The Confessions of St. Augustine — Page 13

Vocabulary

Quand

kɑ̃ — When; used to introduce a time clause.

ils

il — They (masculine or mixed group pronoun).

nommaient

nɔmɛ — They were naming or calling something.

quelque

kɛlkə — Some; an indefinite adjective indicating an unspecified thing.

chose

ʃoz — Thing; a general word for any object or matter.

et

e — And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses.

qu'

k — That/than; elided form of 'que' before a vowel.

en

ɑ̃ — In/by; preposition or pronoun with multiple uses.

parlant

paʁlɑ̃ — Speaking; present participle of 'parler'.

se

sə — Himself/herself/themselves; reflexive pronoun.

tournaient

tuʁnɛ — They were turning toward something or someone.

vers

vɛʁ — Toward; preposition indicating direction or movement.

elle

ɛl — She/her; third person singular feminine pronoun.

je

ʒə — I; first person singular subject pronoun.

voyais

vwajɛ — I was seeing; imperfect tense of 'voir'.

me

mə — Me/myself; first person singular object pronoun.

souvenais

suvənɛ — I was remembering; imperfect of 'se souvenir'.

appelaient

aplɛ — They were calling or naming something/someone.

ce

sə — This/that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective.

voulaient

vulɛ — They wanted; imperfect tense of 'vouloir'.

désigner

deziɲe — To designate or indicate something specifically.

du

dy — Of the; contracted form of 'de le'.

nom

nɔ̃ — Name; word used to identify a person or thing.

prononçaient

pʁonɔ̃sɛ — They were pronouncing or uttering a word.

entendaient

ɑ̃tɑ̃dɛ — They were hearing; imperfect tense of 'entendre'.

cette

sɛt — This (feminine); demonstrative adjective before a noun.

non

nɔ̃ — No; word expressing negation or refusal.

une

yn — A/an (feminine); indefinite article or numeral one.

autre

otʁ — Other; adjective indicating a different person or thing.

cela

səla — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

était

etɛ — Was; third person singular imperfect of 'être'.

évident

evidɑ̃ — Evident; clearly obvious or apparent to all.

d'

d — Of/from; elided preposition before a vowel sound.

après

apʁɛ — After; preposition indicating sequence in time or space.

le

lə — The (masculine); definite article for masculine nouns.

mouvement

muvmɑ̃ — Movement; physical motion or gesture of the body.

de

də — Of/from; very common French preposition.

leur

lœʁ — Their; possessive adjective for a plural owner.

corps

kɔʁ — Body; the physical form of a living being.

langage

lɑ̃ɡaʒ — Language; system of communication used by people.

naturel

natyʁɛl — Natural; existing in or produced by nature.

pour

puʁ — For; preposition indicating purpose or intention.

ainsi

ɛ̃si — Thus/so; adverb indicating manner or consequence.

dire

diʁ — To say; infinitive of the verb meaning to speak.

toutes

tut — All (feminine plural); adjective indicating totality.

les

le — The (plural); definite article for plural nouns.

nations

nasjɔ̃ — Nations; groups of people sharing territory and culture.

exprimé

ɛkspʁime — Expressed; past participle of 'exprimer', to convey meaning.

par

paʁ — By/through; preposition indicating means or agent.

visage

vizaʒ — Face; the front part of a person's head.

regards

ʁəɡaʁ — Gazes/looks; the direction or expression of one's eyes.

des

de — Some/of the; partitive or plural indefinite article.

yeux

jø — Eyes; the organs of sight on a face.

gestes

ʒɛst — Gestures; movements of the body conveying meaning.

membres

mɑ̃bʁ — Limbs/members; arms, legs, or body parts.

tons

tɔ̃ — Tones; qualities or variations of the voice.

la

la — The (feminine); definite article for feminine nouns.

voix

vwa — Voice; sound produced by speaking or singing.

indiquant

ɛ̃dikɑ̃ — Indicating; present participle of 'indiquer', to show.

affections

afɛksjɔ̃ — Affections; emotions or feelings of the soul.

l'

l — The; elided definite article before a vowel sound.

