Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 13

Vocabulary

神

kami — God, deity, or divine spirit

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

神託

shintaku — Divine oracle or prophecy from a god

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar

求め

motome — To seek, request, or demand something

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

我々

wareware — We, us; first-person plural pronoun

に

ni — Directional or indirect object particle

返し

kaeshi — Returning, giving back a response

答え

kotae — Answer, reply, or response to a question

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

要旨

yōshi — Gist, summary, or main point of something

使者

shisha — Messenger or envoy sent on a mission

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate nouns

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

きっと

kitto — Surely, certainly, without a doubt

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun

伝え

tsutae — To convey, communicate, or pass on information

でしょう

deshō — Probably, likely; polite conjecture ending

殺害者

satsugaisha — Murderer, killer, or one who commits homicide

見つけ出し

mitsukeidashi — To find out, discover, or track someone down

彼ら

karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

殺す

korosu — To kill or put to death

か

ka — Question marker or 'or' conjunction particle

または

mata wa — Or, alternatively; conjunction between options

国

kuni — Country, nation, or land

から

kara — From; indicates starting point or cause

追放

tsuihō — Banishment, exile, or expulsion from a place

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb

という

to iu — Called, known as; quotation or naming expression

ただ

tada — Only, merely, just one thing

一つ

hitotsu — One thing; the number one for objects

方法

hōhō — Method, way, or means of doing something

のみ

nomi — Only, exclusively; restrictive particle

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby things

災厄

saiyaku — Disaster, calamity, or great misfortune

解放

kaihō — Liberation, release, or freedom from something

できる

dekiru — To be able to, can; expressing capability

と

to — Quotation particle or 'and' conjunction

ゆえ

yue — Therefore, because; formal causal conjunction

占い

uranai — Divination, fortune-telling, or prophetic reading

や

ya — And; particle listing multiple items loosely

他

hoka — Other, another, or different thing or person

予言

yogen — Prophecy, prediction, or foretelling of events

術

jutsu — Art, technique, or skill in a field

惜しま

oshima — To spare, begrudge, or withhold reluctantly

ず

zu — Negative auxiliary; without doing something

どうか

dōka — Please; earnest request or appeal to someone

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by one's own action personally

そして

soshite — And then, and so; connective conjunction

王

ō — King, monarch, or ruler of a domain

救い

sukui — Rescue, salvation, or deliverance from peril

流血

ryūketsu — Bloodshed, bleeding, or violent loss of blood

穢れ

kegare — Ritual impurity, defilement, or spiritual pollution

すべて

subete — All, everything, or entirely without exception

救っ

sukut- — Stem form of 'rescue'; saving or delivering someone

て

te — Te-form connective; links verbs sequentially

ください

kudasai — Please do; polite imperative request form

頼っ

tayot- — To rely on, depend on, or turn to

い

i — Continuative form of 'iru'; to be doing

ます

masu — Polite verb ending for present or future tense

これ

kore — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning 'precisely this'

人間

ningen — Human being, person, or humanity in general

最高

saikō — Highest, supreme, or greatest in degree

目的

mokuteki — Goal, purpose, or objective of an action

力

chikara — Power, strength, or ability of a person

他者

tasha — Others, other people; those besides oneself

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to

奉仕

hōshi — Service, dedication, or devotion to others

捧げる

sasageru — To offer, dedicate, or devote to something

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or nominalizer for verb phrases

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'am'

ああ

ā — Ah, alas; exclamation of sorrow or realization

なんと

nanto — How, what; exclamation of surprise or dismay

惨め

mijime — Miserable, wretched, or pitiful in condition

な

na — Adjectival ending linking na-adjective to noun

知恵

chie — Wisdom, knowledge, or intellectual insight

あっ

at- — Even having; te-form of 'aru' in concession

も

mo — Also, even; inclusive or concessive particle

何

nani — What; interrogative pronoun asking identity

益

eki — Benefit, profit, or usefulness of something

なら

nara — If, conditional; used for hypothetical situations

ぬ

nu — Classical negative auxiliary meaning 'not'

