Second Treatise of Government — Page 5
His words are,
Ses paroles sont,
The like natural inducement hath brought men to know that it is no less their duty, to love others than themselves; for seeing those things which are equal, must needs all have one measure; if I cannot but wish to receive good, even as much at every man's hands, as any man can wish unto his own soul, how should I look to have any part of my desire herein satisfied, unless myself be careful to satisfy the like desire, which is undoubtedly in other men, being of one and the same nature?
La même inclination naturelle a amené les hommes à savoir qu'il n'est pas moins de leur devoir d'aimer les autres qu'eux-mêmes ; car voyant que les choses qui sont égales doivent toutes avoir une même mesure ; si je ne puis que souhaiter recevoir le bien, autant de la main de chaque homme que tout homme peut le souhaiter pour sa propre âme, comment pourrais-je espérer voir satisfaite quelque partie de mon désir à cet égard, à moins que je ne me soucie moi-même de satisfaire le même désir, qui est indubitablement en d'autres hommes, étant d'une seule et même nature ?
To have any thing offered them repugnant to this desire, must needs in all respects grieve them as much as me; so that if I do harm, I must look to suffer, there being no reason that others should shew greater measure of love to me, than they have by me shewed unto them: my desire therefore to be loved of my equals in nature as much as possible may be, imposeth upon me a natural duty of bearing to them-ward fully the like affection; from which relation of equality between ourselves and them that are as ourselves, what several rules and canons natural reason hath drawn, for direction of life, no man is ignorant, Eccl. Pol. Lib. 1.
Qu'on leur offre quoi que ce soit de contraire à ce désir, cela doit nécessairement les affliger à tous égards autant que moi ; de sorte que si je fais du mal, je dois m'attendre à en souffrir, il n'y ayant aucune raison que les autres me témoignent une plus grande mesure d'amour que celle que je leur ai témoignée : mon désir d'être aimé de mes semblables en nature autant qu'il est possible m'impose donc un devoir naturel de leur porter en retour la même affection ; des règles et canons que la raison naturelle a tirés de cette relation d'égalité entre nous-mêmes et ceux qui sont comme nous, pour la direction de la vie, nul homme n'est ignorant, Eccl. Pol. Lib. 1.
Sect. 6.
Sect. 6.
Vocabulary
- Ses
- His, her, or its (plural possessive adjective)
- paroles
- Words, speech, or lyrics spoken aloud
- sont
- Are (third person plural of être)
- La
- The (feminine singular definite article)
- même
- Same, or even; emphasizes identity or similarity
- inclination
- Natural tendency or disposition toward something
- naturelle
- Natural, innate, or instinctive (feminine adjective)
- a
- Has (third person singular of avoir)
- amené
- Led, brought, or caused something to happen
- les
- The (plural definite article)
- hommes
- Men or humans in general
- à
- To, at, or in (common preposition)
- savoir
- To know or to understand something
- qu'
- That (conjunction, elided form of que)
- il
- He or it (third person singular pronoun)
- n'
- Not (elided negative particle)
- est
- Is (third person singular of être)
- pas
- Not (negative adverb used with ne)
- moins
- Less or fewer (comparative adverb)
- de
- Of, from, or about (common preposition)
- leur
- Their or to them (possessive or indirect pronoun)
- devoir
- Duty, obligation, or must (modal verb/noun)
- d'
- Of or from (elided preposition de)
- aimer
- To love or to like someone or something
- autres
- Others, other people, or other things
- eux-mêmes
- Themselves (emphatic reflexive pronoun, masculine)
- car
- Because or for (causal conjunction)
- voyant
- Seeing or noticing (present participle of voir)
- que
- That, which, or than (conjunction/pronoun)
- choses
- Things, objects, or matters
- qui
- Who, which, or that (relative pronoun)
- égales
- Equal, equivalent, or the same (feminine plural)
- doivent
- Must or should (third person plural of devoir)
- toutes
- All or every (feminine plural adjective/pronoun)
- avoir
- To have (infinitive of auxiliary verb)
- une
- A or an (feminine singular indefinite article)
- mesure
- Measure, standard, or moderation
- si
- If or so (conditional conjunction or adverb)
- je
- I (first person singular subject pronoun)
- ne
- Not (first part of negative construction)
- puis
- Can (first person singular of pouvoir)
- souhaiter
- To wish or to desire something
- recevoir
- To receive or to get something from someone
- le
- The (masculine singular definite article)
- bien
- Good, well, or goodness (noun or adverb)
- autant
- As much or as many (quantity adverb)
- la
- The (feminine singular definite article)
- main
- Hand (body part)
