Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 12

Vocabulary

王

ō — King; ruler of a kingdom

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle expressing assertion or address

もし

moshi — If; used to introduce a conditional clause

誰か

dareka — Someone; some unspecified person

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

我ら

warera — We; us (archaic or formal plural first person)

主

nushi / omo / shu — Lord; master; owner of something

と

to — Particle meaning 'and' or quotation marker

真に

makoto ni — Truly; sincerely; in all honesty

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; inner feelings

を

o — Object-marking particle in Japanese grammar

通わせる

kayowaseru — To connect hearts; to communicate deeply with someone

者

mono — Person; one who does something

いる

iru — To exist; to be (for animate beings)

すれば

sureba — If (one) does; conditional form of 'suru'

それ

sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar

預言者

yogensha — Prophet; one who foretells future events

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object

ございます

gozaimasu — Formal polite form of 'to be/exist'

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

件

ken — Matter; case; affair under discussion

究明

kyūmei — Investigation; thorough inquiry into a matter

しよう

shiyō — Let's do; volitional form of 'suru'

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb

彼

kare — He; that man; third-person male pronoun

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning 'it is precisely'

誰

dare — Who; which person (interrogative pronoun)

より

yori — Than; more than; comparative particle

も

mo — Also; even; particle adding inclusivity or emphasis

うまく

umaku — Skillfully; well; in a capable manner

導く

michibiku — To guide; to lead someone in a direction

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns

できましょう

dekimashō — Will likely be able to; polite volitional of 'dekiru'

点

ten — Point; aspect; specific feature of something

において

ni oite — In; regarding; in the context of something

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese

熱意

netsui — Enthusiasm; zeal; passionate dedication to a cause

少し

sukoshi — A little; a small amount of something

怠っ

okotot(te) — Neglected; was lazy about (te-form of okotaru)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

おらぬ

oranu — Have not been; archaic negative of 'oru'

勧め

susume — Recommendation; advice; suggestion to do something

により

ni yori — By means of; due to; according to something

呼び

yobi — Calling; summoning (stem form of yobu)

二度

nido — Twice; two times; on two occasions

使い

tsukai — Messenger; errand; one sent on a mission

出し

dashi — Sent out; dispatched (stem of dasu)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb in Japanese

だ

da — Plain form copula meaning 'is/am/are'

なのに

na no ni — Even though; despite that; expressing disappointment

なぜ

naze — Why; for what reason (interrogative adverb)

まだ

mada — Still; not yet; continuing state or absence

ここ

koko — Here; this place; nearby location

来

ki(nai) — Come; arrival (stem of kuru)

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not present

か

ka — Question particle placed at sentence end

ずっと

zutto — All along; continuously; the whole time

不思議

fushigi — Strange; mysterious; wondering about something puzzling

思っ

omot(te) — Thought; was thinking (te-form of omou)

昔

mukashi — Long ago; the old days; ancient times

噂

uwasa — Rumor; gossip; story circulating among people

思い出し

omoidashi — Recalled; remembered (stem of omoidasu)

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future tense

ただ

tada — Just; merely; only; nothing more than

世間話

sekenbana shi — Small talk; casual conversation about everyday matters

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is/am/are'

話し

hanashi — Story; talk; speech; act of speaking

くれ

kure — Please give; imperative of kureru (informal request)

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something

知り

shiri — Knowing; to know (stem form of shiru)

たい

tai — Want to do; expresses desire for an action

旅人

tabibito — Traveler; wanderer; person on a journey

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

によって

ni yotte — By; by means of; through the agency of

殺さ

korosa — Killed; murdered (passive stem of korosu)

れ

re — Passive voice auxiliary attached to verb stems

言わ

iwa — Said; spoken (passive/negative stem of iu)

おり

ori — Is/are (humble or classical form of iru)

まし

mashi — Polite past auxiliary (part of mashita form)

そう

sō — So; like that; it seems that way

聞い

kiite / kiit(ta) — Heard; listened (te-form of kiku)

しかし

shikashi — However; but; expressing a contrasting statement

倒れる

taoreru — To fall down; to collapse; to be struck down

見

mi — Saw; seeing (stem form of miru)

