Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 10

Vocabulary

しかし

shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'.

異国

ikoku — Foreign country; land from another nation.

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle linking nouns.

地

chi — Ground, land, or place; earth.

から

kara — Particle meaning 'from' or 'because'.

異邦人

ihōjin — Foreigner; person from another land or people.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

殺害者

satsugaisha — Killer; person who has committed murder.

と

to — Particle meaning 'as', 'with', or 'and'.

し

shi — Verb stem of suru meaning 'do'; connective form.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

誰か

dareka — Someone; an unspecified person.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

知ら

shira — Stem of 'shiru'; to know, be aware of.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing state or action.

なら

nara — Conditional form meaning 'if' or 'in that case'.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' when true.

知る

shiru — To know; to be aware of something.

者

mono — Person; one who does or knows something.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject.

名乗り出

nanori de — To come forward and identify oneself.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle for assertion or command.

そう

sō — So; in that way; like that.

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of suru meaning 'if one does'.

私

watashi — First-person pronoun; I, me.

然るべき

sarubeki — Appropriate; suitable; as it ought to be.

報酬

hōshū — Reward; compensation; remuneration for service.

感謝

kansha — Gratitude; thankfulness; appreciation.

を

o — Direct object particle in Japanese sentences.

受ける

ukeru — To receive; to accept; to undergo something.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or context.

あろう

arō — Volitional form of aru; probably will be.

もし

moshi — If; supposing that; in the event that.

汝ら

nanji-ra — Archaic plural 'you'; thou and your company.

なお

nao — Still; furthermore; moreover; even now.

沈黙

chinmoku — Silence; stillness; refraining from speaking.

守り

mamori — To protect, guard, or uphold something.

自身

jishin — Oneself; one's own self; personally.

や

ya — Particle listing examples; 'and' among others.

友

tomo — Friend; companion; associate.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

恐れ

osore — Fear; dread; apprehension.

命

inochi — Life; one's living existence; lifespan.

背く

somuku — To disobey; to go against; to betray.

決意

ketsui — Determination; firm resolve; decision.

する

suru — To do; general verb for performing actions.

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact; nominalizer for verbs.

聞け

kike — Imperative of kiku; listen! hear me!

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever; any kind of; no matter what.

あれ

are — Let it be; imperative of aru; that over there.

その

sono — That; the (near the listener) demonstrative.

暗殺者

ansatsusha — Assassin; one who kills by secret plotting.

禁令

kinrei — Prohibition; official ban; forbidding decree.

下す

kudasu — To hand down; to issue a ruling or order.

主権

shuken — Sovereignty; supreme authority over a territory.

握る

nigiru — To grip; to hold; to seize power.

この

kono — This (near the speaker); demonstrative adjective.

おい

oi — Hey; informal interjection to get attention.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

彼

kare — He; him; that man.

かくまい

kakumai — To shelter; to hide someone; to harbor fugitives.

または

mata wa — Or; alternatively; otherwise.

語っ

katatte — Te-form of kataru; speaking; narrating; telling.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

祈り

inori — Prayer; supplication; wish directed to a deity.

供犠

kugi — Ritual sacrifice; offering made in religious ceremony.

清め

kiyome — Purification; ritual cleansing of impurity.

儀式

gishiki — Ceremony; ritual; formal religious or official rite.

関わり

kakawari — Involvement; connection; relation to something.

与え

atae — To give; to grant; to provide something to someone.

ず

zu — Classical negative suffix; without doing.

家

ie — House; home; household; family dwelling.

追い払え

oiharae — Drive away! expel; chase out forcefully.

これ

kore — This; this thing; proximal demonstrative pronoun.

我ら

warera — We; us; archaic first-person plural pronoun.

穢れ

kegare — Ritual impurity; pollution; spiritual defilement.

あり

ari — Classical form of aru; to be; to exist.

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit in Japanese belief.

最近

saikin — Recently; lately; in recent times.

神託

shintaku — Divine oracle; message or decree from a god.

よっ

yotte — By means of; due to; according to (te-form).

示し

shimeshi — Showing; indicating; making something known.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; there is (for inanimate).

かく

kaku — Thus; in this way; archaic adverb.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

擁護者

yōgosha — Defender; protector; one who advocates for another.

殺さ

korosa — Stem of korosu; to kill, slay someone.

王

ō — King; monarch; ruler of a kingdom.

両方

ryōhō — Both; both sides; the two parties.

ため

tame — For; for the sake of; in order to.

大義

taigi — Great cause; righteous principle; noble duty.

守る

mamoru — To protect; to defend; to uphold a rule.

罪

tsumi — Sin; crime; guilt; wrongdoing.

共犯者

kyōhansha — Accomplice; co-conspirator; partner in crime.

すべて

subete — All; everything; every single one.

呪い

noroi — Curse; hex; evil wish cast upon someone.

悪しき

ashiki — Archaic adjective meaning evil, wicked, bad.

極限

kyokugen — Extreme limit; utmost boundary; maximum degree.

悲惨

hisan — Misery; wretchedness; tragic and pitiful state.

中

naka — Inside; middle; among; within something.

やつれ果てる

yatsure hateru — To become utterly exhausted and wasted away.

よい

yoi — Good; fine; acceptable; favorable.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; reflexively; just recently.

限り

kagiri — As long as; limit; extent; boundary.

炉辺

rohen — Fireside; hearthside; beside the hearth.

入る

hairu — To enter; to go into; to come in.

許す

yurusu — To forgive; to permit; to allow something.

他者

tasha — Another person; others; someone other than oneself.

下し

kudashi — Issuing; handing down; rendering a judgment.

降りかかる

furikakaru — To fall upon; to befall; to descend on someone.

祈る

inoru — To pray; to wish; to entreat a deity.

国

kuni — Country; nation; land; homeland.

命令

meirei — Order; command; directive given with authority.

実行

jikkō — Execution; implementation; carrying something out.

せよ

seyo — Archaic imperative of suru; do it! execute!

天

ten — Heaven; the sky; divine realm above.

怒り

ikari — Anger; wrath; fury; intense displeasure.

荒廃

kōhai — Devastation; ruin; desolation of a place.

不毛

fumō — Barren; infertile; fruitless; unproductive land.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; to result in.

なき

naki — Archaic negative adjective; without; lacking.

よう

yō — In order to; so that; like; resembling.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; unambiguous; explicit.

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.

さておき

sate oki — Setting aside; leaving that aside for now.

偉大

idai — Great; magnificent; distinguished; of grand stature.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; figure; personage; character of note.

殺害

satsugai — Murder; killing; the act of slaying someone.

清める

kiyomeru — To purify; to cleanse; to remove impurity.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form.

放置

hōchi — Neglect; leaving something unattended; abandonment.

追跡

tsuiseki — Pursuit; tracking; chasing after someone.

それ

sore — That; that thing; medial demonstrative pronoun.

恥辱

chijoku — Disgrace; humiliation; shameful dishonor.