Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 4

Vocabulary

そして

soshite — Conjunction meaning 'and then' or 'and also'.

今

ima — Now; the present moment.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle expressing assertion or address.

我ら

warera — We; us; first-person plural pronoun, formal or archaic.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

無比

muhi — Peerless; unparalleled; without equal or comparison.

なる

naru — Classical attributive copula meaning 'being' or 'called'.

王

ō — King; ruler; monarch of a kingdom.

汝

nanji — You; archaic or formal second-person singular pronoun.

信奉者

shinpōsha — Believer; devotee; follower of a doctrine or person.

たる

taru — Classical copula particle meaning 'being' or 'as'.

一同

ichidō — Everyone present; all members of a group together.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of discussion.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

懇願

kongan — Earnest entreaty; heartfelt pleading or supplication.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action; general-purpose verb.

見出し

midashi — To find out; a heading; discovering something important.

たまえ

tamae — Classical imperative suffix humbly requesting an action.

何らか

nanraka — Some kind of; some sort of; any form of something.

救い

sukui — Salvation; rescue; relief from suffering or danger.

を

o — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

天

ten — Heaven; the sky; divine realm above the earth.

より

yori — From; than; comparative or source-indicating particle.

声

koe — Voice; spoken sound produced by a person.

よる

yoru — To be based on; to depend on; resulting from something.

もの

mono — Thing; person; that which exists or is referred to.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

あれ

are — Classical imperative 'let it be'; may it exist thus.

ささやか

sasayaka — Modest; humble; small and unpretentious in nature.

れた

reta — Past passive verb ending indicating something was done.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; possibly one thing or another.

人

hito — Person; human being; people in general.

知恵

chie — Wisdom; knowledge applied with good judgment and insight.

よって

yotte — By means of; therefore; due to a cause or method.

知ら

shira — Stem of 'shiru'; to know; base form before inflection.

熟練

jukuren — Skill; proficiency; being well-practiced and experienced.

した

shita — Past tense of 'suru'; did; performed an action.

賢者

kenja — Wise man; sage; person of great wisdom and insight.

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle stressing the preceding word strongly.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also expresses contrast or desire.

思う

omou — To think; to feel; to consider or believe something.

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely; superlative degree of an adjective.

ふさわしく

fusawashiku — Suitably; fittingly; in a manner that is appropriate.

見出さ

midasa — Stem of 'midasu'; to discover; find something out.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.

あり

ari — Classical copula or existential verb meaning 'there is'.

将来

shōrai — The future; times yet to come; prospects ahead.

ため

tame — For the sake of; purpose; benefit or reason for action.

重大

jūdai — Serious; grave; of great importance or consequence.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

助言

jogen — Advice; counsel; a helpful suggestion or recommendation.

与える

ataeru — To give; to provide; to grant something to someone.

立ち上がら

tachiagara — Stem of 'tachiagaru'; to stand up; to rise up.

せ

se — Causative or imperative verb suffix; make someone act.

長

chō — Leader; chief; head of an organization or community.

国

kuni — Country; nation; land; one's homeland or territory.

栄光

eikō — Glory; honor; splendor associated with great achievement.

守り

mamori — Protection; defense; guarding something or someone carefully.

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; at some time in the past.

熱誠

nessei — Fervent sincerity; passionate devotion and earnestness.

よりて

yorite — Classical form of 'yotte'; by means of; through something.

救い主

sukuinushi — Savior; deliverer; one who rescues others from peril.

として

toshite — As; in the capacity of; in the role of something.

正しく

tadashiku — Correctly; rightly; in a proper or just manner.

称え

tatae — Stem of 'tataeru'; to praise; to extol someone's virtue.

られて

rarete — Passive te-form; being done to the subject by another.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; used for animate beings or ongoing states.

ああ

aa — Ah; oh; exclamation expressing emotion, sorrow, or realization.

治世

chisei — Reign; rule; period of a ruler's governance over territory.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.

よう

yō — Like; as if; in the manner of; resembling something.

記す

shirusu — To record; to write down; to note something for posterity.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

なから

nakara — Classical negative form; without; not having something.

ん

n — Negative or softening sentence-final particle; colloquial form.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

起こし

okoshi — Stem of 'okosu'; to wake up; to raise; to cause something.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending indicating completed action.

のち

nochi — After; later; afterwards; subsequent to a point in time.

ただ

tada — Only; merely; simply; nothing more than what is stated.

打ち倒し

uchitaoshi — Stem of 'uchitaosu'; to knock down; to overthrow forcefully.

と

to — Quotation particle; and; with; connecting nouns or clauses.

高み

takami — Height; elevated place; a high or lofty position.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward a destination.

引き上げ

hikiage — Stem of 'hikiageru'; to lift up; to raise; to elevate.

都

miyako — Capital city; metropolis; seat of political power.

岩

iwa — Rock; boulder; large mass of hard stone or crag.

上

ue — Above; on top of; upper position or surface of something.

築き

kizuki — Stem of 'kizuku'; to build; to construct; to establish firmly.

幸運

kōun — Good luck; fortune; favorable chance or lucky circumstance.

星

hoshi — Star; celestial body seen shining in the night sky.

昇り

nobori — Rising; ascending; going upward such as a star or sun.

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

幸

sachi — Happiness; blessing; good fortune brought to one's life.