âme

am — Soul; the spiritual or immaterial part of a person.

selon

səlɔ̃ — According to; preposition indicating conformity or basis.

poursuit

puʁsɥi — Pursues; third person singular of 'poursuivre'.

possède

posɛd — Possesses; third person singular of 'posséder'.

rejette

ʁəʒɛt — Rejects; third person singular of 'rejeter'.

ou

u — Or; coordinating conjunction presenting an alternative.

fuit

fɥi — Flees; third person singular of 'fuir', to flee.

entendant

ɑ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃ — Hearing; present participle of 'entendre'.

constamment

kɔ̃stamɑ̃ — Constantly; adverb meaning repeatedly or without stopping.

mots

mo — Words; units of language used in speech or writing.

tels

tɛl — Such; adjective indicating similarity or degree.

apparaissaient

apaʁɛsɛ — They were appearing; imperfect of 'apparaître'.

dans

dɑ̃ — In/within; preposition indicating location or context.

diverses

divɛʁs — Various; adjective meaning different or varied types.

phrases

fʁaz — Sentences/phrases; groups of words forming meaning.

recueillis

ʁəkœji — Gathered/collected; past participle of 'recueillir'.

peu

pø — Little/few; adverb or adjective indicating small quantity.

à

a — To/at; very common French preposition.

représentaient

ʁəpʁezɑ̃tɛ — They represented; imperfect of 'représenter'.

ayant

ɛjɑ̃ — Having; present participle of 'avoir', to have.

habitué

abitɥe — Accustomed; past participle of 'habituer', to accustom.

ma

ma — My (feminine); first person singular possessive adjective.

bouche

buʃ — Mouth; the opening in the face used for speaking.

ces

se — These/those; plural demonstrative adjective.

signes

siɲ — Signs; signals or symbols conveying information.

j'

ʒ — I; elided first person subject pronoun before vowel.

exprimai

ɛkspʁime — I expressed; simple past of 'exprimer'.

volonté

vɔlɔ̃te — Will/wish; one's desire or intention to do something.

Ainsi

ɛ̃si — Thus/so; adverb indicating result or manner.

échangeai

eʃɑ̃ʒe — I exchanged; simple past of 'échanger'.

avec

avɛk — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means.

ceux

sø — Those (masculine plural); demonstrative pronoun.

qui

ki — Who/which; relative or interrogative pronoun.

m'

m — Me; elided first person object pronoun before vowel.

entouraient

ɑ̃tuʁɛ — They surrounded; imperfect of 'entourer'.

courants

kuʁɑ̃ — Currents/common; flows or prevalent ideas/expressions.

nos

no — Our; first person plural possessive adjective.

volontés

vɔlɔ̃te — Wills/wishes; plural of 'volonté', desires or intentions.

avançai

avɑ̃se — I advanced; simple past of 'avancer'.

plus

ply — More; adverb indicating greater degree or quantity.

profondément

pʁofɔ̃demɑ̃ — Deeply; adverb meaning to a great or profound degree.

commerce

kɔmɛʁs — Commerce/dealings; interaction or trade among people.

orageux

oʁaʒø — Stormy/turbulent; full of difficulties or disorder.

vie

vi — Life; the state of being alive.

humaine

ymɛn — Human (feminine); relating to humankind or people.

tout

tu — All/everything; adjective or pronoun indicating totality.

dépendant

depɑ̃dɑ̃ — Depending; present participle of 'dépendre'.

encore

ɑ̃kɔʁ — Still/yet/again; adverb indicating continuation or repetition.

autorité

otoʁite — Authority; power or right to give orders.

parentale

paʁɑ̃tal — Parental (feminine); relating to one's parents.

signe

siɲ — Sign/signal; a gesture or mark conveying information.

tête

tɛt — Head; the uppermost part of the human body.

anciens

ɑ̃sjɛ̃ — Elders/former; older people or things of the past.

