The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Complete — Page 5

Vocabulary

Puis

pwee — Then, afterward; used to sequence events

elle

el — She; third-person singular feminine pronoun

eut

ü — Had; past historic tense of 'avoir'

une

ün — A, an; feminine indefinite article

nouvelle

noo-vel — New; feminine adjective meaning recent or fresh

inspiration

an-spee-rah-syohn — Inspiration; a sudden creative or motivating idea

tu

tü — You; second-person singular informal pronoun

n'

n — Negation particle used before vowels

as

ah — Have; second-person singular of 'avoir'

pas

pah — Not; negation word used with 'ne'

eu

ü — Had; past participle of 'avoir'

besoin

buh-zwan — Need; necessity or requirement for something

de

duh — Of, from; common preposition linking nouns

défaire

day-fair — To undo, untie; reverse a fastening or arrangement

le

luh — The; masculine singular definite article

col

kol — Collar; the neckband of a shirt or garment

ta

tah — Your; second-person singular feminine possessive adjective

chemise

shuh-meez — Shirt; a garment worn on the upper body

là

lah — There; indicating a place or pointing something out

où

oo — Where; relative or interrogative adverb of place

je

zhuh — I; first-person singular subject pronoun

l'

l — The or it; elided definite article or pronoun

avais

ah-veh — Had; imperfect tense of 'avoir', first person

cousu

koo-zü — Sewn; past participle of 'coudre', to sew

pour

poor — For, in order to; preposition expressing purpose

t'

t — You; elided second-person singular object pronoun

asperger

as-pair-zhay — To sprinkle or splash with water or liquid

la

lah — The; feminine singular definite article

tête

tet — Head; the uppermost part of the body

est-

es — Is; third-person singular of 'être', inverted form

ce

suh — This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

Déboutonne

day-boo-ton — Unbutton; imperative form of 'déboutonner'

veste

vest — Jacket; a short coat or blazer garment

L'

l — The; elided masculine or feminine definite article

inquiétude

an-kyeh-tüd — Worry, anxiety; a feeling of unease or concern

disparut

dees-pah-rü — Disappeared; past historic of 'disparaître'

du

dü — Of the; contracted masculine partitive article

visage

vee-zahzh — Face; the front part of a person's head

Il

eel — He; third-person singular masculine subject pronoun

ouvrit

oo-vree — Opened; past historic of 'ouvrir', to open

sa

sah — His, her; third-person singular feminine possessive adjective

Le

luh — The; masculine singular definite article

était

ay-teh — Was; imperfect tense of 'être', third person singular

solidement

so-leed-mahn — Solidly, firmly; in a sturdy or secure manner

Zut

züt — Darn, shoot; mild exclamation of frustration

Bon

bohn — Good, well; expressing acceptance or mild resignation

va-

vah — Go; imperative of 'aller', used in expressions

en

ahn — In, on; preposition indicating location or manner

J'

zh — I; elided first-person singular subject pronoun

étais

ay-teh — Was; imperfect first-person singular of 'être'

sûre

sür — Sure, certain; feminine adjective expressing certainty

que

kuh — That; conjunction connecting clauses or comparisons

fait

feh — Done, made; past participle of 'faire'

école

ay-kol — School; an institution for learning and education

buissonnière

bwee-son-yair — Truancy; used in 'faire l'école buissonnière' (skip school)

et

ay — And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses

allé

ah-lay — Gone; past participle of 'aller', to go

nager

nah-zhay — To swim; to move through water using the body

Mais

meh — But; conjunction expressing contrast or opposition

te

tuh — You; second-person singular direct or indirect object pronoun

pardonne

par-don — Forgive; first-person present of 'pardonner'

Je

zhuh — I; first-person singular subject pronoun

suppose

sü-poz — Suppose, assume; to think or consider something likely

es

ay — Are; second-person singular of 'être'

sorte

sort — Sort, kind; type or variety of something

chat

shah — Cat; a common domesticated feline animal

échaudé

ay-shoh-day — Scalded; burned by hot water, used in proverb

comme

kom — Like, as; conjunction or adverb of comparison

on

ohn — One, people, we; indefinite subject pronoun

dit

dee — Says, said; third-person singular of 'dire'

meilleur

meh-yur — Better, best; comparative adjective of 'bon'

air

air — Air, appearance; look or manner of a person

_Cette_

set — This; feminine demonstrative adjective indicating something nearby

fois

fwah — Time, instance; an occurrence or occasion

Elle

el — She; third-person singular feminine subject pronoun

à

ah — To, at; preposition of direction, location, or purpose

moitié

mwah-tyay — Half; one of two equal parts of something

désolée

day-zo-lay — Sorry, regretful; feminine adjective expressing remorse

perspicacité

pair-spee-kah-see-tay — Perspicacity; keen insight or sharp perceptiveness

eût

ü — Had; past subjunctive of 'avoir'

trompée

trohn-pay — Deceived, mistaken; past participle of 'tromper'

