Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 9

Vocabulary

Vì

Vì — Because; used to introduce a reason or cause

những

những — Plural marker for nouns; those, these (things)

gì

gì — What; used in questions or indefinite references

đêm

đêm — Night; the period of darkness after sunset

bỏ

bỏ — To abandon, leave behind, or discard something

dở

dở — Unfinished, halfway done; also mediocre quality

Bị

Bị — Passive voice marker; to suffer or undergo something

ánh

ánh — Ray or gleam of light; brightness or radiance

mặt

mặt — Face; surface; also used in compound expressions

trời

trời — Sky; heaven; also sun in compound 'mặt trời'

ngày

ngày — Day; daytime; a calendar day

mai

mai — Tomorrow; the day following today

đánh

đánh — To strike, hit, or beat something or someone

tan

tan — To dissolve, scatter, or disperse completely

Sẽ

Sẽ — Future tense marker; will or shall do something

tiêu

tiêu — To perish, spend, or be consumed/destroyed

vong

vong — To perish, die out; used in 'tiêu vong' (annihilated)

Cha

Cha — Father; paternal term of address or reference

bàn

bàn — Hand (in poetic use); also table or to discuss

tay

tay — Hand or arm; used literally and figuratively

ngài

ngài — Respectful pronoun for a revered person or deity

Nắm

Nắm — To grasp, hold firmly in one's hand

giữ

giữ — To hold, keep, or maintain something securely

ngọn

ngọn — Tip, top, or point of something like a flame

sấm

sấm — Thunder; loud rumbling sound during storms

sét

sét — Lightning bolt; electric discharge during storms

Xin

Xin — Please; to politely request or beg for something

hãy

hãy — Imperative particle; do something (command/request)

giết

giết — To kill or slay a person or creature

hắn

hắn — He/him (third person, often with negative connotation)

dưới

dưới — Below, under, or beneath something

tia

tia — Beam or ray of light or energy

chớp

chớp — Lightning flash; a sudden bright flash of light

uy

uy — Authority, power, or prestige of someone

mãnh

mãnh — Fierce, powerful, mighty; used in compound adjectives

chúng

chúng — We/us or they/them; plural pronoun group

con

con — Child; also humble first-person pronoun before elders

cầu

cầu — To pray, wish, or earnestly request something

xin

xin — To request politely; please (softening particle)

Giết

Giết — Kill! (imperative form); to cause death

đi

đi — Go; also imperative particle urging action

ôi

ôi — Oh! Exclamation expressing emotion or lamentation

Đối

Đối — Facing, opposite; also antiphonal in choral context

ca

ca — Song, chant; a musical or poetic stanza

Ôi

Ôi — Oh! Exclamation of longing, grief, or wonder

mong

mong — To hope, wish, or long for something earnestly

sao

sao — How; why; also star (in different contexts)

mũi

mũi — Nose; also tip or point (e.g., of an arrow)

tên

tên — Arrow; also name or a derogatory pronoun for men

của

của — Possessive particle; belonging to someone or something

hỡi

hỡi — O! Oh! Vocative exclamation calling upon someone

Vua

Vua — King; ruler or monarch of a kingdom

Từ

Từ — From; since; a preposition indicating origin or time

dây

dây — String, cord, rope, or bowstring

cung

cung — Bow (weapon); also palace or musical note

vàng

vàng — Gold; golden color or the precious metal

căng

căng — To stretch taut or pull tight; tense

thẳng

thẳng — Straight, direct, taut; without bending or curving

ấy

ấy — That (demonstrative); referring to something mentioned

Bay

Bay — To fly or soar through the air swiftly

ra

ra — Out, outward; directional particle away from speaker

khắp

khắp — Throughout, everywhere, all over a place

nơi

nơi — Place, location, or spot somewhere

như

như — Like, as; used for comparison or similarity

đấng

đấng — Honorific for a revered or divine being/person

bảo

bảo — To protect, guard; also to tell or say

vệ

vệ — To guard or protect; used in compound 'bảo vệ'

quyền

quyền — Right, authority, or power belonging to someone

lợi

lợi — Benefit, advantage, or interest; profit

ta

ta — I/we (first person, often regal or poetic use)

