The Ballad of the White Horse — Page 3

Vocabulary

Li

li — Them; third person plural object pronoun

spezzò

spet-tsò — He/she broke or shattered something

con

kon — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

una

u-na — A, an; indefinite article feminine singular

spada

spa-da — Sword; a bladed weapon used in combat

spezzata

spet-tsa-ta — Broken, shattered; feminine past participle of spezzare

Un

un — A, an; indefinite article masculine singular

poco

po-ko — A little, a bit; small amount

verso

ver-so — Toward; preposition indicating direction

il

il — The; definite article masculine singular

mare

ma-re — Sea; large body of salt water

E

e — And; basic coordinating conjunction

per

per — For, through; preposition of purpose or duration

un'

un — A, an; elided feminine indefinite article before vowel

ora

o-ra — Hour; unit of time equal to sixty minutes

di

di — Of, from; common Italian preposition

pace

pa-che — Peace; state of calm and absence of conflict

ansante

an-san-te — Panting, breathless; gasping from exertion

Cinto

chin-to — Girded, encircled; surrounded or belted around

da

da — By, from; preposition of origin or agent

fragore

fra-go-re — Roar, crash, din; loud overwhelming noise

che

ke — That, which, who; relative or conjunction word

non

non — Not; standard Italian negation word

cessava

ches-sa-va — Was ceasing, was stopping; imperfect of cessare

corona

ko-ro-na — Crown; ornamental headpiece worn by royalty

d'

d — Of; elided preposition before a vowel

oro

o-ro — Gold; precious yellow metal of high value

vello

vel-lo — Fleece, pelt; soft wool covering of an animal

Fece

fe-che — He/she made or did; past tense of fare

leggi

led-ji — Laws; rules established by authority or custom

sotto

sot-to — Under, beneath; preposition of position below

albero

al-be-ro — Tree; large woody perennial plant

Gli

ʎi — The; definite article masculine plural, or to him

uomini

u-o-mi-ni — Men; plural of uomo, adult male humans

del

del — Of the; contraction of di and il

Nord

nord — North; cardinal direction opposite to south

vennero

ven-ne-ro — They came; third person plural past of venire

sulla

sul-la — On the; contraction of su and la

nostra

nos-tra — Our; feminine singular possessive adjective

terra

ter-ra — Land, earth; ground or territory

Una

u-na — A, an; feminine indefinite article singular

cavalleria

ka-val-le-ri-a — Cavalry, chivalry; mounted warriors or knightly code

senza

sen-tsa — Without; preposition indicating absence or lack

Che

ke — That, who, which; relative pronoun or conjunction

conoscevano

ko-no-she-va-no — They knew; imperfect tense of conoscere

né

ne — Neither, nor; negative correlative conjunction

l'