もたらし

motarashi — Stem of 'motarasu'; to bring about; to cause; to yield.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.

衰え

otoroe — Stem of 'otoroeru'; to decline; to weaken; to wane.

ぬ

nu — Classical negative auxiliary verb meaning 'not' or 'never'.

し

shi — Classical verb ending or conjunctive particle; also 'did'.

もし

moshi — If; supposing; introducing a conditional hypothetical statement.

地

chi — Earth; land; ground; the terrestrial surface or territory.

治め

osame — Stem of 'osameru'; to govern; to rule; to administer.

欲する

hossuru — To desire; to want; to wish for something earnestly.

なら

nara — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'in that case'.

ば

ba — Conditional suffix meaning 'if' attached to verb forms.

君臨

kunrin — To reign; to rule supreme over a domain or people.

ごとく

gotoku — Classical form of 'gotoshi'; like; as; in the manner of.

確か

tashika — Certain; sure; reliable; definite or trustworthy.

良き

yoki — Classical form of 'yoi'; good; excellent; virtuous.

荒れ果て

arehate — Stem of 'arehate ru'; completely desolate; utterly ruined.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive or emphatic particle.

満ち

michi — Stem of 'michiru'; to be full; to overflow; to fill up.

治める

osameru — To govern; to rule; to manage and control a domain.

ある

aru — To be; to exist; used for inanimate things or states.

城壁

jōheki — Castle wall; rampart; fortified wall surrounding a city.

軍船

gunsen — Warship; military vessel; ship used in naval warfare.

何ら

nanra — Any; whatsoever; no kind of something at all.

役

yaku — Use; role; service; function serving a useful purpose.

立た

tata — Stem of 'tatsu'; to stand; to be of use or utility.

ない

nai — Not; negative adjective indicating absence or negation.

守る

mamoru — To protect; to defend; to guard and keep safe.

者

mono — Person; one who does something; individual with a role.

番人

bannin — Guard; watchman; person posted to keep watch or defend.

尽き果てる

tsukihateru — To be completely exhausted; to run entirely out of something.

哀れ

aware — Pity; pathos; sad and touching feeling of sympathy.

子ら

kora — Children; young ones; plural form of 'ko' (child).

知って

shitte — Te-form of 'shiru'; knowing; having come to know something.

知りすぎる

shirisugiru — To know too much; to have excessive knowledge of something.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; degree; about; approximately something.

汝ら

nanjira — You all; archaic second-person plural address form.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; the location where the speaker is.

連れ

tsure — Stem of 'tsureru'; to bring along; to accompany someone.

来た

kita — Past tense of 'kuru'; came; arrived at a location.

探求

tankyū — Quest; search; earnest pursuit of knowledge or answers.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; needed; essential for a purpose or situation.

皆

mina — Everyone; all; the entirety of a group of people.

病んで

yande — Te-form of 'yamu'; being sick; suffering from illness.

よく

yoku — Well; often; thoroughly; in a good or frequent manner.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunction introducing a contrasting statement.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun, standard form.

苦しみ

kurushimi — Suffering; pain; anguish felt deeply by a person.

いかに

ikani — How; however much; to what degree; classical interrogative.

大きかろ

ōkikaro — Classical volitional form of 'ōkii'; however great it may be.

う

u — Volitional or conjectural suffix meaning 'let's' or 'probably'.

とも

tomo — Even if; no matter what; concessive conjunction.

それら

sorera — Those; them; plural form of 'sore' referring to multiple things.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something without exception.

凌ぐ

shinogu — To surpass; to endure; to overcome or outdo something difficult.

悲しみ

kanashimi — Sorrow; grief; deep sadness felt over loss or misfortune.

それぞれ

sorezore — Each; respectively; every one individually considered.

個別

kobetsu — Individual; separate; each distinct case or person specifically.

触れる

fureru — To touch; to come into contact; to mention briefly.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative modifier referring to something nearby.

のみ

nomi — Only; merely; just; restrictive particle emphasizing exclusivity.

及ぶ

oyobu — To reach; to extend to; to amount to; to affect something.

一度

ichido — Once; one time; a single occurrence of an event.

悲しむ

kanashimu — To grieve; to feel sorrow; to be sad about something.

全体

zentai — Whole; entirety; the total of all combined together.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own action or volition.

ゆえ

yue — Because; therefore; for the reason of; consequently.

白昼夢

hakuchūmu — Daydream; fantasy imagined while awake in daylight hours.

から

kara — From; because; since; indicating origin or cause.

まどろむ

madoromu — To doze; to slumber lightly; to be in a drowsy state.

起こす

okosu — To wake someone up; to cause; to raise or arouse.

わけ

wake — Reason; meaning; therefore; logical conclusion or circumstance.

多く

ōku — Many; much; a large number or quantity of something.

涙

namida — Tears; drops of water shed from the eyes when crying.

流し

nagashi — Stem of 'nagasu'; to shed tears; to let flow; to pour.

きた

kita — Past of 'kuru' as auxiliary; have been doing continuously.

幾多

ikuta — Many; numerous; a great variety of things or instances.

疲れ

tsukare — Fatigue; tiredness; weariness from exertion or effort.

思索

shisaku — Deep thought; reflection; philosophical meditation and contemplation.

迷宮

meikyū — Labyrinth; maze; complex and confusing system or situation.

たどって

tadotte — Te-form of 'tadoru'; tracing; following a difficult path.