Second Treatise of Government — Page 4
A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another; there being nothing more evident, than that creatures of the same species and rank, promiscuously born to all the same advantages of nature, and the use of the same faculties, should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another, and confer on him, by an evident and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.
Un estado también de igualdad, en el que todo el poder y la jurisdicción son recíprocos, sin que nadie tenga más que otro; no habiendo nada más evidente que el hecho de que las criaturas de la misma especie y rango, nacidas indistintamente con las mismas ventajas de la naturaleza y el uso de las mismas facultades, deban ser también iguales entre sí sin subordinación ni sujeción, a menos que el señor y amo de todas ellas, mediante alguna declaración manifiesta de su voluntad, coloque a una por encima de otra y le confiera, mediante un nombramiento evidente y claro, un derecho indudable al dominio y la soberanía.
Sect. 5. This equality of men by nature, the judicious Hooker looks upon as so evident in itself, and beyond all question, that he makes it the foundation of that obligation to mutual love amongst men, on which he builds the duties they owe one another, and from whence he derives the great maxims of justice and charity.
Secc. 5. Esta igualdad de los hombres por naturaleza, el juicioso Hooker la considera tan evidente en sí misma y fuera de toda duda, que la convierte en el fundamento de esa obligación al amor mutuo entre los hombres, sobre la cual construye los deberes que se deben unos a otros, y de donde deriva las grandes máximas de la justicia y la caridad.
Vocabulary
- estado
- State, condition, or status of something
- también
- Also, too, as well
- igualdad
- Equality, the state of being equal
- todo
- All, every, entire amount or quantity
- poder
- Power, authority, or ability to act
- jurisdicción
- Jurisdiction, legal authority over a territory
- recíprocos
- Reciprocal, mutual between two parties
- sin
- Preposition meaning 'without'
- nadie
- Nobody, no one, not anyone
- más
- More, greater in quantity or degree
- otro
- Other, another person or thing
- habiendo
- Gerund of 'haber', meaning 'there being'
- nada
- Nothing, not anything at all
- evidente
- Evident, obvious, clearly apparent
- hecho
- Fact, deed, or past participle of 'hacer'
- criaturas
- Creatures, living beings or created entities
- misma
- Same, identical (feminine form)
- especie
- Species, kind, or type of organism
- rango
- Rank, social standing or hierarchical position
- nacidas
- Born (feminine plural past participle)
- indistintamente
- Indistinctly, without distinction or difference
- mismas
- Same (feminine plural), identical ones
- ventajas
- Advantages, benefits, favorable circumstances
- naturaleza
- Nature, the natural world or innate character
- uso
- Use, usage, practical application of something
- facultades
- Faculties, abilities, or mental and physical capacities
- deban
- Subjunctive of 'deber', meaning 'should' or 'ought'
- iguales
- Equal, the same in value or status
- entre
- Between, among multiple persons or things
- sí
- Reflexive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'oneself'
- subordinación
- Subordination, being under authority of another
- ni
- Nor, neither, negative conjunction
- sujeción
- Subjection, control or submission to authority
- menos
- Less, fewer, unless (a menos que)
- señor
- Lord, master, or formal address for a man
- amo
- Master, owner, one who has dominion over another
- todas
- All, every one (feminine plural)
- mediante
- By means of, through, via a method
- alguna
- Some, any (feminine singular form)
- declaración
- Declaration, formal statement or announcement
- manifiesta
- Manifest, clear, openly evident declaration
- voluntad
- Will, volition, desire or intention to act
- coloque
- Subjunctive of 'colocar', to place or position
- encima
- Above, on top of something or someone
- otra
- Other, another (feminine singular)
- confiera
- Subjunctive of 'conferir', to confer or grant
- nombramiento
- Appointment, official designation to a position
- claro
- Clear, obvious, easy to understand
- derecho
- Right, law, or legal entitlement
- indudable
- Indubitable, unquestionable, beyond any doubt
- dominio
- Dominion, control, authority over a territory
- soberanía
- Sovereignty, supreme political power and authority
- hombres
- Men, adult male human beings
- juicioso
- Judicious, wise, showing good sound judgment
- considera
- Considers, regards, thinks about carefully
- tan
- So, as, such (adverb of degree)
- fuera
- Outside of, beyond, or past a boundary
- toda
- All, entire, whole (feminine singular)
- duda
- Doubt, uncertainty, lack of conviction
- convierte
- Converts, transforms, turns into something else
- fundamento
- Foundation, basis, underlying principle or ground
- obligación
- Obligation, duty, moral or legal requirement
- amor
- Love, deep affection for another person
- mutuo
- Mutual, shared equally between two parties
- sobre
- On, about, over, concerning a topic
- cual
- Which, that (relative pronoun after preposition)
- construye
- Builds, constructs, establishes something systematically
- deberes
- Duties, obligations, responsibilities one must fulfill
- deben
- They owe, they must, are obligated to
- unos
- Some, a few (masculine plural indefinite article)
- otros
- Others, other people or things
- donde
- Where, the place in which something occurs
- deriva
- Derives, originates from, flows from a source
- grandes
- Great, large, significant in size or importance
- máximas
- Maxims, general principles or rules of conduct
- justicia
- Justice, fairness, righteous treatment of others
- caridad
- Charity, benevolent goodwill and love toward others
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