Second Treatise of Government — Page 4

Vocabulary

တန်းတူ

tan-du — Equal in rank or status

ညီမျှ

nyi-mya — Equal, balanced, or equivalent

သော

thaw — Grammatical particle indicating relative clause

အခြေအနေ

a-chay-a-nay — Situation, condition, or circumstance

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yat — One particular position or standing

လည်း

leh — Also, too, as well (conjunction)

ရှိ

shi — To exist, to have, to be present

သည်၊

thì — Subject marker particle (punctuated form)

ထို

htoe — That, those (demonstrative pronoun)

တွင်

twìn — In, at, within (locative particle)

အာဏာ

a-na — Power, authority, or jurisdiction

နှင့်

hnin — And, with (conjunction or comitative particle)

စီရင်

si-yin — To govern, judge, or administer

ပိုင်ခွင့်

pine-khwin — Right of ownership or entitlement

အားလုံး

a-lone — All, everyone, everything

သည်

thì — Subject marker grammatical particle

အပြန်အလှန်

a-pyan-a-hlan — Mutual, reciprocal, back and forth

ဖြစ်ပြီး၊

phyit-pyi — Having become, being (punctuated conjunctive form)

တစ်ဦး

tit-u — One person (counter for individuals)

အခြား

a-chá — Other, another, different

ထက်

htet — Than, more than (comparative particle)

ပိုမို

po-mo — More, even more (intensifier)

မရှိ၊

ma-shi — Does not exist, there is none

တူညီ

tu-nyi — Identical, alike, the same

မျိုးစိတ်

myo-seit — Species, kind, or type of being

အဆင့်အတန်း

a-hsin-a-tan — Rank, grade, or social level

သတ္တဝါ

thut-ta-wa — Living creature, sentient being

များ

mya — Many, plural marker particle

သဘာဝ

tha-ba-wa — Nature, natural state or characteristic

၏

ei — Possessive or genitive particle (formal)

အကျိုးကျေးဇူး

a-kyo-kyay-zu — Benefit, advantage, or good service

စွမ်းရည်

swun-yay — Ability, capability, or competence

ကို

ko — Object marker particle (accusative)

အသုံးပြု

a-thone-pyu — To use, to make use of

ခွင့်

khwin — Permission, right, or allowance

ဖြင့်

phyin — By means of, with, through (instrumental)

ကျပန်း

kja-pan — Random, by chance, haphazard

မွေးဖွား

mway-phwa — To be born, to give birth

လာ

la — To come; directional verb particle

ကြ

kja — Plural verb particle; to do together

ကြောင့်၊

kjoun — Because of, due to, therefore

သူတို့

thu-doh — They, them (third person plural)

သခင်

tha-khìn — Master, lord, owner

အရှင်

a-shìn — Lord, master, venerable one

မိမိ

mi-mi — Oneself, one's own (reflexive pronoun)

ဆန္ဒ

san-da — Desire, wish, or will

ထင်ရှား

htin-sha — Clear, evident, prominent, obvious

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix meaning 'in a manner'

ကြေငြာ

kje-nya — To declare, announce, or proclaim

၍

yway — Therefore, and so (connective particle)

အထက်

a-htet — Above, upper, superior

မချင်း၊

ma-chìn — Until, unless (negative conditional particle)

ရှင်းလင်း

shìn-lìn — Clear, explicit, or to clarify

ခန့်အပ်မှု

khàn-at-hmu — Appointment, assignment to a position

အုပ်ချုပ်

out-chout — To govern, rule, or administer

အချုပ်အခြာ

a-chout-a-cha — Sovereignty, supreme authority

သံသယ

than-tha-ya — Doubt, suspicion, uncertainty

မဲ့

meh — Without, lacking (negative suffix)

အခွင့်အရေး

a-khwin-a-yay — Rights, opportunity, or entitlement

သူ့

thu — His, her, their (possessive pronoun)

အား

a — To, for; object particle or energy

ပေးအပ်

pay-at — To grant, bestow, or hand over

လက်အောက်

let-out — Under authority of, subordinate to

ငယ်သား

ngeh-tha — Younger person, junior, young son

ဘဝ

bha-wa — Life, existence, or state of being

သို့မဟုတ်

thoh-ma-hout — Or, otherwise, alternatively

နိမ့်ကျ

nein-kja — Low, inferior, degraded in status

မှု

hmu — Nominalization suffix forming abstract nouns

မရှိ

ma-shi — There is not, does not exist

ဘဲ

beh — Without doing, not doing (negative particle)

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be, to become, to happen

သင့်

thìn — You; should, ought to (modal)

မှာ

hma — At, in, on (locative particle)

အချက်

a-chet — Point, item, or key matter

သည်။

thì — Subject marker with full stop punctuation

အပိုဒ်

a-pout — Paragraph, article, or section

အားဖြင့်

a-phyin — By means of, in terms of

လူသား

lu-tha — Human being, humanity, mankind

ဤ

i — This (formal demonstrative pronoun)

ဉာဏ်ပညာ

nyan-pyin-nya — Intelligence, wisdom, and knowledge

၎င်း

dain-gi — It, that same one (formal pronoun)

ကိုယ်တိုင်

ko-tine — Oneself, personally, by themselves

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that'

မည်သည့်

mji-dhin — Whichever, whatever, any (interrogative)

မေးခွန်း

may-khwun — Question, inquiry, query

မျှ

hmya — Only, merely, as much as (limiter)

မကျော်လွန်

ma-kjaw-lwun — Not exceeding, not going beyond

နိုင်

nine — Can, able to, capable of

ယူဆ

yu-hsa — To assume, consider, or regard as

ပြီး၊

pyi — Already completed; and then (conjunctive)

အကြား

a-kja — Between, among, in the middle of

ချစ်ခြင်း

chit-chìn — Love, affection, fondness

မေတ္တာ

met-ta — Loving-kindness, goodwill, benevolence

တာဝန်ဝတ္တရား

ta-wun-wut-ta-ya — Duty, responsibility, obligation

အတွက်

a-twet — For the sake of, for, regarding

အုတ်မြစ်

out-myit — Foundation, basis, cornerstone

အဖြစ်

a-phyit — As, in the capacity of, becoming

ချမှတ်

chja-hmat — To establish, lay down, or decree

လိုက်

lite — To follow, comply; directional particle

ပေါ်တွင်

paw-twìn — On top of, upon, on

သူ

thu — He, she, that person (pronoun)

ကြွေးမြီ

kwe-mi — Debt, obligation owed to another

ဆပ်ရ

hsat-ya — To repay, pay back a debt

တည်ဆောက်

tì-zout — To build, construct, or establish

ကာ၊

ka — Verbal particle indicating ongoing action

မှ

hma — From, since, out of (ablative particle)

တစ်ဆင့်

tit-hsin — Through, via, step by step

တရားမျှတ

ta-ya-hmya-ta — Just, fair, equitable

ကရုဏာ

ka-yu-na — Compassion, mercy, pity for others

တရား

ta-ya — Law, justice, doctrine, teaching

ကြီးမြတ်

kji-myat — Great, noble, sublime, exalted

မူဝါဒ

mu-wa-da — Policy, principle, or doctrine

ဆင်းသက်

hsin-thet — To descend from, to originate from

သတ်မှတ်

thet-hmat — To define, determine, or specify