Dieu

djø — God; the supreme being in monotheistic religion.

mon

mɔ̃ — My (masculine); first person singular possessive adjective.

quelles

kɛl — What (feminine plural); interrogative or exclamatory adjective.

misères

mizɛʁ — Miseries; states of great suffering or distress.

moqueries

mɔkʁi — Mockeries; acts of making fun or ridicule.

éprouvai

epʁuve — I experienced/felt; simple past of 'éprouver'.

alors

alɔʁ — Then/at that time; adverb indicating a moment in time.

quand

kɑ̃ — When; conjunction or adverb of time.

on

ɔ̃ — One/we/they; indefinite subject pronoun.

proposa

pʁopoze — Proposed; simple past of 'proposer', to suggest.

obéir

obeˈiʁ — To obey; to follow orders or instructions given.

mes

me — My (plural); first person plural possessive adjective.

maîtres

mɛtʁ — Masters/teachers; those in authority or who instruct.

comme

kɔm — Like/as; conjunction or preposition of comparison.

il

il — He/it; third person singular masculine pronoun.

convient

kɔ̃vjɛ̃ — Is fitting/suitable; third person singular of 'convenir'.

un

œ̃ — A/an (masculine); indefinite article or numeral one.

enfant

ɑ̃fɑ̃ — Child; a young human being, boy or girl.

afin

afɛ̃ — In order; used in 'afin que/de' to express purpose.

que

kə — That/than; subordinating conjunction or comparison word.

monde

mɔ̃d — World; all people or society in general.

pusse

pys — Could (subjunctive); imperfect subjunctive of 'pouvoir'.

prospérer

pʁɔspere — To prosper; to thrive or succeed in life.

exceller

ɛksɛle — To excel; to be exceptionally good at something.

science

sjɑ̃s — Science/knowledge; a branch of organized learning.

laquelle

lakɛl — Which (feminine); relative pronoun referring to a feminine noun.

devait

dəvɛ — Was supposed to; imperfect of 'devoir'.

servir

sɛʁviʁ — To serve; to be useful or of service to someone.

louange

lwɑ̃ʒ — Praise; expression of admiration or approval.

hommes

ɔm — Men/humans; adult male persons or humankind.

trompeuses

tʁɔ̃pøz — Deceptive/misleading (feminine plural); causing false impressions.

richesses

ʁiʃɛs — Riches/wealth; abundance of valuable possessions or money.

Ensuite

ɑ̃sɥit — Then/next; adverb indicating the following event.

envoya

ɑ̃vwaje — Sent; simple past of 'envoyer', to send someone.

école

ekɔl — School; institution where children receive education.

y

i — There/it; pronoun replacing a place or thing.

acquérir

akeʁiʁ — To acquire; to gain or obtain knowledge or skills.

savoir

savwaʁ — Knowledge/to know; understanding or learned information.

dont

dɔ̃ — Of which/whose; relative pronoun replacing 'de + noun'.

moi

mwa — Me/I; stressed first person singular pronoun.

pauvre

povʁ — Poor/wretched; lacking money or evoking pity.

misérable

mizeʁabl — Miserable/wretched; in a state of great unhappiness.

ne

nə — Not; part of French negation, used with 'pas' etc.

connaissais

kɔnɛsɛ — I knew; imperfect of 'connaître', to be acquainted with.

pas

pa — Not; negative particle used with 'ne'.

utilité

ytilite — Usefulness/utility; quality of being practically helpful.

pourtant

puʁtɑ̃ — Yet/however; adverb expressing contrast or concession.

si

si — If/so; conditional conjunction or intensifying adverb.

étais

etɛ — I was; imperfect of 'être', to be.

paresseux

paʁɛsø — Lazy; unwilling to work or make an effort.

études

etyd — Studies; academic work or courses pursued at school.

battu

baty — Beaten; past participle of 'battre', to hit or beat.