contente

kohn-tahnt — Happy, pleased; feminine adjective expressing satisfaction

fût

fü — Was; past subjunctive of 'être'

tombé

tohn-bay — Fallen; past participle of 'tomber', to fall

par

par — By, through; preposition indicating means or agent

hasard

ah-zar — Chance, luck; an unexpected or accidental event

sur

sür — On, upon; preposition indicating position or subject

conduite

kohn-dweet — Conduct, behavior; the way one acts or behaves

obéissante

o-bay-ee-sahnt — Obedient; feminine adjective describing compliant behavior

Eh

ay — Hey, well; interjection expressing surprise or emphasis

bien

byahn — Well, good; adverb indicating quality or agreement

moi

mwah — Me; first-person singular stressed pronoun

qui

kee — Who, which; relative or interrogative pronoun

croyais

krwah-yeh — Believed, thought; imperfect of 'croire', first person

vous

voo — You; second-person plural or formal subject pronoun

aviez

ah-vyay — Had; second-person plural imperfect of 'avoir'

son

sohn — His, her; third-person singular masculine possessive adjective

avec

ah-vek — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

fil

feel — Thread; a thin strand used for sewing or tying

blanc

blahn — White; masculine adjective for the color white

mais

meh — But; conjunction expressing contrast or opposition

il

eel — He, it; third-person singular masculine subject pronoun

est

ay — Is; third-person singular present of 'être'

noir

nwar — Black; masculine adjective for the color black

si

see — If, so; conjunction or adverb of condition or intensity

ai

ay — Have; first-person singular present of 'avoir'

attendit

ah-tahn-dee — Waited; past historic of 'attendre', third person

suite

sweet — Continuation, following; what comes next in sequence

En

ahn — In, while; preposition or gerund-forming element

sortant

sor-tahn — Leaving, going out; present participle of 'sortir'

porte

port — Door; an entryway into a building or room

rosserai

ro-suh-ray — Will thrash, beat; future tense of 'rosser'

ça

sah — That, it; informal demonstrative pronoun

Dans

dahn — In, inside; preposition indicating location within something

un

uhn — A, an; masculine singular indefinite article

endroit

ahn-drwah — Place, spot; a particular location or position

sûr

sür — Safe, sure; adjective meaning secure or certain

examina

eg-zah-mee-nah — Examined; past historic of 'examiner', to inspect

deux

duh — Two; the cardinal number following one

grandes

grahnd — Large, big; feminine plural adjective of size

aiguilles

ay-gwee — Needles; thin pointed tools used for sewing

étaient

ay-teh — Were; third-person plural imperfect of 'être'

piquées

pee-kay — Stuck, pricked; past participle of 'piquer', feminine plural

dans

dahn — In, inside; preposition indicating location or time

les

lay — The; plural definite article for masculine and feminine

revers

ruh-vair — Lapels; turned-back edges of a jacket or coat

autour

oh-toor — Around; preposition indicating surrounding or encircling

desquelles

day-kel — Around which; relative pronoun, feminine plural form

enroulé

ahn-roo-lay — Rolled, wound; past participle of 'enrouler'

aiguille

ay-gwee — Needle; a thin pointed tool for sewing

portait

por-teh — Carried, wore; imperfect third-person singular of 'porter'

autre

oh-truh — Other, another; adjective or pronoun of difference

aurait

oh-reh — Would have; conditional third-person singular of 'avoir'

jamais

zhah-meh — Never, ever; adverb of frequency or negation

remarqué

ruh-mar-kay — Noticed, remarked; past participle of 'remarquer'

avait

ah-veh — Had; third-person singular imperfect of 'avoir'

été

ay-tay — Been; past participle of 'être', to be

cause

kohz — Cause; the reason or origin of something

Sacrebleu

sah-kruh-bluh — Good grief, dammit; old-fashioned French exclamation of surprise

parfois

par-fwah — Sometimes; occasionally, not always

coud

koo — Sews; third-person singular present of 'coudre'

sang

sahn — Blood; the red fluid circulating in the body

j'

zh — I; elided first-person singular subject pronoun

aimerais

em-ray — Would like; conditional first-person singular of 'aimer'

qu'

k — That; elided subordinating conjunction before a vowel

s'

s — Himself, herself; elided reflexive pronoun

tienne

tyen — Hold, keep; subjunctive of 'tenir'

ou

oo — Or; coordinating conjunction expressing alternatives

arrive

ah-reev — Happens, arrives; third-person singular of 'arriver'

m'

m — Me; elided first-person singular object pronoun

souvenir

soov-neer — To remember; to recall something from the past

parie

pah-ree — Bet; first-person singular present of 'parier'

vais

veh — Going; first-person singular present of 'aller'

flanquer

flahn-kay — To fling, deal; to give someone a beating

raclée

rah-klay — Thrashing, beating; a severe physical punishment

lui

lwee — Him, her, to him; third-person singular pronoun

apprendrai

ah-prahn-dray — Will teach, will learn; future of 'apprendre'