Phải

Phải — Must, should; right or correct; indeed so

vậy

vậy — So, thus, that way; used to affirm or conclude

và

và — And; conjunction joining words or clauses together

sáng

sáng — Bright, luminous; morning; to shine with light

lấp

lấp — To fill, cover, or glimmer (in 'lấp lánh')

lánh

lánh — Glittering, sparkling; used in compound 'lấp lánh'

Của

Của — Of, belonging to; possessive preposition or marker

mà

mà — But, yet; also emphatic or contrastive conjunction

với

với — With; together with; a preposition of accompaniment

đó

đó — There, that; a demonstrative or locative reference

nữ

nữ — Female; woman; used in compound nouns for feminine role

thần

thần — God, deity, spirit; divine or supernatural being

săn

săn — To hunt animals; pursuit of wild prey

bắn

bắn — To shoot (a weapon); to fire an arrow or gun

lướt

lướt — To glide or sweep swiftly over a surface

qua

qua — Across, through, past; to pass by or over

Khắp

Khắp — Throughout, all over; covering every part of area

vùng

vùng — Region, zone, or area of land

đồi

đồi — Hill; a raised landform smaller than a mountain

núi

núi — Mountain; a large natural elevation of earth

Ta

Ta — I, we (first person, regal or poetic usage)

cũng

cũng — Also, too, as well; inclusive addition particle

gọi

gọi — To call, summon, or name someone or something

mái

mái — Roof; also used poetically for hair (mái tóc)

tóc

tóc — Hair (on the human head)

buộc

buộc — To bind, tie, or fasten something securely

băng

băng — Band, ribbon; also ice or to cross over

Tên

Tên — Name of a place or person; label or title

đất

đất — Earth, land, soil; territory or ground

nước

nước — Water; also country or nation

mang

mang — To carry, bear, or bring something along

hô

hô — To shout, cry out, or call aloud

vang

vang — To resound, echo, ring out loudly

Hãy

Hãy — Imperative particle urging someone to do something

đến

đến — To come, arrive, or reach a place or person

đuốc

đuốc — Torch; a stick that burns to provide light

rực

rực — Blazing, glowing brilliantly; intensely bright

Vị

Vị — Honorific classifier for a respected person or deity

vui

vui — Happy, joyful, merry; feeling pleasure or delight

vẻ

vẻ — Appearance, manner, look; used in 'vui vẻ' (cheerful)

tôn

tôn — To honor, revere, or worship someone respectfully

thờ

thờ — To worship, venerate, or pay homage to a deity

Kẻ

Kẻ — Person (often with negative or neutral connotation)

ngay

ngay — Right away, immediately; even; straightaway

cả

cả — All, even, including; entirety of a group

các

các — Plural marker for respected persons or groups

linh

linh — Spirit, divine; supernatural and sacred essence

ghê

ghê — Terrible, horrifying, dreadful; causing fear or disgust

tởm

tởm — Disgusting, revolting, loathsome; causing nausea

bước

bước — Step, pace; to walk or step forward

vào

vào — Into, to enter; directional particle going inward

Các

Các — Plural marker addressing a respected group of people

ngươi

ngươi — You (second person, somewhat formal or archaic)

nguyện

nguyện — To pray, vow, or earnestly wish for something

điều

điều — Thing, matter, or point (abstract or conceptual)

tốt

tốt — Good, fine, beneficial; of positive quality

thôi

thôi — Just, only; particle ending a mild suggestion

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; adversative conjunction showing contrast

nếu

nếu — If; conditional conjunction introducing a hypothesis

nghe

nghe — To listen, hear; to heed advice or instruction

lời

lời — Word, speech, advice; spoken language or message

Và

Và — And; coordinating conjunction linking two elements

chú

chú — To pay attention; also uncle (younger than parent)

