)

わけ

wake — Reason; meaning; it means that; logical conclusion

他

hoka/ta — Other; another; besides; the rest

教わっ

osowat- — Was taught; learned from someone (past/te-form)

いいえ

iie — No; a negative response; denial

霊感

reikan — Inspiration; divine intuition; spiritual perception

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely; the whole of something

信じ

shinji — Believing; trusting (stem of shinjiru, to believe)

証言

shougen — Testimony; statement; witness account given officially

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb

命

inochi — Life; one's existence; vital force or spirit

救い

sukui — Salvation; rescue; saving someone from danger

蘇ら

yomigaera — Revived; brought back to life (stem of yomigaeru)

せ

se — Causative auxiliary; make or let someone do