← Second Treatise of Government

Second Treatise of Government — Page 3

English → Spanish Book II Level 9/10

To this purpose, I think it may not be amiss, to set down what I take to be political power; that the power of a MAGISTRATE over a subject may be distinguished from that of a FATHER over his children, a MASTER over his servant, a HUSBAND over his wife, and a LORD over his slave.

Con este propósito, creo que no estaría de más establecer lo que considero que es el poder político; que el poder de un MAGISTRADO sobre un súbdito pueda distinguirse del de un PADRE sobre sus hijos, un AMO sobre su sirviente, un ESPOSO sobre su esposa, y un SEÑOR sobre su esclavo.

All which distinct powers happening sometimes together in the same man, if he be considered under these different relations, it may help us to distinguish these powers one from wealth, a father of a family, and a captain of a galley.

Todos estos poderes distintos que a veces concurren en el mismo hombre, si se le considera bajo estas diferentes relaciones, pueden ayudarnos a distinguir estos poderes entre sí: el de un rey, el de un padre de familia y el de un capitán de galera.

Sect. 3. POLITICAL POWER, then, I take to be a RIGHT of making laws with penalties of death, and consequently all less penalties, for the regulating and preserving of property, and of employing the force of the community, in the execution of such laws, and in the defence of the commonwealth from foreign injury; and all this only for the public good.

Sec. 3. El PODER POLÍTICO, entonces, lo considero como el DERECHO de promulgar leyes con penas de muerte, y en consecuencia todas las penas menores, para regular y preservar la propiedad, y de emplear la fuerza de la comunidad en la ejecución de dichas leyes, y en la defensa del Estado frente a daños externos; y todo esto únicamente para el bien público.

CHAPTER. II.

CAPÍTULO II.

OF THE STATE OF NATURE.

DEL ESTADO DE NATURALEZA.

Sect. 4. TO understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.

Sec. 4. PARA comprender correctamente el poder político y derivarlo de su origen, debemos considerar en qué estado se encuentran naturalmente todos los hombres, y ese es un estado de perfecta libertad para ordenar sus acciones y disponer de sus posesiones y personas según estimen conveniente, dentro de los límites de la ley natural, sin pedir permiso ni depender de la voluntad de ningún otro hombre.

Vocabulary

propósito
Purpose or intention behind an action or plan.
creo
First person singular of 'creer'; meaning 'I believe'.
estaría
Conditional form of 'estar'; meaning 'would be'.
establecer
To establish, set up, or found something formally.
considero
First person singular of 'considerar'; meaning 'I consider'.
poder
Power, authority, or ability to do something.
político
Relating to politics, government, or public affairs.
MAGISTRADO
A magistrate or public official holding judicial authority.
súbdito
A subject or citizen under a ruler's authority.
pueda
Subjunctive form of 'poder'; meaning 'can' or 'may'.
distinguirse
To distinguish oneself or be distinguished from others.
AMO
Master or owner who has authority over servants.
sirviente
A servant or domestic worker employed to serve others.
ESPOSO
Husband; male partner in a marriage relationship.
esposa
Wife; female partner in a marriage relationship.
SEÑOR
Lord or master; title of authority or respectful address.
esclavo
A slave; person owned and controlled by another.
poderes
Powers or authorities; plural of 'poder'.
distintos
Different or distinct; not the same as others.
veces
Times or occasions; plural of 'vez', meaning instances.
concurren
They concur or come together simultaneously in one place.
considera
Third person singular of 'considerar'; meaning 'considers'.
bajo
Under or beneath; preposition indicating subordinate position.
relaciones
Relations or relationships; connections between people or things.
ayudarnos
To help us; reflexive infinitive with first person object.
distinguir
To distinguish or differentiate between things or concepts.
rey
King; male monarch who rules a kingdom.
capitán
Captain; leader or commander of a ship or group.
galera
Galley; a type of oar-powered ship historically used.
PODER
Power or authority held by a person or institution.
POLÍTICO
Political; relating to governance and public administration.
DERECHO
Right or law; entitlement or legal system.
promulgar
To promulgate or officially enact and publish laws.
leyes
Laws; rules established by authority governing behavior.
penas
Penalties or punishments imposed for breaking laws.
muerte
Death; the end of life as a punishment.
consecuencia
Consequence or result following from an action or event.
menores
Lesser or minor; smaller in degree or importance.
regular
To regulate or control the functioning of something.
preservar
To preserve or protect something from damage or loss.
propiedad
Property; something owned by a person or entity.
emplear
To employ or use resources, people, or means.
fuerza
Force or strength; physical or coercive power applied.
comunidad
Community; a group of people living in a society.
ejecución
Execution or enforcement of laws or decisions made.
dichas
Said or aforementioned; referring to previously mentioned things.
defensa
Defense; protection against attack or external threats.
Estado
State; a political community or organized governmental entity.
frente
In front of or against; facing an external threat.
daños
Damages or harms caused by external forces or actions.
externos
External; coming from outside a group or community.
únicamente
Only or solely; exclusively for one purpose or reason.
público
Public; relating to the community or general population.
CAPÍTULO
Chapter; a major division in a book or document.
ESTADO
State or condition; also a political governmental entity.
NATURALEZA
Nature; the natural world or an inherent condition.
comprender
To understand or comprehend a concept or situation fully.
correctamente
Correctly or properly; in an accurate and appropriate manner.
derivarlo
To derive it; to trace or deduce its origin.
origen
Origin or source; the beginning or derivation of something.
debemos
We must or we should; first person plural of 'deber'.
considerar
To consider or reflect upon a matter carefully.
estado
State or condition; situation in which something exists.
encuentran
They find or are found; third person plural of 'encontrar'.
naturalmente
Naturally; in a way consistent with nature or expectation.
perfecta
Perfect; complete and without flaw or deficiency.
libertad
Freedom or liberty; the right to act independently.
ordenar
To order, arrange, or command actions to be done.
acciones
Actions; things done or carried out by a person.
disponer
To dispose of or arrange; to have authority over something.
posesiones
Possessions; things owned or controlled by a person.
según
According to or depending on circumstances or judgment.
estimen
Subjunctive of 'estimar'; meaning 'they may deem' appropriate.
conveniente
Convenient or appropriate; suitable for a particular purpose.
dentro
Within or inside; indicating inclusion within boundaries or limits.
límites
Limits or boundaries; restrictions defining acceptable behavior.
ley
Law; a rule or system of rules in society.
natural
Natural; existing in or caused by nature itself.
pedir
To ask for or request something from someone else.
permiso
Permission or authorization granted to do something.
depender
To depend on or rely upon another person or thing.
voluntad
Will or desire; the capacity to make free choices.
ningún
No or none; adjective indicating absence of any element.
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