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The Adventures of Roderick Random — Page 4

English → Spanish Preface Level 8/10

Although nothing could be more ludicrous and unnatural than the figures they drew, they did not want patrons and admirers; and the world actually began to be infected with the spirit of knight-errantry, when Cervantes, by an inimitable piece of ridicule, reformed the taste of mankind, representing chivalry in the right point of view, and converting romance to purposes far more useful and entertaining, by making it assume the sock, and point out the follies of ordinary life.

Aunque nada podría ser más ridículo e irnatural que las figuras que dibujaban, no les faltaron mecenas ni admiradores; y el mundo comenzó verdaderamente a contagiarse del espíritu de la caballería andante, cuando Cervantes, mediante una pieza inimitable de ridiculización, reformó el gusto de la humanidad, representando la caballería desde el punto de vista correcto, y convirtiendo el romance en propósitos mucho más útiles y entretenidos, al hacerlo adoptar el estilo cómico y señalar las necedades de la vida ordinaria.

The same method has been practised by other Spanish and French authors, and by none more successfully than by Monsieur Le Sage, who, in his Adventures of Gil Blas, has described the knavery and foibles of life, with infinite humour and sagacity.

El mismo método ha sido practicado por otros autores españoles y franceses, y por ninguno con más éxito que por el señor Le Sage, quien, en sus Aventuras de Gil Blas, ha descrito las picardías y debilidades de la vida, con infinito humor y sagacidad.

The following sheets I have modelled on his plan, taking me liberty, however, to differ from him in the execution, where I thought his particular situations were uncommon, extravagant, or peculiar to the country in which the scene is laid.

Las páginas siguientes las he modelado según su plan, tomándome la libertad, sin embargo, de diferir de él en la ejecución, donde consideré que sus situaciones particulares eran poco comunes, extravagantes o propias del país en el que se desarrolla la escena.

The disgraces of Gil Blas are, for the most part, such as rather excite mirth than compassion; he himself laughs at them; and his transitions from distress to happiness, or at least ease, are so sudden, that neither the reader has time to pity him, nor himself to be acquainted with affliction.

Las desgracias de Gil Blas son, en su mayor parte, de tal naturaleza que excitan más la risa que la compasión; él mismo se ríe de ellas; y sus transiciones de la angustia a la felicidad, o al menos a la tranquilidad, son tan repentinas, que ni el lector tiene tiempo de compadecerlo, ni él mismo de familiarizarse con la aflicción.

This conduct, in my opinion, not only deviates from probability, but prevents that generous indignation, which ought to animate the reader against the sordid and vicious disposition of the world.

Esta conducta, en mi opinión, no solo se aparta de la verosimilitud, sino que impide esa generosa indignación que debería animar al lector contra la sórdida y viciosa disposición del mundo.

