Second Treatise of Government — Page 3

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This (formal or literary demonstrative pronoun)

ရည်ရွယ်ချက်

yay-yway-chet — Purpose, intention, or aim behind an action

အတွက်

a-twet — For, for the sake of, because of

နိုင်ငံရေး

naing-ngan-yay — Politics or political affairs

အာဏာ

a-na — Power, authority, or official power

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that'

ကျွန်ုပ်

kyun-naw — I, me (formal first-person pronoun)

ယူဆ

yu-sa — To assume, believe, or consider something

သည့်

thay — Relative clause particle modifying a preceding noun

အရာ

a-ya — Thing, matter, or object in general

ကို

ko — Object marker particle indicating direct object

ဖော်ပြ

phaw-pya — To describe, express, or indicate something

ရန်

yan — In order to; also means enemy or danger

မ

ma — Negation particle meaning not or no

သင့်တော်

thine-taw — Appropriate, suitable, or proper for a situation

သည်

thay — Verb-final particle indicating present or declarative tense

ဟုတ်

hote — Yes, correct, or that is right

ထင်မြင်

htin-myin — To think, opine, or have a view

ထို

hto — That, those (demonstrative pronoun, slightly formal)

သို့

thoe — To, toward, in the direction of

ဆိုသော်

so-thaw — If one says; introducing a conditional or quoted clause

တရားသူကြီး

tayar-thu-gyi — Judge, a person who presides over court

၏

ay — Possessive or genitive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

ကိုယ်နှိုက်

ko-hnite — Oneself, personally (emphatic reflexive pronoun)

အပေါ်

a-pay — On, upon, above, or regarding something

ဖခင်

pha-chin — Father, male parent

သားသမီး

tha-thami — Children, sons and daughters of a family

များ

mya — Plural marker; also means many or more

သခင်

tha-chin — Master, lord, or owner of someone

ကျွန်

kyun — Slave, servant, or one who is enslaved

ခင်ပွန်း

khin-bun — Husband, male spouse in a marriage

ဇနီး

za-ni — Wife, female spouse in a marriage

နှင့်

hnin — And, with, together with (conjunction/postposition)

တို့

toe — Plural pronoun suffix or group marker

ခွဲခြား

khwe-cha — To distinguish, separate, or discriminate between things

နိုင်

naing — Can, to be able to; also to win

သီးခြား

thi-cha — Separate, distinct, or independent from others

အားလုံး

a-lone — Everyone, everything, all without exception

တစ်ခါတစ်ရံ

ta-kha-ta-yan — Sometimes, occasionally, not always

တစ်ဦးတည်း

ta-u-tay — Alone, by oneself, only one person

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle connecting verb to noun

သူ

thu — He, she, or that person (third person)

၌

hnit — At, in, within (locative postposition, formal)

တစ်ပြိုင်နက်

ta-pyaing-net — Simultaneously, at the same time as something

ဖြစ်ပေါ်

phyit-paw — To occur, arise, or come into existence

တတ်

tat — To know how to; habitually does something

ပြီး

pyi — Already done; after completing; then (connector)

ကွဲပြား

khwe-pya — Different, varied, or distinct from one another

ဆက်ဆံရေး

set-san-yay — Relationship, connection, or dealings between parties

အောက်

owt — Below, under, or beneath something

တွင်

twing — In, within, inside (locative postposition)

စဉ်းစား

sin-sa — To think about, consider, or contemplate carefully

ပါ

pa — Polite particle; also 'also' or 'too'

က

ga — Subject marker particle indicating agent of action

ချမ်းသာကြွယ်ဝ

chan-tha-khwe-wa — Wealthy, prosperous, and abundantly well-off

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs

မိသားစု

mi-tha-zu — Family, household unit of related members

လှေ

hlay — Boat, small vessel for water travel

ကပ္တိန်

kap-tin — Captain, leader of a ship or vessel

မှ

hma — From, since, out of (ablative postposition)

တစ်ခု

ta-khu — One thing, a single item or unit

ရာ

ya — Nominalizer; place; also hundred (number context)

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kyun-naw-toe — We, us (formal first-person plural pronoun)