ý

ý — Idea, meaning, intention; mind or thought

rồi

rồi — Already, then; indicating completion or sequence

áp

áp — To apply, press, or impose something upon something

dụng

dụng — To use or apply; used in compound 'áp dụng'

phương

phương — Method, direction; used in 'phương thuốc' (remedy)

thuốc

thuốc — Medicine, remedy, or cure for illness

có

có — To have, exist; there is/are; affirmative marker

thể

thể — Can, possible; used in 'có thể' (may/can)

sẽ

sẽ — Will (future tense marker for upcoming action)

tìm

tìm — To search, look for, or seek something out

được

được — To obtain, achieve; can/able to do something

sự

sự — Nominalizing particle for abstract nouns or events

an

an — Peace, safety, calm; used in 'an ủi' (comfort)

ủi

ủi — To comfort, console; used in compound 'an ủi'

giải

giải — To release, solve, or free from something

thoát

thoát — To escape, be freed from danger or hardship

nhớ

nhớ — To remember, miss, or bear in mind

rằng

rằng — That (complementizer); introducing reported speech

nói

nói — To speak, say, or talk about something

tư

tư — Private, personal; also capacity or quality

cách

cách — Way, method, manner; also distance or capacity

là

là — To be; copula linking subject and predicate

người

người — Person, human being; people

một

một — One; the number one; an indefinite article in Vietnamese

kẻ

kẻ — A person (often unfamiliar or slightly derogatory)

xa

xa — Far, distant; far away in space or relationship

lạ

lạ — Strange, foreign, unfamiliar; unknown to someone

Với

Với — With, concerning; preposition linking related elements

câu

câu — Sentence, phrase; also to fish (different context)

chuyện

chuyện — Story, matter, affair; something to talk about

này

này — This; demonstrative pointing to something nearby

tội

tội — Crime, sin, fault; guilt or wrongdoing

ác

ác — Evil, wicked, cruel; morally bad or harmful

làm

To do, make, perform an action or task

mình

mình — Oneself; body; also intimate first/second person pronoun

truy

truy — To pursue, investigate, or track down someone

nó

nó — It, he, she (third person, informal or colloquial)

Mà

Mà — But, yet, whereas; contrastive or emphatic conjunction

không

không — No, not; negation particle in Vietnamese sentences

manh

manh — Clue, lead, thread; used in 'manh mối' (clue)

mối

mối — Clue, connection; also termite (different meaning)

thiếu

thiếu — To lack, be short of, insufficient amount

bởi

bởi — Because, due to; causal preposition or conjunction

quá

quá — Too, excessively, very; intensifying adverb

muộn

muộn — Late; delayed beyond expected or appropriate time

mới

mới — New; only then; just recently (temporal particle)

nhận

nhận — To receive, accept, or acknowledge something

công

công — Public, common; also merit, work, or labor

dân

dân — Citizen, people, civilian population

ban

ban — To grant, issue, or bestow officially something

bố

bố — To announce, proclaim; also father (informal)

tuyên

tuyên — To declare or announce officially; proclaim

cáo

cáo — To announce, report, or declare (in 'tuyên cáo')

tất

tất — All, entire, everything; must necessarily

mọi

mọi — Every, all; each and every member of a group

Hỡi

Hỡi — O! Vocative exclamation calling attention or addressing

ai

ai — Who; anyone; whoever; interrogative or indefinite

biết

biết — To know, be aware of, or have knowledge about

trai

trai — Son, male; young man or boy

đã

đã — Past tense marker; already completed an action

bị

bị — Passive marker; to suffer an unfavorable action

hại

hại — To harm, injure, or damage; harmful action

triệu

triệu — To summon or call upon; also million (number)

tập

tập — To gather, practice; used in 'triệu tập' (summon)

thú

thú — To confess, admit guilt; also animal or interest

thành

thành — To become; city, wall; honest in some compounds

thật

thật — True, honest, real; truthful in speech or action

co

co — To shrink, withdraw, retract; contract inward

rút

rút — To withdraw, pull back; to retract or retreat

lại

lại — Again; back; directional particle indicating return

để

để — To put, place; in order to (purpose marker)

suy

suy — To think, reflect; to decline or weaken

nghĩ

nghĩ — To think, reflect, or consider a matter carefully

Bằng

Bằng — By means of, with; equal to; flat or level