Vocabulary

Aunque
Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'
nada
Nothing; not anything at all
podría
Could or would be able to (conditional of poder)
ser
To be (permanent or inherent characteristics)
más
More; used for comparisons and additions
ridículo
Ridiculous; absurd or deserving of mockery
e
And; variant of 'y' used before i- sounds
que
That; which; who; conjunction or relative pronoun
las
The; feminine plural definite article
figuras
Figures; characters or shapes depicted visually
dibujaban
They drew or depicted (imperfect tense of dibujar)
no
No; not; negation word
les
To them; indirect object pronoun (third person plural)
faltaron
They lacked; were missing (preterite of faltar)
ni
Nor; neither; used in negative constructions
admiradores
Admirers; people who appreciate or praise someone
y
And; basic coordinating conjunction
el
The; masculine singular definite article
mundo
World; all people; global society
comenzó
Began; started (preterite tense of comenzar)
verdaderamente
Truly; genuinely; in a real or sincere manner
a
To; at; preposition indicating direction or purpose
contagiarse
To become infected or influenced by something spreading
del
Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'el'
espíritu
Spirit; essence or animating force of something
de
Of; from; preposition indicating origin or belonging
la
The; feminine singular definite article
caballería
Chivalry; knighthood or cavalry tradition
cuando
When; at the time that
mediante
By means of; through the use of something
una
A; an; feminine singular indefinite article
pieza
Piece; work; a literary or artistic creation
reformó
Reformed; changed or improved (preterite of reformar)
gusto
Taste; preference; aesthetic sensibility
humanidad
Humanity; humankind; compassion toward others
representando
Representing; portraying or depicting something
desde
From; since; indicating a starting point
punto
Point; spot; specific position or perspective
vista
View; sight; perspective or point of view
correcto
Correct; proper; accurate or socially appropriate
convirtiendo
Converting; transforming into something different
romance
Romance; romantic narrative or chivalric tale
en
In; on; into; general preposition of location
propósitos
Purposes; goals or intentions behind an action
mucho
Much; a lot; great in quantity or degree
útiles
Useful; helpful; serving a practical purpose
entretenidos
Entertaining; amusing or enjoyable to engage with
al
To the; contraction of 'a' and 'el'
hacerlo
To do it; infinitive with attached object pronoun
adoptar
To adopt; to take on a style or approach
estilo
Style; manner or distinctive way of expression
cómico
Comic; humorous; relating to comedy or laughter
señalar
To point out; indicate or highlight something
vida
Life; the experience of being alive
ordinaria
Ordinary; common; everyday and unremarkable
El
The; masculine singular definite article
mismo
Same; very; oneself; used for emphasis or identity
método
Method; systematic approach or procedure
ha
Has; auxiliary verb for present perfect tense
sido
Been; past participle of ser
practicado
Practiced; applied or used regularly
por
By; for; through; versatile preposition
otros
Others; other people or things
autores
Authors; writers of literary or scholarly works
españoles
Spanish; people or things from Spain
franceses
French; people or things from France
ninguno
None; not one; no one among a group
con
With; together with; in the company of
éxito
Success; a favorable or desired outcome
señor
Mister; sir; a title of respect for men
quien
Who; whom; relative pronoun referring to people
sus
His; her; their; their possessive adjective (plural)
Aventuras
Adventures; exciting or unusual experiences
descrito
Described; depicted in words (past participle)
debilidades
Weaknesses; personal flaws or character failings
infinito
Infinite; limitless; enormously great in degree
humor
Humor; wit; the quality of being amusing
Las
The; feminine plural definite article
páginas
Pages; individual sheets in a book or document
siguientes
Following; next; coming after in sequence
he
I have; first person auxiliary for perfect tense
modelado
Modeled; shaped or patterned after something else
según
According to; following or based on something
su
His; her; its; your (formal) possessive adjective
plan
Plan; scheme or organized course of action
tomándome
Taking for myself; reflexive gerund of tomar
libertad
Liberty; freedom; permission to act independently
sin
Without; lacking or absent of something
embargo
Embargo; used in 'sin embargo' meaning however
diferir
To differ; to deviate or vary from something
él
He; him; third person masculine singular pronoun
ejecución
Execution; carrying out or performance of a plan
donde
Where; in which; relative adverb of place
consideré
I considered; thought about (preterite of considerar)
situaciones
Situations; circumstances or particular conditions
particulares
Particular; specific; individual or special cases
eran
Were; third person plural imperfect of ser
poco
Little; few; a small amount or degree
comunes
Common; ordinary; shared by many people
extravagantes
Extravagant; wildly unusual or over-the-top
o
Or; conjunction presenting an alternative
propias
Own; proper; belonging specifically to something
país
Country; nation; geographic and political territory
se
Reflexive pronoun; oneself; used in many constructions
desarrolla
Develops; takes place; unfolds or progresses
escena
Scene; setting or stage where action occurs
desgracias
Misfortunes; unfortunate or tragic events
son
Are; third person plural present of ser
mayor
Greater; larger; older; comparative of grande
parte
Part; portion; section of a whole
tal
Such; such a; of that particular kind
naturaleza
Nature; character; the natural world or essence
excitan
They excite; stir up or provoke feelings
risa
Laughter; the act of laughing; amusement
compasión
Compassion; sympathy felt for others' suffering
ríe
Laughs; third person singular present of reír
ellas
They; them; third person feminine plural pronoun
transiciones
Transitions; shifts or changes between states
angustia
Anguish; intense emotional distress or anxiety
felicidad
Happiness; joy; state of being content or glad
menos
Less; fewer; opposite of más
tranquilidad
Tranquility; calmness; peaceful state of mind
tan
So; as; such; used in comparisons and exclamations
repentinas
Sudden; abrupt; happening without warning
lector
Reader; person who reads a text or book
tiene
Has; there is (third person singular of tener)
tiempo
Time; weather; duration or period
familiarizarse
To familiarize oneself; become accustomed to something
Esta
This; feminine demonstrative adjective or pronoun
conducta
Conduct; behavior; the way one acts
mi
My; first person singular possessive adjective
opinión
Opinion; personal view or judgment on something
solo
Only; alone; just; without others
aparta
Separates; moves away; departs from something
sino
But rather; but instead; contradicting a negation
impide
Prevents; stops or hinders from happening
esa
That; feminine singular demonstrative adjective
generosa
Generous; noble; giving or magnanimous in spirit
indignación
Indignation; anger at injustice or wrongdoing
debería
Should; ought to (conditional of deber)
animar
To encourage; to motivate or inspire action
contra
Against; in opposition to something
viciosa
Vicious; morally corrupt or depraved in character
disposición
Disposition; tendency; natural inclination or attitude
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