- chaque
- Each or every (singular adjective)
- homme
- Man or human being
- tout
- All, everything, or every (adjective/pronoun)
- peut
- Can or is able to (third person singular)
- pour
- For, in order to (preposition/conjunction)
- sa
- His or her (feminine singular possessive adjective)
- propre
- Own, clean, or proper (adjective)
- âme
- Soul or spirit of a person
- comment
- How (interrogative adverb)
- pourrais-je
- Could I (conditional inversion of pouvoir)
- espérer
- To hope or to expect something desired
- voir
- To see or to observe something
- satisfaite
- Satisfied or fulfilled (feminine past participle)
- quelque
- Some or a certain (indefinite adjective)
- partie
- Part, portion, or section of something
- mon
- My (masculine singular possessive adjective)
- désir
- Desire, wish, or longing for something
- cet
- This (masculine singular demonstrative before vowel)
- égard
- Regard, respect, or consideration for something
- me
- Me or myself (first person object pronoun)
- soucie
- Worries or cares (from se soucier)
- moi-même
- Myself (emphatic first person reflexive pronoun)
- satisfaire
- To satisfy or to fulfill a need
- indubitablement
- Undoubtedly or indisputably (formal adverb)
- en
- In, by, or while (preposition or gerund marker)
- étant
- Being (present participle of être)
- seule
- Alone, only, or sole (feminine adjective)
- et
- And (coordinating conjunction)
- nature
- Nature or inherent character of something
- Qu'
- What or that (elided interrogative/conjunction)
- on
- One, we, or they (indefinite subject pronoun)
- offre
- Offers or gives (third person singular of offrir)
- quoi
- What (interrogative or relative pronoun)
- ce
- This, that, or it (demonstrative pronoun/adjective)
- soit
- Be or whether (subjunctive of être)
- contraire
- Contrary, opposite, or against something
- cela
- That, this (demonstrative pronoun referring to something)
- doit
- Must or owes (third person singular of devoir)
- nécessairement
- Necessarily or inevitably (adverb)
- affliger
- To afflict, grieve, or distress someone
- tous
- All or everyone (masculine plural adjective/pronoun)
- égards
- Regards, respects, or considerations (plural noun)
- moi
- Me or I (emphatic first person pronoun)
- sorte
- Sort, kind, or manner; de sorte que means so that
- fais
- Do or make (first person singular of faire)
- du
- Of the (masculine singular contracted article)
- mal
- Evil, harm, or pain (noun or adjective)
- dois
- Must or owe (first person singular of devoir)
- m'
- Me or myself (elided first person object pronoun)
- attendre
- To wait or to expect something
- souffrir
- To suffer or endure pain or hardship
- y
- There or to it (adverbial pronoun)
- ayant
- Having (present participle of avoir)
- aucune
- No, none, or not any (feminine negative adjective)
- raison
- Reason, logic, or justification for something
- témoignent
- Testify, demonstrate, or show (third plural verb)
- plus
- More or no longer (comparative adverb)
- grande
- Great, large, or big (feminine adjective)
- amour
- Love or deep affection for someone
- celle
- The one, that one (feminine singular demonstrative pronoun)
- ai
- Have (first person singular of avoir)
- témoignée
- Shown or testified (feminine past participle of témoigner)
- être
- To be (infinitive of fundamental verb)
- aimé
- Loved or liked (past participle of aimer)
- mes
- My (plural possessive adjective)
- semblables
- Fellow human beings or those like oneself
- possible
- Possible or feasible (adjective/adverb)
- impose
- Imposes or requires (third person singular of imposer)
- donc
- Therefore, so, or thus (conjunctive adverb)
- un
- A or one (masculine singular indefinite article)
- naturel
- Natural, innate (masculine adjective or noun)
- porter
- To carry, bear, or bring something
- retour
- Return or reciprocation of something
- affection
- Affection or fondness toward someone
- des
- Some or of the (plural partitive article)
- règles
- Rules, regulations, or principles guiding behavior
- canons
- Canons, established rules, or authoritative standards
- tirés
- Drawn or derived from something (past participle)
- cette
- This (feminine singular demonstrative adjective)
- relation
- Relationship or connection between people or things
- égalité
- Equality or equivalence between people
- entre
- Between or among (preposition)
- nous-mêmes
- Ourselves (emphatic first person plural pronoun)
- ceux
- Those, the ones (masculine plural demonstrative pronoun)
- comme
- Like, as, or such as (comparison word)
- nous
- We or us (first person plural pronoun)
- direction
- Direction, guidance, or management of something
- vie
- Life or living (noun)
- nul
- No one, null, or none (negative adjective/pronoun)
- ignorant
- Ignorant or unaware of something (adjective/noun)
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