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Second Treatise of Government — Page 9

English → Pt Book II Level 9/10

Which being a trespass against the whole species, and the peace and safety of it, provided for by the law of nature, every man upon this score, by the right he hath to preserve mankind in general, may restrain, or where it is necessary, destroy things noxious to them, and so may bring such evil on any one, who hath transgressed that law, as may make him repent the doing of it, and thereby deter him, and by his example others, from doing the like mischief.

O que sendo uma transgressão contra toda a espécie, e a paz e segurança desta, prevista pela lei da natureza, todo homem por este motivo, pelo direito que tem de preservar a humanidade em geral, pode restringir, ou onde for necessário, destruir coisas nocivas a eles, e assim pode trazer tal mal a qualquer um que tenha transgredido essa lei, de modo a fazê-lo arrepender-se de tê-la cometido, e assim dissuadi-lo, e pelo seu exemplo a outros, de cometer malefício semelhante.

And in the case, and upon this ground, EVERY MAN HATH A RIGHT TO PUNISH THE OFFENDER, AND BE EXECUTIONER OF THE LAW OF NATURE.

E neste caso, e com base nisto, TODO HOMEM TEM O DIREITO DE PUNIR O INFRATOR, E SER EXECUTOR DA LEI DA NATUREZA.

Sect. 9. I doubt not but this will seem a very strange doctrine to some men: but before they condemn it, I desire them to resolve me, by what right any prince or state can put to death, or punish an alien, for any crime he commits in their country.

Seção 9. Não duvido que isto parecerá uma doutrina muito estranha a alguns homens: mas antes de a condenarem, desejo que me respondam por que direito qualquer príncipe ou estado pode condenar à morte, ou punir um estrangeiro, por qualquer crime que cometa em seu país.

It is certain their laws, by virtue of any sanction they receive from the promulgated will of the legislative, reach not a stranger: they speak not to him, nor, if they did, is he bound to hearken to them.

É certo que as suas leis, em virtude de qualquer sanção que recebam da vontade promulgada do legislativo, não alcançam um estrangeiro: elas não lhe falam, nem, se o fizessem, estaria ele obrigado a ouvi-las.

The legislative authority, by which they are in force over the subjects of that commonwealth, hath no power over him.

A autoridade legislativa, pela qual elas estão em vigor sobre os súditos daquela comunidade, não tem poder sobre ele.

Vocabulary

que
Relative pronoun; introduces subordinate clauses
sendo
Being; present participle of ser
uma
A, an; feminine indefinite article
transgressão
Transgression; violation of law or rule
contra
Against; opposition or movement toward something
toda
All, entire; feminine form of todo
espécie
Kind, type, species; category of things
paz
Peace; absence of conflict or disturbance
segurança
Security, safety; state of being protected
desta
Of this; contraction of de + esta
prevista
Foreseen, anticipated; past participle of prever
pela
By the; contraction of por + a
lei
Law; system of rules enforced by authority
da
Of the; contraction of de + a
natureza
Nature; natural world and its phenomena
todo
All, whole, entire; masculine singular form
homem
Man, person; adult male human being
por
By, for, through; preposition indicating agency
este
This; demonstrative pronoun masculine singular
motivo
Reason, motive; cause for action
pelo
By the; contraction of por + o
direito
Right, law; legal entitlement or privilege
tem
Has, have; third person singular of ter
de
Of; preposition indicating possession or origin
preservar
To preserve, maintain; keep from harm
humanidade
Humanity; human race or human qualities
em
In, on; preposition indicating location
geral
General; applying to all or most cases
pode
Can, may; third person singular of poder
restringir
To restrict, limit; confine within bounds
ou
Or; conjunction indicating alternatives
onde
Where; relative adverb of place
for
Will be; future subjunctive of ser
necessário
Necessary; needed or required
destruir
To destroy, ruin; cause complete damage
coisas
Things; objects or matters plural
nocivas
Harmful, noxious; causing damage or injury
eles
They; third person plural pronoun masculine
assim
Thus, so; in this manner or way
trazer
To bring, carry; move toward speaker
tal
Such, such a; demonstrative adjective
mal
Evil, harm; something bad or harmful
qualquer
Any, anyone; indefinite pronoun or adjective
um
A, one; indefinite article masculine singular
tenha
May have; subjunctive of ter
transgredido
Transgressed; past participle of transgredir
essa
That; demonstrative pronoun feminine singular
modo
Mode, manner; way something is done
fazê-lo
To do it; infinitive with object pronoun
arrepender-se
To repent, regret; feel remorse
tê-la
To have it; infinitive with feminine object
cometido
Committed, perpetrated; past participle of cometer
dissuadi-lo
To dissuade him; infinitive with object pronoun
seu
His, her, your; possessive adjective
exemplo
Example; instance illustrating a principle
outros
Others; plural of outro other
cometer
To commit; perpetrate or perform action
malefício
Harm, injury; damage caused to someone
semelhante
Similar, like; resembling something
neste
In this; contraction of em + este
caso
Case, situation; particular instance
com
With; preposition indicating accompaniment
base
Base, basis; foundation or ground
nisto
In this; contraction of em + isto
TODO
All, every; emphatic form of todo
HOMEM
Man, person; emphatic form of homem
TEM
Has; emphatic form of tem
DIREITO
Right; emphatic form of direito
DE
Of; emphatic form of de
PUNIR
To punish; inflict penalty for wrongdoing
INFRATOR
Offender, violator; one who breaks law
SER
To be; fundamental verb of existence
EXECUTOR
Executor; one who carries out orders
LEI
Law; system of legal rules
NATUREZA
Nature; natural world and its laws
Seção
Section; division of text or document
Não
No, not; negation particle
duvido
I doubt; first person singular of duvidar
isto
This; neuter demonstrative pronoun
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