目撃

mokugeki — Witnessing; eyewitness observation of an event

し

shi — Did; conjunctive or past form of suru

い

i — Exists; is (shortened form of iru)

さて

sate — Well now; now then; transitional discourse marker

恐怖

kyōfu — Terror; dread; intense feeling of fear

という

to iu — Called; known as; the thing called something

もの

mono — Thing; object; something abstract or concrete

知っ

shit(te) — Knows; knowing (te-form of shiru)

なら

nara — If it is; conditional assuming a given situation

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

呪い

noroi — Curse; hex; evil wish placed upon someone

恐ろし

osoroshi — Frightening; dreadful; terrifying (adjective stem)

さ

sa — Noun-forming suffix indicating a degree or quality

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to something

怯え

obiete / obiete — Trembling with fear; cowering in fright

逃げ去る

nige saru — To flee away; to run off and escape

でしょう

deshō — Probably; I suppose; polite presumptive form

行い

okonai — Deed; conduct; action one carries out

にも

ni mo — Even in; also with; particle combination for emphasis

臆さ

okosa — Flinching; being intimidated (negative stem of okosuru)

ぬ

nu — Classical negative auxiliary meaning 'not'

言葉

kotoba — Words; language; speech; verbal expression

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or cause

脅す

odokasu — To threaten; to intimidate someone with menace

でき

deki — Can do; be able (stem of dekiru)

糾弾

kyūdan — Denunciation; condemning someone's wrongdoing openly

見よ

miyo — Look! Behold! Imperative command to observe

ついに

tsui ni — Finally; at last; after a long time

あらゆる

arayuru — All; every possible kind without exception

人々

hitobito — People; various persons; many individuals

中

naka — Among; inside; in the middle of something

最も

mottomo — Most; to the greatest degree (superlative marker)

真実

shinjitsu — Truth; reality; what is genuinely the case

生まれながら

umarenagara — By nature; innately; from the moment of birth

宿す

yadosu — To harbor; to hold within; to contain inside

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit in Japanese belief

お告げ

otsuge — Divine oracle; sacred message from a god

受け

uke — Receiving; accepting (stem form of ukeru)

予言者

yogensha — Seer; prophet; one who predicts future events

連れ

tsure — Brought along; accompanying (stem of tsureru)

少年

shōnen — Boy; young male; youth

導か

michibika — Guided; led (passive/causative stem of michibiku)

登場

tōjō — Entrance; appearance on stage or scene

悟る

satoru — To realize; to attain enlightenment or understanding

賢者

kenja — Wise man; sage; person of great wisdom

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; learned understanding

隠さ

kakusa — Hidden; concealed (stem of kakusu)

秘密

himitsu — Secret; confidential information not publicly known

天上

tenjō — Heavens; celestial realm above the earth

高き

takaki — High; lofty (classical adjective form of takai)

事柄

kotogara — Matter; affair; subject of concern or discussion

地上

chijō — On earth; above ground; the earthly realm

低き

hikuki — Low; humble (classical adjective form of hikui)

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun (polite)

その

sono — That; referring to something near the listener

盲い

mōi — Blind; lacking sight; sightless (classical form)

目

me — Eye; the organ of sight

何

nani — What; which thing (interrogative pronoun)

見え

mie — Visible; can be seen (stem of mieru)

いえ

ie — No; well; interjection of mild denial or correction

疫病

ekibyō — Plague; epidemic disease afflicting a population

都市

toshi — City; urban area; large populated settlement

侵し

okashi — Violated; afflicted; invaded (stem of okasu)

ご存知

gozonji — Knowing; being aware (honorific form of shiru)

はず

hazu — Should be; expected to be; supposed to be

頼る

tayoru — To rely on; to depend upon someone or something

ああ

ā — Ah; oh; exclamation of feeling or realization

唯一

yuiitsu — The only one; sole; unique among all others

守り

mamori — Protection; defense; safeguarding something precious

盾

tate — Shield; protective barrier against attack

な

na — Sentence-final particle for emphasis or gentle assertion