l — The; elided definite article before a vowel

arco

ar-ko — Bow, arch; curved weapon for shooting arrows

la

la — The; feminine singular definite article

penna

pen-na — Pen, feather; writing instrument or quill

Grandi

gran-di — Great, large, big; plural adjective of grande

belli

bel-li — Beautiful, handsome; masculine plural of bello

mezzi

med-zi — Half, means; plural of mezzo, half or medium

stolti

stol-ti — Foolish, stupid; masculine plural of stolto

Dal

dal — From the; contraction of da and il

levante

le-van-te — East, Levant; direction of sunrise or eastern region

Navi

na-vi — Ships; plural of nave, large watercraft

deformi

de-for-mi — Deformed, misshapen; ugly or distorted in form

si

si — Reflexive particle; oneself or impersonal subject

ergevano

er-je-va-no — They rose, they loomed; imperfect of ergersi

sul

sul — On the; contraction of su and il

profondo

pro-fon-do — Deep, depth; the deep sea or something profound

Piene

pje-ne — Full; feminine plural adjective of pieno

strano

stra-no — Strange, weird; unusual or unfamiliar

fuoco

fuo-ko — Fire; combustion producing heat and light

irsuti

ir-su-ti — Hairy, shaggy, bristly; covered with rough hair

grandi

gran-di — Great, large; plural adjective describing great size

quanto

kwan-to — How much, as much; degree or quantity word

peccato

pek-ka-to — Sin; moral wrongdoing or transgression

teste

tes-te — Heads; plural of testa, the head of a body

cornute

kor-nu-te — Horned; feminine plural, having horns on head

avanzando

a-van-tsan-do — Advancing, moving forward; gerund of avanzare

a

a — To, at; basic Italian preposition

guado

gua-do — Ford; shallow crossing point in a river

Attraverso

at-tra-ver-so — Through, across; preposition of passage

lunga

lun-ga — Long; feminine singular adjective of lungo

bassa

bas-sa — Low, shallow; feminine singular of basso

melma

mel-ma — Mud, slime, mire; soft wet muddy ground

marina

ma-ri-na — Marine, coastal; relating to the sea or coast

Le

le — The; feminine plural definite article

nostre

nos-tre — Our; feminine plural possessive adjective

città

chit-tà — City, town; urban settlement or municipality

furono

fu-ro-no — They were; third person plural past of essere

scosse

skos-se — Shook, jolted; past tense of scuotere

re

re — King; male monarch ruling a kingdom

altissimi

al-tis-si-mi — Very tall, very high; superlative of alto

barbe

bar-be — Beards; plural of barba, facial hair on chin

scarlatte

skar-lat-te — Scarlet; bright red color, feminine plural adjective

come

ko-me — Like, as, how; comparison or manner word

sangue

san-gue — Blood; red liquid circulating in the body

Il

il — The; masculine singular definite article

mondo

mon-do — World; the earth or all of humanity

fece

fe-che — Made, did; third person singular past of fare

vuoto

vuo-to — Empty, void; absence of content or matter

dove

do-ve — Where; adverb of place or relative conjunction

posavano

po-sa-va-no — They rested, they placed; imperfect of posare

i

i — The; masculine plural definite article

piedi

pje-di — Feet; plural of piede, the foot of a body

Presero

pre-se-ro — They took; third person plural past of prendere

buona

buo-na — Good; feminine singular adjective of buono

croce

kro-che — Cross; Christian symbol or intersecting structure

tagliarono

ta-ʎa-ro-no — They cut; third person plural past of tagliare

farne

far-ne — To make of it; infinitive fare with particle ne

legna

le-ɲa — Firewood; wood cut or gathered for burning

loro

lo-ro — Their, them; third person plural possessive or pronoun

anime

a-ni-me — Souls; plural of anima, spiritual essence of beings

vagavano

va-ga-va-no — They wandered; imperfect tense of vagare

tutte

tut-te — All; feminine plural of tutto, every one

vedevano

ve-de-va-no — They saw; imperfect tense of vedere

soltanto

sol-tan-to — Only, just; restrictive adverb limiting to one thing

occhi

ok-ki — Eyes; plural of occhio, the organs of sight

pesanti

pe-zan-ti — Heavy; plural adjective of pesante

spezzavano

spet-tsa-va-no — They were breaking; imperfect tense of spezzare

mani

ma-ni — Hands; plural of mano, the human hand

I

i — The; masculine plural definite article

dèi

dè-i — Gods; plural of dio, divine supernatural beings

erano

e-ra-no — They were; imperfect tense of essere

più

pju — More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

tristi

tris-ti — Sad; plural adjective of triste

Dèi

dè-i — Gods; plural of dio, plural divine beings

volontà

vo-lon-tà — Will, willpower; determination or intention

errante

er-ran-te — Wandering, errant; roaming without fixed direction

urlavano

ur-la-va-no — They howled, they screamed; imperfect of urlare

bestie

bes-tje — Beasts, animals; plural of bestia, wild creatures

nella

nel-la — In the; contraction of in and la

notte

not-te — Night; dark period between sunset and sunrise

Tristemente

tris-te-men-te — Sadly; adverb expressing sadness or sorrow

collina

kol-li-na — Hill; raised landform smaller than a mountain

in

in — In, into; preposition of location or movement

Sembravano

sem-bra-va-no — They seemed; imperfect tense of sembrare

alberi

al-be-ri — Trees; plural of albero, large woody plants

camminassero

kam-mi-nas-se-ro — They were walking; past subjunctive of camminare

Altrettanto

al-tret-tan-to — Just as much, equally; same degree of comparison

alti

al-ti — Tall, high; masculine plural of alto

Eppure

ep-pu-re — And yet, nevertheless; concessive conjunction

impadronirono

im-pa-dro-ni-ro-no — They seized, they took control; past of impadronirsi

dei

de-i — Of the; contraction of di and i, masculine plural

cieli

chje-li — Skies, heavens; plural of cielo

venne

ven-ne — Came; third person singular past of venire

nessun

nes-sun — No, none; negative adjective before masculine noun

aiuto

a-ju-to — Help, aid; assistance given to someone in need

Si

si — Reflexive or impersonal particle; oneself

moltiplicarono

mol-ti-pli-ka-ro-no — They multiplied; past tense of moltiplicare

uccelli

ut-chel-li — Birds; plural of uccello, feathered flying animals

nei

ne-i — In the; contraction of in and i, masculine plural

boschi

bos-ki — Woods, forests; plural of bosco, wooded areas

inglesi

in-gle-si — English; plural adjective relating to England

Misero

mi-se-ro — They put, placed; third person plural past of mettere

radici

ra-di-chi — Roots; plural of radice, underground plant structures

rosa

ro-za — Rose, pink; flower or the color pink

Quando

kwan-do — When; temporal conjunction or adverb

giunse

jun-se — He/she arrived, reached; past tense of giungere

ad

ad — To, at; preposition used before vowels

Per

per — For, in order to; preposition of purpose

nascondersi

nas-kon-der-si — To hide oneself; reflexive infinitive of nascondersi

dalle

dal-le — From the; contraction of da and le

frecce

fret-che — Arrows; plural of freccia, projectiles shot from bows

Non

non — Not; standard Italian negation word

rimaneva

ri-ma-ne-va — Remained, was left; imperfect tense of rimanere

armatura

ar-ma-tu-ra — Armor; protective metal covering worn in battle

Né

ne — Neither, nor; negative correlative conjunction

alcuna

al-ku-na — Any, none; feminine singular of alcuno in negative context

cosa

ko-za — Thing; a general word for any object or matter

essere

es-se-re — To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary verb