The Brothers Karamazov — Page 2

Vocabulary

Visse

VIS-se — He/she lived (past tense of vivere)

per

per — For, through, by (preposition)

molti

MOL-ti — Many (masculine plural adjective)

anni

AN-ni — Years (plural of anno)

all'

al — Contraction of 'a + il/la' meaning at the

estero

ES-te-ro — Foreign country, abroad

in

in — In, at, to (preposition)

seguito

se-GWI-to — Afterward, following, continuation

ma

ma — But (conjunction contrasting two clauses)

era

E-ra — He/she/it was (imperfect of essere)

quel

kwel — That (masculine singular demonstrative adjective)

tempo

TEM-po — Time, weather, period

un

un — A, an (masculine indefinite article)

uomo

WO-mo — Man, human being

ancora

an-KO-ra — Still, yet, again

molto

MOL-to — Very, much, a lot

giovane

JO-va-ne — Young person or young (adjective)

e

e — And (conjunction)

si

si — Reflexive pronoun: himself, herself, oneself

distingueva

dis-tin-GWE-va — He/she stood out, was distinguished (imperfect)

tra

tra — Among, between (preposition)

i

i — The (masculine plural definite article)

come

KO-me — As, like, how

di

di — Of, from (preposition)

idee

i-DE-e — Ideas (plural of idea)

illuminate

il-lu-mi-NA-te — Enlightened, illuminated (adjective, plural feminine)

cultura

kul-TU-ra — Culture, education, cultivation

europea

eu-ro-PE-a — European (feminine adjective)

che

ke — That, which, who (conjunction/pronoun)

stato

STA-to — Been (past participle of essere); also state

nelle

NEL-le — In the (feminine plural contraction)

capitali

ka-pi-TA-li — Capitals, capital cities (plural)

Verso

VER-so — Toward, around (a time) (preposition)

la

la — The (feminine singular definite article)

fine

FI-ne — End, conclusion

della

DEL-la — Of the (feminine singular contraction)

sua

SU-a — His, her, its (feminine possessive adjective)

vita

VI-ta — Life

divenne

di-VEN-ne — He/she became (past tense of diventare)

Liberale

li-be-RA-le — Liberal (political or ideological orientation)

del

del — Of the (masculine singular contraction)

tipo

TI-po — Type, kind, sort

comune

ko-MU-ne — Common, ordinary, shared

negli

NEL-yi — In the (masculine plural contraction)

quaranta

kwa-RAN-ta — Forty (the 1840s decade implied here)

cinquanta

chin-KWAN-ta — Fifty (the 1850s decade implied here)

Nel

nel — In the (masculine singular contraction)

corso

KOR-so — Course, flow, duration

carriera

kar-RIE-ra — Career, professional path

venuto

ve-NU-to — Come, arrived (past participle of venire)

contatto

kon-TAT-to — Contact, connection with someone

con

kon — With (preposition)

degli

DEL-yi — Of the, some (masculine plural contraction)

uomini

WO-mi-ni — Men (plural of uomo)

più

pyoo — More, most (comparative/superlative adverb)

liberali

li-be-RA-li — Liberals, liberal people (plural noun/adjective)

epoca

E-po-ka — Epoch, era, period of history

sia

SI-a — Both, whether (conjunction); also subjunctive of essere

Aveva

a-VE-va — He/she had (imperfect of avere)

conosciuto

ko-no-SHU-to — Known, met (past participle of conoscere)

personalmente

per-so-nal-MEN-te — Personally, in person

declino

de-KLI-no — Decline, deterioration, later years

amava

a-MA-va — He/she loved, used to love (imperfect)

descrivere

de-SKRI-ve-re — To describe, to recount

tre

tre — Three (numeral)

giorni

JOR-ni — Days (plural of giorno)

Rivoluzione

ri-vo-lu-TSYO-ne — Revolution, major political uprising

parigina

pa-ri-JI-na — Parisian (feminine adjective relating to Paris)

febbraio

feb-BRA-yo — February (second month of the year)

lasciando

la-SHAN-do — Leaving, letting, implying (present participle)

intendere

in-TEN-de-re — To understand, to imply, to mean

lui

lu-i — He, him (personal pronoun)

stesso

STES-so — Same, himself (emphatic pronoun/adjective)

aveva

a-VE-va — He/she had (imperfect of avere)

quasi

KWA-zi — Almost, nearly

preso

PRE-zo — Taken, participated (past participle of prendere)

parte

PAR-te — Part, role, share

ai

a-i — To the (masculine plural contraction)

combattimenti

kom-bat-ti-MEN-ti — Fights, battles, armed clashes (plural)

sulle

SUL-le — On the (feminine plural contraction)

barricate

bar-ri-KA-te — Barricades (street barriers during revolts)