とき

toki — Time, moment, or occasion when something occurs

古い

furui — Old, ancient, or not new in age

知識

chishiki — Knowledge, information, or learning one possesses

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

忘れ

wasure — To forget or fail to remember something

さも

samo — As if, seemingly; conjecture or appearance

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative; if not, unless

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

ここ

koko — Here, this place; proximal location pronoun

来

ki — To come; stem of motion verb kuru

なかっ

nakata- — Past negative stem; did not exist or occur

もの

mono — Thing; nominalizer expressing reason or lament

どう

dō — How, in what way; interrogative adverb

し

shi — Did; conjunctive past form of suru

なぜ

naze — Why; interrogative adverb asking for reason

よう

yō — Appearing, seeming; resemblance or manner

憂鬱

yūutsu — Melancholy, depression, or gloomy state of mind

様子

yōsu — Appearance, state, or manner of a situation

家

ie — House, home, or household dwelling

帰ら

kaera — To return home; stem of 'kaeru'

せ

se — Causative suffix; to make or let someone act

引き止め

hikitome — To hold back, detain, or prevent from leaving

ない

nai — Negative ending; not doing or not existing

で

de — At, by, with; instrumental or locative particle

重荷

omoni — Heavy burden, load, or oppressive responsibility

負う

ou — To bear, carry, or shoulder a burden

最善

saizen — Best possible option or course of action

いう

iu — To say, call, or describe as something

恥

haji — Shame, disgrace, or sense of embarrassment

知れ

shire — Imperative of 'shiru'; know, be aware of

真

shin — True, genuine, or real; sincerity

愛国者

aikokusha — Patriot, one who loves and serves their country

かく

kaku — Thus, in this way; classical demonstrative adverb

言葉

kotoba — Word, language, or spoken expression

差し控え

sashihikae — To refrain, hold back, or abstain from saying

たり

tari — Listing actions; exemplification auxiliary form

はず

hazu — Should, supposed to; expectation or assumption

だ

da — Plain copula; casual form of 'desu'

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle for assertion or emphasis

的外れ

matohazure — Off the mark, irrelevant, or missing the point

過ち

ayamachi — Mistake, fault, or moral error one commits

犯し

okashi — To commit an offense or make an error

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; completion with regret

恐れる

osoreru — To fear, dread, or be afraid of something

話し

hanashi — Story, talk, or act of speaking to someone

知っ

shit- — Stem of 'shiru'; to know or be aware

いる

iru — To exist, be present; ongoing state verb

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective for known things

隠さ

kakusa — To hide, conceal, or keep something secret

お願い

onegai — Please, a request; polite plea to someone

皆

mina — Everyone, all people; inclusive group reference

縋る

sugaru — To cling to, depend on, or implore desperately

者

mono — Person, one who does something; nominalizer

方

kata — Person; polite way of referring to someone

分別

funbetsu — Discernment, good judgment, or common sense

しかし

shikashi — However, but; adversative conjunction

声

koe — Voice, sound produced by a person speaking

苦悩

kunō — Anguish, agony, or deep mental suffering

あるいは

arui wa — Or, perhaps; alternative possibility conjunction

明かす

akasu — To reveal, disclose, or bring to light

決して

kesshite — Never, absolutely not; strong negation adverb

では

de wa — Well then; transition or conditional conjunction

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction

話そう

hanasō — Let's talk; volitional form of speak

裏切り

uragiri — Betrayal, treachery, or act of turning against

国家

kokka — State, nation, or country as political entity

滅ぼす

horobosu — To destroy, ruin, or bring to ruin completely

つもり

tsumori — Intention, plan, or expectation to do something

自分

jibun — Oneself, myself; reflexive first-person pronoun

苦しめ

kurushime — To torment, afflict, or cause suffering to someone

たく

taku — Desiderative stem; wanting to do something

どうせ

dōse — Anyway, in any case; resigned expectation

知る

shiru — To know, learn, or become aware of something

でき

deki — Stem of 'dekiru'; able to, can do

無駄

muda — Useless, wasteful, or in vain effort

尋ねる

tazuneru — To ask, inquire, or question someone about something

怪物

kaibutsu — Monster, creature, or terrifying supernatural being

め

me — Derogatory suffix; you wretch or contemptible one