The Adventures of Roderick Random — Page 3

Vocabulary

Vergeblich

In vain; without success or result

erklärte

Explained or declared something to someone

der

Definite article: the (masculine nominative)

erstaunte

Astonished or amazed (past tense adjective/verb)

Maler

A painter; person who creates visual art

dass

Conjunction meaning 'that,' introducing subordinate clauses

er

Personal pronoun meaning 'he'

nicht

Negation word meaning 'not'

die

Definite article: the (feminine or plural)

Absicht

Intention or purpose behind an action

gehabt

Past participle of 'haben,' meaning 'had'

habe

First-person singular present of 'haben,' meaning 'have'

jemanden

Accusative form of 'someone'; refers to a person

zu

Preposition or infinitive marker meaning 'to'

beleidigen

To insult or offend another person

oder

Conjunction meaning 'or,' offering alternatives

bestimmte

Specific or particular; referring to defined individuals

Personen

Persons or individuals; plural of Person

charakterisieren

To characterize or describe someone's traits

sie

Pronoun meaning 'she,' 'they,' or 'you (formal)'

behaupteten

Claimed or asserted something (past tense)

Ähnlichkeit

Similarity or resemblance between two things

sei

Subjunctive form of 'sein,' meaning 'be/is'

offensichtlich

Obviously or evidently; clearly apparent to all

um

Preposition meaning 'around,' 'at,' or 'in order to'

übersehen

To overlook or miss something; ignore

werden

To become; auxiliary verb for future/passive

warfen

Threw (past tense plural of 'werfen')

ihm

Dative pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it'

Unverschämtheit

Impudence or audacity; shameless behavior

Bosheit

Malice or wickedness; intentional ill will

und

Conjunction meaning 'and,' linking elements

Undankbarkeit

Ingratitude; failure to appreciate kindness received

vor

Preposition meaning 'before,' 'in front of,' 'ago'

da

Since/because; also 'there' depending on context

ihr

Their, her, or your (plural informal)

Lärm

Noise or loud disturbance; uproar

von

Preposition meaning 'from,' 'by,' or 'of'

Öffentlichkeit

The public; general population or public sphere

vernommen

Heard or perceived (past participle of vernehmen)

wurde

Was (past tense of werden); passive auxiliary

Hauptmann

Captain; military rank or leader

ein

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

Bär

Bear; large wild mammal

Doktor

Doctor; medical professional or academic title

Esel

Donkey; stubborn pack animal; also fool

eine

Indefinite article for feminine nouns meaning 'a'

Eule

Owl; nocturnal bird of prey

bis

Until or up to a point in time

an

Preposition meaning 'at,' 'on,' or 'to'

sein

His; possessive pronoun (also infinitive 'to be')

Lebensende

End of life; the final point of one's existence

Leser

Reader; person who reads a text

ich

Personal pronoun meaning 'I'

bitte

Please; polite request word

dich

Accusative of 'du'; meaning 'you' (direct object)

inständig

Earnestly or urgently; with sincere insistence

im

Contraction of 'in dem,' meaning 'in the'

Namen

Name or names; dative of 'Name'

des

Genitive article meaning 'of the' (masculine/neuter)

Herrn

Lord or master; genitive/dative of Herr

erinnere

Remember or recall (imperative/present form)

dieses

This (demonstrative pronoun, genitive/neuter form)

Beispiel

Example or illustration used to demonstrate something

während

While or during; simultaneous actions or time span

du

Informal second-person singular pronoun meaning 'you'

mit

Preposition meaning 'with' or 'together with'

Lektüre

Reading; a text or piece of reading material

folgenden

Following; the next or subsequent (adjective)

Seiten

Pages or sides; plural of Seite

beschäftigt

Occupied or busy with something

bist

Second-person singular of 'sein,' meaning 'are'

versuche

Try or attempt (imperative or first-person present)

dir

Dative of 'du'; meaning 'to you' or 'yourself'

das

The (neuter article) or 'that' (demonstrative)

anzueignen

To appropriate or make something one's own

was

What; relative or interrogative pronoun

gleichermaßen

Equally or in the same measure; likewise

verschiedenen

Various or different; diverse (adjective, declined)

Menschen

People or human beings; plural of Mensch

gehört

Belongs to; or past participle of 'hören' (heard)

Wenn

If or when; introduces conditional clauses

auf

Preposition meaning 'on,' 'onto,' or 'upon'

Gestalt

Figure, form, or character; physical or perceived shape

stoßen

To encounter or come across something; also to push

solltest

Should (second-person singular conditional of sollen)

in

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'

irgendeiner

Some or any (unspecified); an indefinite pronoun

unangenehmen

Unpleasant or disagreeable (adjective, declined)

Eigenschaft

Quality, trait, or characteristic of someone

widerspiegelt

Reflects or mirrors something (third-person present)

so

So, thus, or in such a way

behalte

Keep (imperative of behalten); retain to yourself

es

It; neuter personal pronoun

für

For; preposition indicating purpose or benefit

bedenke

Consider or bear in mind (imperative of bedenken)

einziges

Single or sole; only one (adjective, declined)

Merkmal

Feature or characteristic trait that identifies something

noch

Still, yet, or even; adds emphasis or continuity

kein

No, not a; negating article for nouns

Gesicht

Face; the front part of a person's head

ausmacht

Constitutes or makes up; defines something (verb)

obwohl

Although or even though; concessive conjunction

vielleicht

Perhaps or maybe; expressing uncertainty

durch

Through or by means of; preposition

auffällst

Stand out or attract attention (second-person singular)

zwanzig

Twenty; the number 20

deiner

Your (genitive of 'du'); possessive pronoun

Nachbarn

Neighbors; people living nearby

sich

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'oneself'

derselben

The same (genitive/dative form of derselbe)

Lage

Situation, position, or circumstance one is in

befinden

To find oneself in a situation; to be located

könnten

Could (subjunctive II of können); expressing possibility