Second Treatise of Government — Page 9
Which being a trespass against the whole species, and the peace and safety of it, provided for by the law of nature, every man upon this score, by the right he hath to preserve mankind in general, may restrain, or where it is necessary, destroy things noxious to them, and so may bring such evil on any one, who hath transgressed that law, as may make him repent the doing of it, and thereby deter him, and by his example others, from doing the like mischief.
O que sendo uma transgressão contra toda a espécie, e a paz e segurança desta, prevista pela lei da natureza, todo homem por este motivo, pelo direito que tem de preservar a humanidade em geral, pode restringir, ou onde for necessário, destruir coisas nocivas a eles, e assim pode trazer tal mal a qualquer um que tenha transgredido essa lei, de modo a fazê-lo arrepender-se de tê-la cometido, e assim dissuadi-lo, e pelo seu exemplo a outros, de cometer malefício semelhante.
And in the case, and upon this ground, EVERY MAN HATH A RIGHT TO PUNISH THE OFFENDER, AND BE EXECUTIONER OF THE LAW OF NATURE.
E neste caso, e com base nisto, TODO HOMEM TEM O DIREITO DE PUNIR O INFRATOR, E SER EXECUTOR DA LEI DA NATUREZA.
Sect. 9. I doubt not but this will seem a very strange doctrine to some men: but before they condemn it, I desire them to resolve me, by what right any prince or state can put to death, or punish an alien, for any crime he commits in their country.
Seção 9. Não duvido que isto parecerá uma doutrina muito estranha a alguns homens: mas antes de a condenarem, desejo que me respondam por que direito qualquer príncipe ou estado pode condenar à morte, ou punir um estrangeiro, por qualquer crime que cometa em seu país.
It is certain their laws, by virtue of any sanction they receive from the promulgated will of the legislative, reach not a stranger: they speak not to him, nor, if they did, is he bound to hearken to them.
É certo que as suas leis, em virtude de qualquer sanção que recebam da vontade promulgada do legislativo, não alcançam um estrangeiro: elas não lhe falam, nem, se o fizessem, estaria ele obrigado a ouvi-las.
The legislative authority, by which they are in force over the subjects of that commonwealth, hath no power over him.
A autoridade legislativa, pela qual elas estão em vigor sobre os súditos daquela comunidade, não tem poder sobre ele.
Vocabulary
- que
- Relative pronoun; introduces subordinate clauses
- sendo
- Being; present participle of ser
- uma
- A, an; feminine indefinite article
- transgressão
- Transgression; violation of law or rule
- contra
- Against; opposition or movement toward something
- toda
- All, entire; feminine form of todo
- espécie
- Kind, type, species; category of things
- paz
- Peace; absence of conflict or disturbance
- segurança
- Security, safety; state of being protected
- desta
- Of this; contraction of de + esta
- prevista
- Foreseen, anticipated; past participle of prever
- pela
- By the; contraction of por + a
- lei
- Law; system of rules enforced by authority
- da
- Of the; contraction of de + a
- natureza
- Nature; natural world and its phenomena
- todo
- All, whole, entire; masculine singular form
- homem
- Man, person; adult male human being
- por
- By, for, through; preposition indicating agency
- este
- This; demonstrative pronoun masculine singular
- motivo
- Reason, motive; cause for action
- pelo
- By the; contraction of por + o
- direito
- Right, law; legal entitlement or privilege
- tem
- Has, have; third person singular of ter
- de
- Of; preposition indicating possession or origin
- preservar
- To preserve, maintain; keep from harm
- humanidade
- Humanity; human race or human qualities
- em
- In, on; preposition indicating location
- geral
- General; applying to all or most cases
- pode
- Can, may; third person singular of poder
- restringir
- To restrict, limit; confine within bounds
- ou
- Or; conjunction indicating alternatives
- onde
- Where; relative adverb of place
- for
- Will be; future subjunctive of ser
- necessário
- Necessary; needed or required
- destruir
- To destroy, ruin; cause complete damage
- coisas
- Things; objects or matters plural
- nocivas
- Harmful, noxious; causing damage or injury
- eles
- They; third person plural pronoun masculine
- assim
- Thus, so; in this manner or way
- trazer
- To bring, carry; move toward speaker
- tal
- Such, such a; demonstrative adjective
- mal
- Evil, harm; something bad or harmful
- qualquer
- Any, anyone; indefinite pronoun or adjective
- um
- A, one; indefinite article masculine singular
- tenha
- May have; subjunctive of ter
- transgredido
- Transgressed; past participle of transgredir
- essa
- That; demonstrative pronoun feminine singular
- modo
- Mode, manner; way something is done
- fazê-lo
- To do it; infinitive with object pronoun
- arrepender-se
- To repent, regret; feel remorse
- tê-la
- To have it; infinitive with feminine object
- cometido
- Committed, perpetrated; past participle of cometer
- dissuadi-lo
- To dissuade him; infinitive with object pronoun
- seu
- His, her, your; possessive adjective
- exemplo
- Example; instance illustrating a principle
- outros
- Others; plural of outro other
- cometer
- To commit; perpetrate or perform action
- malefício
- Harm, injury; damage caused to someone
- semelhante
- Similar, like; resembling something
- neste
- In this; contraction of em + este
- caso
- Case, situation; particular instance
- com
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment
- base
- Base, basis; foundation or ground
- nisto
- In this; contraction of em + isto
- TODO
- All, every; emphatic form of todo
- HOMEM
- Man, person; emphatic form of homem
- TEM
- Has; emphatic form of tem
- DIREITO
- Right; emphatic form of direito
- DE
- Of; emphatic form of de
- PUNIR
- To punish; inflict penalty for wrongdoing
- INFRATOR
- Offender, violator; one who breaks law
- SER
- To be; fundamental verb of existence
- EXECUTOR
- Executor; one who carries out orders
- LEI
- Law; system of legal rules
- NATUREZA
- Nature; natural world and its laws
- Seção
- Section; division of text or document
- Não
- No, not; negation particle
- duvido
- I doubt; first person singular of duvidar
- isto
- This; neuter demonstrative pronoun
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