Questo

KWES-to — This (masculine singular demonstrative pronoun)

uno

U-no — One (numeral or indefinite article)

dei

de-i — Of the, some (masculine plural contraction)

ricordi

ri-KOR-di — Memories, recollections (plural of ricordo)

cari

KA-ri — Dear, cherished (masculine plural adjective)

giovinezza

jo-vi-NET-tsa — Youth, youthfulness, early years of life

Possedeva

pos-se-DE-va — He/she possessed, owned (imperfect tense)

una

U-na — A, an (feminine indefinite article)

proprietà

pro-prie-TA — Property, estate, ownership

indipendente

in-di-pen-DEN-te — Independent, self-sufficient, autonomous

circa

CIR-ka — About, approximately (adverb of quantity)

mille

MIL-le — One thousand (numeral)

anime

A-ni-me — Souls, serfs (old term for counting serfs)

usare

u-ZA-re — To use, to employ, to utilize

il

il — The (masculine singular definite article)

vecchio

VEK-kyo — Old (adjective); old man (noun)

modo

MO-do — Way, manner, method

calcolare

kal-ko-LA-re — To calculate, to count, to reckon

Il

il — The (masculine singular definite article)

splendido

SPLEN-di-do — Splendid, magnificent, wonderful

podere

po-DE-re — Farm, rural estate, agricultural property

trovava

tro-VA-va — Was located, used to find (imperfect)

alla

AL-la — At the, to the (feminine singular contraction)

periferia

pe-ri-fe-RI-a — Outskirts, periphery, suburb of a town

nostra

NOS-tra — Our (feminine singular possessive adjective)

piccola

PIK-ko-la — Small, little (feminine adjective)

città

chit-TA — City, town

confinava

kon-fi-NA-va — Bordered, was adjacent to (imperfect tense)

le

le — The (feminine plural article); also indirect pronoun

terre

TER-re — Lands, grounds, territories (plural of terra)

nostro

NOS-tro — Our (masculine singular possessive adjective)

famoso

fa-MO-zo — Famous, renowned, well-known

monastero

mo-nas-TE-ro — Monastery, religious community building

quale

KWA-le — Which, who, what (relative/interrogative pronoun)

avviò

av-VYO — He/she started, initiated (past tense)

causa

KAU-za — Cause, lawsuit, legal case

senza

SEN-tsa — Without (preposition)

subito

SU-bi-to — Immediately, right away, at once

dopo

DO-po — After, afterward (preposition/adverb)

essere

ES-se-re — To be (infinitive of the verb essere)

entrato

en-TRA-to — Entered (past participle of entrare)

possesso

pos-SES-so — Possession, ownership, control of property

tenuta

te-NU-ta — Estate, property, holding

riguardo

ri-GWAR-do — Regarding, with respect to, concerning

diritti

di-RIT-ti — Rights, entitlements (plural of diritto)

pesca

PES-ka — Fishing (right or activity)

nel

nel — In the (masculine singular contraction)

fiume

FYU-me — River, stream

o

o — Or (disjunctive conjunction)

al

al — To the, at the (masculine singular contraction)

taglio

TAL-yo — Cutting, cut, felling (of timber)

legname

len-YA-me — Timber, lumber, cut wood

bosco

BOS-ko — Wood, forest, grove

non

non — Not (negation adverb)

so

so — I know (first person singular of sapere)

esattamente

e-zat-ta-MEN-te — Exactly, precisely, accurately

due

DU-e — Two (numeral)

Considerava

kon-si-de-RA-va — He/she considered, regarded (imperfect tense)

dovere

do-VE-re — Duty, obligation; also must (modal verb)

cittadino

chit-ta-DI-no — Citizen, townsperson

aprire

a-PRI-re — To open, to launch, to begin

attacco

at-TAK-ko — Attack, assault, offensive

contro

KON-tro — Against (preposition)

clericali

kle-ri-KA-li — Clericals, church supporters (plural noun/adjective)