အား

a — To, for; object or beneficiary postposition

ကူညီ

ku-nyi — To help, assist, or give support to someone

ဆိုသည်မှာ

so-thay-hma — What is meant is; that is to say

အခါ

a-kha — Time, occasion, or when something happens

သေဒဏ်

thay-dan — Death penalty, capital punishment sentence

အပြစ်

a-pyit — Fault, sin, guilt, or wrongdoing

အတူ

a-tu — Together, jointly, in the same place

ဥပဒေ

u-pa-day — Law, legal rule, or statute

ပြုလုပ်

pyu-lote — To do, perform, carry out an action

ခွင့်

khwin — Permission, right, or leave to do something

ထို့ကြောင့်

hto-kyaung — Therefore, for that reason, consequently

အသေးငယ်

a-thway-ngay — Small, minor, or insignificant in size

ပစ္စည်းဥစ္စာ

pyit-si-u-sa — Belongings, property, goods, or possessions

ထိန်းညှိ

htain-hni — To regulate, adjust, or calibrate something carefully

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htain-thain — To preserve, maintain, or keep under control

အကောင်အထည်ဖော်

a-kaung-a-htay-phaw — To implement, carry out, or put into practice

နိုင်ငံတော်

naing-ngan-daw — The state, nation, or country (formal term)

နိုင်ငံခြား

naing-ngan-cha — Foreign, overseas, or from another country

ဒဏ်

dan — Punishment, penalty, or fine imposed

ကာကွယ်

ka-khwe — To protect, defend, or guard from harm

လူထု

lu-htu — The public, the masses, or general population

အင်အား

in-a — Strength, power, force, or capacity

အသုံးချ

a-thone-cha — To exploit, utilize, or make use of

တစ်ရပ်

ta-yat — One kind, a certain type or matter

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be, to become, to exist or occur

အများပြည်သူ

a-mya-pyi-thu — The general public, all citizens collectively

ကောင်းကျိုး

kaung-kyo — Benefit, good result, or positive outcome

သာ

tha — Only, just, merely; also emphatic particle

အခန်း

a-khan — Room, chapter, or section of something

သဘာဝ

tha-ba-wa — Nature, natural state, or natural phenomenon

အခြေအနေ

a-chay-a-nay — Situation, condition, or current state of affairs

အကြောင်း

a-kyaung — Reason, cause, subject matter, or about something

မှန်ကန်

hman-kan — Correct, accurate, right, or proper

စွာ

swa — Adverbializing suffix meaning in a manner of

နားလည်

na-le — To understand, comprehend, or grasp meaning

၎င်း

de-dain — He, she, it, they (formal third-person pronoun)

မူလ

mu-la — Original, primary, fundamental, or basic

ရင်းမြစ်

yin-myit — Source, origin, or root of something

ဆင်းသက်

sin-thet — To descend from, originate from, or derive

စေ

say — To cause, make, or let someone do something

လူသား

lu-tha — Human being, humanity, or humankind

အားဖြင့်

a-phyin — By means of, through, by way of

မည်သည့်

myi-thay — Whichever, whatever, any (interrogative/relative)

ရှိ

shi — To have, exist, or be present somewhere

ရ

ya — To get, obtain; can; result particle

မည်

myi — Future tense marker indicating will or shall

ကား

ka — Topic marker (formal); also car or vehicle

နယ်နိမိတ်

nay-na-myit — Border, boundary, or territorial limit

အတွင်း

a-twing — Inside, within, during a period or space

အခြား

a-cha — Other, another, different, or else

တစ်ဦး

ta-u — One person, a single individual

ဆန္ဒ

san-da — Desire, wish, will, or aspiration

ပေါ်

paw — On top of, upon, above, or surface

မှီခို

hmi-kho — To depend on, rely on, or take refuge

ခြင်း

chin — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into noun phrases

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe-ma-hote — Or, otherwise, or else (conjunction)

ခွင့်ပြုချက်

khwin-pyu-chet — Official permission, authorization, or approval granted

တောင်းခြင်း

taung-chin — The act of requesting or asking for something

ဘဲ

beh — Without doing; negative connective particle

မိမိတို့

mi-mi-toe — Ourselves, we ourselves (reflexive plural pronoun)

အကောင်းဆုံး

a-kaung-zone — The best, most excellent among all options

အတိုင်း

a-tine — According to, as per, in accordance with

၎င်းတို့

de-dain-toe — They, them (formal third-person plural pronoun)

လုပ်ဆောင်ချက်

lote-saung-chet — Action, deed, measure taken, or operation

စီမံခန့်ခွဲ

si-man-khan-khwe — To manage, administer, or oversee and organize

၍

yway — Therefore, and so, connective particle (formal)

ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှု

paing-saing-hmu — Ownership, possession, or the state of owning

ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ

ko-khan-da — The physical body of a person

စွန့်လွှတ်

swun-hlwat — To give up, abandon, or relinquish something willingly

လွတ်လပ်မှု

lwat-lat-hmu — Freedom, liberty, or independence

ပြည့်ဝ

pyee-wa — Full, complete, sufficient, or abundant